PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,

GOVERNMENT OF CHHATTISGARH, INDIA

( VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROJECT REPORT )

( Session-2022 )

(12 May - 15 June)

(RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PROJECT AND CONSTRUCTION)

Submitted by:- Guided by:-

Sandeep Kumar Shubham dashore
URN - 300102019098 (Assistant professor BIT Durg.)
ROLL NO - B-46
6th sem , Civil Engineering

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

"It is not possible to prepare a project report without the assistance &
encouragement of other people. This one is certainly no exception." At the very outset of
this report, we would like to extend our sincere & heartfelt obligation toward all the
personages who have helped us in this endeavour. Without their active guidance, help,
cooperation & encouragement. We would not have made headway in the project. We are
ineffably indebted to Mr. Sanjeev Guha Sir for conscientious guidance and
encouragement to accomplish this project.
We express our gratitude to all the PWD Division-1 fraternity for their constant effort to
deliver the learning content to us.

We extend our gratitude to our parents and family members, who have always supported
us morally as well as economically. Last but not the least, thanks to our fellow group
members for the stimulating discussions and for working together before the deadline.
Any omission in this brief acknowledgment does not mean a lack of gratitude. This report
presents an overview of the most current topics of interest related to the field of housing
and residential building construction.

The growth of the population had to deal with the community buildings to manage land
requirements. The planning of residential building by using norms and measurement
design structure of the residential building.

The main criteria for the construction of a community building is to ensure the group
housing and required social needs.

The design is carried out by focusing on the safety of the structure.Storage building of
design should be an analysis done by the STAAD Pro, software for truss membrane of
the above dome structure and effectively way BM and SF be calculated mainly.

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This report presents an overview of the most current topics of interest related to the
field of housing and residential building construction

The growth of the population had to deal with the community buildings to manage
land requirements. The planning of residential building by using norms and
measurement design structure of the residential building.

The main criteria for the construction of a community building is to ensure the group
housing and required social needs.

The design is carried out by focusing on the safety of the structure.

Storage building of design should be an analysis done by the STAAD Pro, software
for truss membrane of the above dome structure and effectively way BM and SF be
calculated mainly.

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 CONTENT

S.N. CHAPTER NAME P.G.N.

01 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT vi

02 ABOUT SITE vii

03 EXCAVATION AND FOUNDATION viii -ix

04 PLINTH LEVEL AND COLUMNS x

05 BUILDING MATERIAL xi - xvii

06 COMPONENTS OF STRUCTURE xviii- xxvi

07 EQUIPMENT OF BUILDING xxvii

08 CONCLUSION xxviii

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 01 - INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT

Construction is a process of constructing a building or infrastructure.

Building Construction is the process of adding structure to real
property. Construction of buildings and infrastructures plays an
important role in the development of countries. Construction differs
from manufacturing in which involves mass production of similar
items without a designated purchaser, while construction it takes
place on location for a known client.

" Large scale construction requires collaboration of

"
multiple disciplines, sometimes it referred as mega
projects.

Construction starts with planning of building or infrastructure for

construction, design of layout for construction and financing or
costing require for construction. A small-scale construction includes
the construction of houses, residential apartments, buildings, etc.
Large scale construction includes constructions of Residential
projects, bridges, infrastructures, etc. Large scale construction
requires collaboration of multiple disciplines, sometimes it referred as
mega projects.

Building constructions are made of public construction and private

construction. Public construction includes the construction under
government projects such as building of offices, construction of
bridges, railways, highways, mega projects, etc. Private construction
includes the construction of houses, apartments and complexes,
private building projects, etc.

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 ABOUT SITE
Our proposed visited site (Auditorium) is inside the science college
campus, Durg, (C.G).

The auditorium is fan shaped having sitting capacity of 750 peoples.

Contains a V.I.P room, 2 dressing rooms with connected bathrooms
and storage rooms, lobby area, 3 small seminar halls and parking.

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There are three main components to auditorium design projects:
1. The Main Seating Area
Seating is based on approximately 18 s.f. per person.
The guideline of 18 s.f. per person allows for aisle ways, sound and
light control areas, and entries that trap the light when late-comers
arrive.
View angles are critical components of seating layouts; every seat
should have a great one.
Acoustical control is a science, and the use of 3D computer models is
essential to develop the optimum “sound environment”.
Lake Central Auditorium
Lake Central High School

2. The Stage
the typical stage is 30-35 feet deep with a proscenium opening of 40-
50 feet wide and up to 30 feet tall. The side stage should be at least half
the size of the proscenium opening on each side.
Ideally, access to the stage is handicap accessible. You can accomplish
that with side aprons on the same level as the “cross-aisle.”
Computer-controlled stage rigging and LED theatrical lighting have
become standards in most performance venues.
LaPorte PAC
LaPorte High School – Performing Arts Center

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3. Support Spaces
One of the most important support areas is the set construction area.
This is a combination of storage, as well as space to build sets.
Don’t forget the dressing rooms.
Plan for a ticket booth, a “green room” that can double as rehearsal
and instructional space, and a general storage area.

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 03- EXCAVATION AND FOUNDATION

EXCAVATION
Excavation is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with
tools, equipment or explosives. It includes earthwork, trenching wall
shafts, tunnelling and underground. Excavation is used in construction
to create building foundations, reservoirs and roads.

PPC (PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE)

Plain cement concrete is also called Cement Concrete (CC) or Binding
Concrete. It is the mixture of cement fine aggregate (sand) and coarse
aggregate. It is used for levelling, bedding for footings, grade slabs,
concrete roads etc.
M15 grade concrete use in PCC between footing and soil. Its thickness
is 200 mm. And 40 mm size aggregate is use. And it is also use over
plinth level to plane the surface for super structure where its thickness
is 100 mm.

Used of P.C.C.
Plain cement concrete is used to provide a rigid impervious bed to
R.C.C. in the foundation where the earth is soft & yielding. It can be
used over brick flat soling or without brick flat soling.

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FOUNDATION
A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that transfers its
gravity loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two
categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations. A tall building
must have a strong foundation if it is to stand for a long time.
Types of foundation :-
1. Deep Foundation
2. Shallow Foundation

Deep Foundation :-
It is a types of foundation that transfer building loads to the earth farther
down from the surface than a shallow .

Shallow Foundation :-
A shallow foundation is a type of a building foundation that transfer
building loads to the earth very near to the surface ,than sub-surface
layer does a deep foundation .
Loads on foundation occur as:-
1. Dead loads
2. Live loads
3. Wind loads

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 04 - PLINTH LEVEL AND COLUMNS

PLINTH LEVEL

• The level at which sub-structure ends and superstructure starts is

called Plinth level .
• It is the part of the superstructure between natural ground level
and finished floor level .
• The plinth is provided to restrict the seepage of stormwater and
rainwater into the building .

COLUMNS

• The rectangular and square columns are used I building

construction .
• The rectangular columns have six no of rods and square columns
have four no of rods .
• The columns which takes loads are :-
➢ Slab loads
➢ Beam loads
➢ Wall loads
➢ Self weight of columns

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 05 - BUILDING MATERIAL

A building structure is composed of different types of the material these

materials are either called as Building materials. The material use in the
building on basis of the availability and cost for construction of
building material are as follows:-
1. Cement
2. Sand
3. Aggregate
4. Bricks
5. Reinforcement steel
6. Concrete
7. Water

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CEMENT

• Portland Pozzolana Cement is use our construction site.

• Grade of cement use is 43 and 53 grade.
• Portland pozzolana cement (PCC) conforming to IS : 1489 . A
combination of 25% flyash (from thermal power plant) with
clinker with pozzolana.This types of cement is largely used in
marine structure.
• Good quantity cement has the following features:-
1. Reduced water requirement.
2. Improve workability.
3. Less permissible to moisture.
4. Improved resistance to acid and chlorides .
5. Reduced heat of hydration.
6. Easier to finish.
7. Reduced shrinkage.
8. Reduced leaching problems because it is low as free lime.

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SAND

• The sand use is below 4.75 mm. Occur in natural state.

• There are cohesion less aggregate of either, rounded sub rounded
angular ,sub angular or flat fragments of more or less unaltered
rock of minerals consisting of 90% of particles of size greater than
0.06 mm and less than 2mm.
• There are three types of sand according to size are:- Coarse sand
Medium sand , Fine sand .
• Proper selection of sand is critical in the durability and
performance of concrete mixture . It should be :-
➢ Clear, angular and hard .
➢ Free from clay ,mice and soft , flaky material .
➢ Graded,which means it should be a mix of fine , medium
and coarse sand .
➢ Free from contaminates like sea salt .
➢ Content must be taken in to considered

FINE SAND COARSE SAND

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AGGREGATE

• 10mm and 20mm aggregate are use in our construction site.

• Aggregate is a general term applied to those insert (that
chemically inactive) material, which when bounded together by
cement form concrete. Most aggregate used in this country are
naturally occurring aggregate such as sand, crushed rock and
gravel.
• Aggregate for concrete are divided into three categories: -
➢ Fine Aggregate
➢ Coarse aggregate
➢ All in Aggregate.

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BRICKS

• Two types of bricks use in our construction site :- Red bricks and
Flyash bricks .
• Standard size of brick is 19 cm x 9cm x 9cm .
• Nominal size of brick is 20 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm .
• Red bricks are more stronger than flyash bricks but nowadays
mostly flyash bricks are use .
• In our construction the red brick are use below plinth level .
• The flyash are use in above plinth level as for construction of
walls .
• Flyash bricks are cheaper in rate and easy in making as compare
to red bricks .

FLYASH BRICK RED BRICK

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REINFORCEMENT STEEL

• Reinforcement steel is also known as RCC (Reinforced cement

concrete).
• If a material with high strength in tension, such as steel, is placed
in concrete, then the composite material reinforcement concrete
resists not only compression but also bending and other direct
tensile action.

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CONCRETE

• M20 mixture is use in plinth beam as well as in base.

• Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand and aggregate in proper
ratio according to their use.

WATER

The strength and durability of concrete depends also on the amount of

water mixed with it. Too much or too little water can adversely affect
the strength of concrete. After concrete is cast, water is used to cure it
so that the temperature is controlled and concrete matures slowly. It is
very important to use clean , potable water in quality concrete
production.

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 07 - EQUIPMENT OF BUILDING

CONCRETE MIXER MACHINE PLUMB -BOB

POINTED TROVEL 08 WOOD FLOAT

DUMP TRUCK SPADE

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 CONCLUSION

After visiting the site, I can truly understand the situation of the
construction site. I realized that working at the construction is much
more difficult then we used to think, as the terrible hot weather and the
existence of danger.
This site visit gave me a chance to have a better understanding about
the basics of the construction process. We have explored ourselves to
identify various types of building materials and technology on site.
By completing this project, we have a deeper understanding towards
the importance of building construction in architectural design. We are
able to explore construction design, structural analysis and load
distribution through this project. This gives us knowledge on different
joint methods and how each structure reacts to a system. Every single
structure in a system is as equally important to make it stand. Through
constructing structures and load testing, we were able to learn
important points that would help improvise our final structure.
We are greatly thankful to MST.SANJEEV GUHA SIR for not only
providing us the theoretical but also practical knowledge. We highly
appreciate your effort and knowledge that we have gained throughout
the internship will not only be helpful in academic perspective but also
be a great asset throughout the course of our life.

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