MATERNAL NURSING NOTES
PREGNANCY Ovum – Zygote – Blastocyst – Embryo (5–8
–"gravida"
▪︎Primigravida – first pregnancy
▪︎Multigravida – pregnant for at least a 2nd
time.
▪︎Grand multigravida – pregnant five times
or more.
PREGNANCY DURATION
▪︎months – 9 months
▪︎weeks – 40 weeks
▪︎days – 280 days
▪︎trimesters – 3 trimesters
Lifespan of sperm
▪︎ans: 3 days
Lifespan of egg (ovum)
▪︎ans: 1 day
Age of viability — The earliest age at
which fetuses survive if they are born.
▪︎ans: 24 weeks (or 500–600 g in weight)
MENSTRUATION | Glands & Hormones
▪︎Hypothalamus – GnRH
▪︎APG – FSH/LH
▪︎Ovaries – estrogen/progesterone
Effects
▪︎FSH – follicle maturation
▪︎LH – follicle rupture (ovulation)
▪︎Progesterone – increase
vascularity/blood flow in endometrium.
▪︎Estrogen – increase thickening/cell
proliferation in endetrium.
FOLLICLE
▪︎Graafian follicle – mature follicle (high in
estrogen)
▪︎Corpus luteum – ruptured follicle (high in
progesterone)
EJACULATION: average 2.5 ml of semen
(containing 50–200 million sperm).
OLIGOSPERMIA – Low sperm count
ans: 15 million sperm.
GENETIC DISORDER SCREENING &
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
▪︎Chorionic Villi Sampling – 10-12 weeks
▪︎Amniocentesis – 15-18 weeks
FETAL DEVELOPMENT
weeks) – Fetus (from embryo to term).
ZYGOTE
–product of fertilization
BLASTOCYST
▪︎trophoblast – outer, later will form
placenta
▪︎embryoblast –inner, later will form
embryo/fetus.
EMBRYO –after implantation
—LABOR & DELIVERY
—
STAGES OF LABOR
1st: Dilation – longest stage
2nd: Expulsion – expulsion of fetus
3rd: Placental – expulsion of placenta
4th: Recovery – recovery stage
4 Ps OF LABOR
Power – uterine contraction
Passenger – fetus
Passageway – pelvis
Psyche
Dystocia – difficulty in giving birth.
Oxytocin – let-down reflex, uterine
contraction.
PROlactin – PROmotes breastmilk
PROduction.
PERINEAL LACERATION
▪︎First degree: Vaginal mucous membrane
and skin of the perineum to the
fourchette
▪︎Second degree: Vagina, perineal skin,
fascia, levator ani muscle, and perineal
body
▪︎Third degree: Entire perineum, extending
to reach the external sphincter of the
rectum
▪︎Fourth degree Entire perineum, rectal
sphincter, and some of the mucous
membrane
of the rectum
DISORDERS
Ectopic – extrauterine (sa labas ng uterus)
implantation.
▪︎Common organ affected in ectopic –
fallopian tube/tubal pregnancy.
▪︎Common site of ectopic – ampulla
Abruptio – early placental separation.
Previa – low placenta implantation.
Postpartum Hemorrhage
▪︎above 500 ml blood loss
▪︎leading cause of maternal mortality
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
(PID)
–common caused by chlamydia &
gonorrhea
–can lead to ectopic pregnancy
–Contraception that can cause PID
▪︎ans: IUD
DRUGS/MEDS
Clomiphene (Clomid)
–can stimulate ovulation (fertility
problem)
Methotrexate
–can destroy the ectopic
Misprostol
–can use in labor induction
Corticosteroid
–for premature baby (to increase lung
surfactant) – prevent ARDS.
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4)
CNS depressant & muscle relaxant
–for preclampsia/eclampsia (CNS
depressant)
–for premature labor (muscle relaxant)
–risk for toxicity
Antidote for MgSO4 toxicity
▪︎ans: Calcium gluconate