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pa kaya.
Tiwala lang magiging Engineer ka din!
COLLEGE ALGEBRA 2
FORMULA BASED
CONCEPTS AND
EXAMPLES
JULY 8 2022 PART 1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02 03
SPECIAL PRODUCTS BINOMIAL THEOREM PROGRESSION
AND FACTORING

04 05
RATIO, PROPORTION LINEAR AND
AND VARIATION QUADRATIC
 01
SPECIAL PRODUCTS
AND FACTORING
 SPECIAL PRODUCTS
Special products are the result of binomials being multiplied, or simplified further, and can be
solved with ease using the FOIL method: first, outer, inner, last.

1. Product of Two Similar (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab

Binomials
(ax + b)(cx + d) = acx2 + (bc + ad)x + bd

2. Product of the Sum and (x + y)(x − y) = x2 − y2

Difference of Two Terms

3. Square of a Binomial (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2

(x − y)2 = x2 − 2xy + y2

4. Square of a Trinomial (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2(xy + xz + yz)

5. Cube of a Binomial (x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3

(x − y)3 = x3 − 3x2y + 3xy2 − y3

CASE 1: PRODUCT OF TWO BINOMIALS

FIND THE PRODUCT OF THE FOLLOWING

1. (2x-3y)(4x+5y)= 2(4)x2 + (2)(5)-(3)(4)xy -(3)(5)y2 = 8x2-2xy-15y2

2. (x2-4)(x2+5)=(x2)(x2)+(5-4)x2-20=x4+x2-20

3. (2x3-5y4)(3x2+4y3)=6x5-15x2y4+8x3y3-20y7
CASE 2:PRODUCT OF THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE
OF THE SAME TWO TERMS
FIND THE PRODUCT OF THE FOLLOWING

1. (4x+5y)(4x-5y)=(4x)2-(5y)2=16x2-25y2

2. (x6a5+7) (x6a5-7)=x12a10-49
 CASE 3:SQUARE OF BINOMIAL

FIND THE PRODUCT OF THE FOLLOWING

1. (3x-7)=(3x)2-2(3x)(7)+72= 9x2-42x+49

2. (4x3-3y6)2=(4x3)2-2(4x3)(3y6)+(3y6)2=16x6-24x3y6+9y12
CASE 4:SQUARE OF A TRINOMIAL

FIND THE PRODUCT OF THE FOLLOWING

1. (a+b+c)2=[a+(-b)+(-c)]2
=a2+ (-b)2+ (-c)2+ 2a(-b)+2a(-c)+2(-b)(-c)
=a2+b2+c2-2ab-2ac+2bc

2. (3x+y-5)2=[3x+y+(-5)]2
=(3x)2+y2+(-5)2+2(3x)(y)+2(3x)(-5)+(2)(y)(-5)
=9x2+y2+25+6xy-30x-10y
 CASE 5:CUBE OF A BINOMIAL

FIND THE PRODUCT OF THE FOLLOWING

1. (a2- 4)3=(a2)3-3(a2)2(4)+(3)(a2)(4)2-43=a6-12a4+48a2-64

2. (a4+b5z8)3=(a4)3+ 3(a4)2(b5z8)2+ (b5z8)3=a12+3a8b5z8+3a4b10z16+b15z24

 FACTORING
The process of writing polynomial as a product.

1. Common Monomial Factor cx + cy = c(x + y)

2. Difference of two squares x2 − y2 = (x + y)(x − y)

3. Perfect Square Trinomial x2+ 2xy + y2= (x + y)2

x2 − 2xy + y2 = (x − y)2

4. Sum and difference of two x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x2 − xy + y2)

cubes
x3 − y3 = (x − y)(x2 + xy + y2)

5. Other Trinomials x2 + (a + b)x + ab = (x + a)(x + b)

acx2 + (ad + bc)x + bd = (ax + b)(cx + d)

6. Factoring by Grouping ac + bc + ad + bd = c(a + b) + d(a + b)= (a + b)(c + d)

CASE 1: COMMON MONOMIAL FACTOR

FACTOR THE FOLLOWING

1. 24x2-18x3= 6x2(4-3x)

2. 30 xm+1-84 xn+1= 6x(5xm -14xn)

CASE 2: DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES

FACTOR THE FOLLOWING

1. 9a2-25b2=(3a)2-(5b)2=(3a-5b)(3a+5b)
2. a8x4-16=(a4x2+4)(a4x2-4)=(a4x2+4)(a2x-2) (a2x+2)
CASE 3: PERFECT SQUARE TRINOMIAL

FACTOR THE FOLLOWING

1. 4x2-12xy+9y2= (2x-3y)2

2. x5-2x3+x=x(x4-2x2+1)=x(x2-1)2=x(x+1)2(x-1)2
CASE 4: SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO CUBES

FACTOR THE FOLLOWING

1. 8x3-125y3=(2x)3-(5y)3=(2x-5y)(4x2+10xy+25y2)

2. x15-y6z12=(x5)3-(y2z4)3=(x5-y2z4)(x10+x5y2z4+y4z8)
CASE 5: OTHER TRINOMIALS (trial and error)

FACTOR THE FOLLOWING

1. x2-x-6=(x+2)(x-3)
2. 6x2+7xy-20y2=(3x-4y)(2x+5y)
CASE 6: FACTORING BY GROUPING

FACTOR THE FOLLOWING

1. ax+ay-bx-by=a(x+y)-b(x+y)=(x+y)(a-b)
2. rs2-s-r2s+r=(r2s-s)-(r2s-r)=s (rs-1)-r(rs-1)=(s-r)(rs-1)
 02

BINOMIAL THEOREM
 BINOMIAL THEOREM
In the expression of (x + y)n the coefficient of the expansion can be obtained by Pascal Triangle.

Properties
1. The first term is xn
n=5 2. The last term is yn
3. The exponent of x decreases by 1.
4. The exponent of y increases by 1.
5. The sum of exponents of each term is n.
6. The number of terms is n+1.
7. The signs are alternating if y is negative
8. The coefficients of symmetrical terms are equal.

Example:
( x + y)5= 1x5 + 5x4y + 10x3y2 + 10x2y3 + 5xy2 + 1y5
 BINOMIAL THEOREM FORMULAS
1. rth term nCr-1 xn-(r-1) yr-1,

2. Term with yr nCr-1 xn-(r-1) yr-1, (when term free of x or independent of x, r=0)

3. Middle term If n=even, r=(1/2 n) +1 , proceed with rth term formula

4. Coefficient of next term Cnt = (𝐂oefficient of 𝐩revious 𝐭erm) (𝐄𝐱𝐩.𝐨𝐟 𝐗 𝐩revious 𝐭erm) / (𝐄𝐱𝐩
𝐨𝐟 𝐘 previous term + 𝟏)

5. Sum of coefficients S = (coefficient of x + coefficient of y)n

if the 2nd term is constant k

S=(coefficient of x+k)n –(k)n

6. Sum of exponents sum of exponents: S = n (n + 1)

if (xa + yb)n
S = ( 𝐧 (𝐧+𝟏)(𝐚+𝐛) )/ 2
 CASE 1: FIND THE rth term

1. Find the 3rd term of the expansion (2a3-5b)4

Formula: nCr-1 xn-(r-1) yr-1

Given: n=4, r=3, a=(2a3), b=(5b)

Solution: 4C3-1(2a3)4-(3-1)(5b)3-1
6(2a3)2(5b)2
6(4a6)(25b2)

Answer: 600a6b2
 CASE 2: FIND THE term involving yr
1. Find the term involving x3 in the
expansion (x2 + (1/x) )12
Step 1: SIMPLIFY THE BINOMIAL-> Formula: nCr-1 xn-(r-1) yr-1
(x2+x-1)12 Given: n=12, r=8, a=(x2), b=(x-1)
Formula: nCr-1 xn-(r-1) yr-1 Step 3: Solve for the term
Given: n=12, r=?, a=(x2), b=(x-1) 12C8-1(x2)12-8+1 (1/x)8-1
12C7 (x2)13-8(1/x)7
Step 2: Solve for r (focus on exponents) 12C7 x10. (1/x)7
12Cr-1 (x2)12-r+1. (x-1)r-1 12C7 x10/x7
(x2)13-r . (x)-r+1 Answer: 792x3
same base-add the exponents 26-2r-r+1
Equate it to 3, 26-3r+1=3
r=8
 CASE 3: FIND THE middle term
1. Find the middle term of (x/2 + 1/x)12

Formula: nCr-1 xn-(r-1) yr-1

n=12,The number of terms when expanded=13.

The middle term is the 7th term,
n=12, r=7, a=(x/2), b=(1/x)

Solution: 12C7-1(x/2)12-(7-1)(1/x)7-1
12C6 (x/2)6 (1/x)6
(924) (x6/64) (1/x6)
924/64=231/16
Answer: 231/16
CASE 4: FIND THE COEFFICIENT OF THE NEXT TERM

1. What is the numerical coefficient of the term next to

495x^8y^4?

Formula: Cnt = (𝐂oefficient of 𝐩revious 𝐭erm) (𝐄𝐱𝐩.𝐨𝐟 𝐗

𝐩revious 𝐭erm) / (𝐄𝐱𝐩 𝐨𝐟 𝐘 previous term + 𝟏)

Given: CPT=495 , Exp of x PT=8, Exp of yPT=4

Solution: Cnt= 495(8)/(4+1)

Answer: 792
CASE 5: FIND THE SUM OF THE COEFFICENTS

1. Find the sum of coefficients of (2x+y)10

Formula: S = (coefficient of x + coefficient of y)n

Solution: [2(1)+1]10
=59 049

Answer: 59 049
CASE 6: FIND THE SUM OF THE EXPONENTS

1. Find the sum of exponents (x+y)5

Formula: S = n (n + 1)

Solution:
S= 5(5+1)
Answer: 630
END OF PART
1