ALGEBRA 1I:

MOTION, BINOMIAL THEOREM

AND PROGRESSION
MAY 30 2022
I. MOTION
MOTION/ RATE PROBLEMS ARE DEVELOPED FROM A SIMPLE FORMULA DESCRIBING THE SPEED OF AN
OBJECT, EXPRESSED MATHEMATICALLY AS

A. BASIC FORMULAS

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
• 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 =
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
• 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 =
𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆

• 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒙 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

B. CASES OF PROBLEMS

• MOTION IN A STRAIGHT PATH

• D= d1 + d2

D= d1 + d2

d1 = d2 or t1 = t2
B. CASES OF PROBLEMS

• MOTION IN A CIRCULAR PATH

Case 1: Moving in opposite direction and meet each other every time t:
• xt + yt = D
Case II: Moving in same direction and pass each other every time t:
• xt – yt = D

x = rate of the faster runner

y = rate of the slower runner
t =time
D = total distance(equal to the circumference of the circular path
 C. RATE PROBLEMS

• Motion against the wind • Motion with the wind

R= rate/speed of the Plane R= rate/speed of the Plane

C= rate of the wind C= rate of the wind
t=time t=time
Then, the distance covered when moving against the Then, the distance covered when moving with the
wind is: wind is:
D = (R-C) t D = (R+C) t
 C. RATE PROBLEMS

• Motion with the water current • Motion against the water current
(Downstream)
(Upstream)

R= rate/speed of the object/person R= rate/speed of the object/person

C= rate of the water current C= rate of the water current
t=time t=time

Then, the distance covered when moving against the Then, the distance covered when moving with the

water is: water is:

D = (R+C) t D = (R-C) t
II. BINOMIAL THEOREM

A. PRE-BINOMIAL THEOREM FORMULAS

II. BINOMIAL THEOREM
IN THE EXPRESSION OF (X + Y)N THE COEFFICIENT OF THE EXPANSION CAN
BE OBTAINED BY PASCAL TRIANGLE.

• B. Pascal’s Triangle: used to determine the • C. Properties

coefficients of term in binomial expansion
1. The first term is xn.
(x+y)5= x5 + 5x4y + 10x3y2 + 10x2y3 + 5xy4 + y5
2. The last term is yn.
3. The exponent of x decreases by 1.
4. The exponent of y increases by 1.
5. The sum of exponents of each term is n.
6. The number of terms is n+1.
7. The signs are alternating if y is negative
8. The coefficients of symmetrical terms are
equal.
II. BINOMIAL THEOREM
IN THE EXPRESSION OF (X + Y)N THE COEFFICIENT OF THE EXPANSION CAN
BE OBTAINED BY PASCAL TRIANGLE.

C. Formulas

1. r th term: nCr-1 xn-(r-1) yr-1

2. term with yr : nCr xn-r yr

3. Middle term: If n=even, r=(1/2 n) +1

4. Coefficient of next term: Cnt = (𝐂oefficient of 𝐩revious 𝐭erm) (𝐄𝐱𝐩.𝐨𝐟 𝐗 𝐩revious 𝐭erm) /

(𝐄𝐱𝐩 𝐨𝐟 𝐘 previous term + 𝟏)

5. sum of coefficients: S = (coefficient of x + coefficient of y)n

if the 2nd term is constant k

S = (coefficient of x + k )n – (k)n

6. sum of exponents: S = n (n + 1)

if (xa + yb)n
S = ( 𝐧 (𝐧+𝟏)(𝐚+𝐛) )/ 2
III. PROGRESSION
A SEQUENCE OF VALUES IN WHICH EACH TERM IS OBTAINED FROM THE PRECEDING TERM IN THE
SAME WAY.

A. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.) 1I. Sum of A.P

A SEQUENCE IN WHICH THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ANY TWO CONSECUTIVE TERM IS CONSTANT. S= n { (a1+aN) / 2} or n/2 { 2a1+(n-1)d}
GENERAL FORM OF AN A.P.
A1, A2, A3,…., AN… III. Arithmetic mean
WHERE A2-A1= A3–A2=D D= COMMON DIFFERENCE
AM=(a1+a3)/2
1. NTH TERM OF AN A.P
*
AN= A1+(N-1) D Where:
AN= A2+(N-2) D d = common difference
n = number of terms
AN= AM+(N-M) D an = nth term or last term
am = any term before an
S = sum of first n terms
 III. PROGRESSION
A SEQUENCE OF VALUES IN WHICH EACH TERM IS OBTAINED FROM THE PRECEDING TERM IN THE
SAME WAY.

B. GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (G.P.)

A SEQUENCE IN WHICH THE RATIO OF EACH
TERM TO ITS PRECEDING TERM REMAINS THE 1I. Sum of Finite G.P 1V. Geometric Mean
SAME.
GENERAL FORM OF A G.P.
S = a1( rn-1/ r-1) → if r>1 GM= (𝒂1a3)
A1, A2, A3,…., AN,…
S =a1( 1-r n/ 1-r) → if r<1
WHERE:
A 2 / A1 = A3 / A2. =R III. Sum of Infinite G.P
R = COMMON RATIO If: (r>1 and n=∞)→ r n=∞
1. NTH TERM OF G.P S=∞ Where
An=nth term or last term
AN= A1RN-1
If: (r<1 and n=∞)→ r n=0 N=number of terms
AN= A2RN-1 R=common ratio
S= a1 / (1-r)
AN= AMRN-M Am=any term before an
 III. PROGRESSION
A SEQUENCE OF VALUES IN WHICH EACH TERM IS OBTAINED FROM THE PRECEDING TERM IN THE
SAME WAY.

C. SOLVING FOR TWO NUMBERS A AND B GIVEN A.M AND GM

WHERE:
AM = ARITHMETIC MEAN BETWEEN A AND B
GM = GEOMETRIC MEAN BETWEEN A AND B
 III. PROGRESSION
A SEQUENCE OF VALUES IN WHICH EACH TERM IS OBTAINED FROM THE PRECEDING TERM IN THE
SAME WAY.

D. HARMONIC PROGRESSION
A SEQUENCE OF TERMS IN WHICH EACH TERM IS THE RECIPROCAL OF THE CORRESPONDING TERM OF A SERIES ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION.

TO FIND THE TERM OF H.P,

1. CONVERT THE SEQUENCE INTO ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
2. DO THE CALCULATIONS USING ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
3. TAKE THE RECIPROCAL OF ANSWER IN A.P TO GET THE CORRECT TERM IN H.P