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SURFACE J639 DEC2011

VEHICLE
Issued 1953-04
STANDARD Revised 2011-12

Superseding J639 FEB2011

Safety Standards for Motor Vehicle Refrigerant Vapor Compression Systems

RATIONALE

This document covers refrigerant system design and safety related requirements for refrigerants used in mobile air
conditioning (MAC) systems and is being revised to comprehend R-1234yf. The current wording of 4.1.1 prohibits
refrigerants that are rated less than A2L which would exclude R-152a. Later in the document, J639 defines the fittings for
R-152a. The intent of this revision is to insure safe mobile air conditioning systems by forcing proper risk assessments
and appropriate design solutions while correcting this conflict with regards to R152a.

1. SCOPE

This SAE Standard applies to refrigerant vapor compression systems that provide cooling and/or heating for passenger
cars, light trucks and commercial vehicles (on and off road) that use automotive type mobile air conditioning [MAC]
systems. Large trucks, buses and other vehicles that do not use typical automotive a/c systems or use refrigerants not
listed in this document are not covered by this standard. This standard covers any vehicle with a MAC system using a
belt or electric motor driven compressor.

This document provides standards for design, assembly, test and service of MAC systems to minimize environmental,
health and safety impacts. Also included are cautionary statements for the service industry to alert technicians to the
inadvisability and possible health or safety effects associated with venting refrigerant during service. It is not intended to
restrict the use, or further development, of other types of refrigeration systems for mobile air conditioning applications.
This document may be amended or additional safety standards created should other systems become practical. This
document addresses only HFC-134a (R-134a), carbon dioxide (R-744), and HFO-1234yf (R-1234yf) refrigerants. To
prevent system contamination all refrigerants used in mobile air conditioning vapor compression systems require unique
service fittings and service equipment. The unique service fittings are intended to eliminate the potential for system
refrigerant cross-contamination during service activity.

CFC-12 (R-12) is no longer in use in new MAC systems. The service fitting description is maintained as a reference for
older vehicles still in use. When retrofitting an R-12 system to use R-134a or when removing R-12 (vehicle disposal) use
service equipment designed for R-12 and certified to meet the requirements of SAE J1990 (R-12 recovery and recycle
equipment).

HFC-152a is an A2 flammable refrigerant as classified by ASHRAE 34 and should be used only with a secondary loop
application. However, until MAC systems are developed to use R-152a (HFC-152a), no SAE Standards for system
design, service equipment or service procedures have been established. The R-152a service fittings described within this
Standard were established as part of the industries evaluation of replacement refrigerants and are maintained for future
design guidance and to prevent potential refrigerant cross contamination.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and
suggestions.
Copyright © 2011 SAE International
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 2 of 25

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Applicable Documents

The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the
latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.

2.1.1 SAE Publications

Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.

2.1.1.1 System Design Guidelines

SAE J2683 Refrigerant Purity and Container Requirements for Carbon Dioxide (CO2 R-744) Used in Mobile Air-
Conditioning Systems

SAE J2772 Measurement of Passenger Compartment Refrigerant Concentrations Under System Refrigerant
Leakage Conditions

SAE J2776 Refrigerant Purity and Container Requirements for New HFC-134a 1,1,1, 2-Tetrafluoroethane Refrigerant
Used in Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2844 R-1234yf (HFO-1234yf) New Refrigerant Purity and Container Requirements For Use in Mobile Air-
Conditioning Systems

2.1.1.2 System Components

SAE J2842 R-1234yf and R744 Design Criteria and Certification for OEM Mobile Air Conditioning Evaporator and
Service Replacements

2.1.1.3 Service Activities

SAE J2197 HFC-134a (R-134a) Service Hose Fittings for Automotive Air-Conditioning Service Equipment

SAE J2297 Ultraviolet Leak Detection: Stability and Compatibility Criteria of Fluorescent Refrigerant Leak Detection
Dyes for Mobile R-134a and R-1234yf (HFO-1234yf) Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2670 Stability and Compatibility Criteria for Additives and Flushing Materials Intended for Aftermarket Use in R-
134a (HFC-134a) and R-1234yf (HFO-1234yf) Vehicle Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2888 HFO-1234yf Service Hose, Fittings and Couplers for Mobile Refrigerant Systems Service Equipment

2.1.1.4 Technician Service Procedures

SAE J2845 R-1234yf [HFO-1234yf] and R-744 Technician Training for Service and Containment of Refrigerants Used
in Mobile A/C Systems
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 3 of 25

2.1.1.5 Service Equipment

SAE J1990 Recovery and Recycle Equipment for Mobile Automotive Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2099 Standard of Purity for Recycled R-134a (HFC-134a) and R-1234yf (HFO-1234yf) for Use in Mobile Air-
conditioning Systems

SAE J2209 CFC-12 (R-12) Refrigerant Recovery Equipment for Mobile Automotive Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2296 Retest of Refrigerant Container

SAE J2788 HFC-134a (R-134a) Recovery/Recycle/Recharging Equipment for Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2791 HFC-134a Refrigerant Electronic Leak Detectors, Minimum Performance Criteria

SAE J2810 HFC-134a (R-134a) Refrigerant Recovery Equipment for Mobile Automotive Air-Conditioning Systems
(Superseding J1732 NOV1998)

SAE J2843 R-1234yf [HFO-1234yf] Recovery/Recycling/Recharging Equipment for Flammable Refrigerants for
Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2851 R-1234yf [HFO-1234yf] Refrigerant Recovery Equipment for Mobile Automotive Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2912 Performance Requirements for R-134a and R-1234yf Refrigerant Diagnostic Identifiers for Use with
Mobile Air Conditioning Systems

SAE J2913 R-1234yf [HFO-1234yf] Refrigerant Electronic Leak Detectors, Minimum Performance Criteria

SAE J2927 R-1234yf Refrigerant Identifier Installed In Recovery and Recycling Equipment for Use With Mobile A/C
Systems

2.1.1.6 Retrofit Documents

SAE J1660 Fittings and Labels for Retrofit of CFC-12 (R-12) Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems to HFC-134a (R-134a)

SAE J1661 Procedure Retrofitting CFC-12 (R-12) Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems to HFC-134a (R-134a)

2.1.1.7 Reference Documents

SAE J51 Refrigerant 12 Automotive Air-Conditioning Hose

SAE J1627 Performance Criteria for Electronic Refrigerant Leak Detectors

SAE J1628 Technician Procedures for Refrigerant Leak Detection in Service of Mobile Air Conditioning Systems

SAE J1657 Selection Criteria for Retrofit Refrigerants to Replace CFC-12 (R-12) in Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J1658 Alternate Refrigerant Consistency Criteria for Use in Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J1659 Vehicle Testing Requirements for Replacement Refrigerants for CFC-12 (R-12) Mobile Air-Conditioning
Systems

SAE J1662 Compatibility of Retrofit Refrigerants with Air-Conditioning System Materials

SAE J1732 HFC-134a (R-134a) Refrigerant Recovery Equipment for Mobile Automotive Air-Conditioning Systems
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 4 of 25

SAE J1739 Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in Design (Design FMEA), Potential Failure Mode and Effects
Analysis in Manufacturing and Assembly Processes (Process FMEA)

SAE J1770 Automotive Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling Equipment Intended for Use with both R12 and R134a

SAE J1771 Criteria for Refrigerant Identification Equipment for Use with Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J1989 Recommended Service Procedure for the Containment of CFC-12 (R-12)

SAE J1991 Standard of Purity for Use in Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2064 R134a Refrigerant Automotive Air-Conditioned Hose

SAE J2065 Desiccant Testing for Vehicle Air Conditioning Systems

SAE J2196 Service Hose for Automotive Air Conditioning

SAE J2211 Recommended Service Procedure for the Containment of HFC-134a (R-134a)

SAE J2298 Ultraviolet Leak Detection: Procedure for Use of Refrigerant Leak Detection Dyes for Service of Mobile
Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2299 Ultraviolet Leak Detection: Performance Requirements for Fluorescent Refrigerant Leak Detection Dye
Injection Equipment for Aftermarket Service of Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems

SAE J2727 HFC-134a Mobile Air Conditioning System Refrigerant Emission Chart

SAE J2763 Test Procedure for Determining Refrigerant Emissions from Mobile Air Conditioning Systems

SAE J2765 Procedure for Measuring System COP [Coefficient of Performance] of a Mobile Air Conditioning System
on a Test Bench

SAE J2766 Life Cycle Analysis to Estimate the CO2-Equivalent Emissions from MAC Operation

SAE J2911 Procedure for Certification that Requirements for Mobile Air Conditioning System Components, Service
Equipment, and Service Technician Training Meet SAE J Standards

2.1.2 ASHRAE Publication

Current published documents available from ASHRAE, 17191 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.

ASHRAE 34 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants (ISO 817 draft)

2.1.3 Other Industry Standards

2.1.3.1 Applicable International Organization for Standardization [ISO] Documents

ISO 817 Refrigerants-Designation and Safety Classification

ISO/CD 13043 Road vehicles-Refrigerant systems used in Mobile Air Conditioning systems (MAC)-Safety requirements
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 5 of 25

2.1.3.2 Applicable American Heating and Refrigeration Institute [AHRI] documents

Available from Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute, 4100 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 200, Arlington, VA
22203, Tel: 703-524-8800, www.ahri.org.

AHRI Standard 700-2006 with Addendum 1: Specification for Fluorocarbon Refrigerants

2.1.3.3 Compressed Gas Association Publications

Available from Compressed Gas Association, 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor, Chantilly VA 20151-2923, Tel: 703-788-2700,
www.cganet.com.

2.1.3.4 ANSI Publications

Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-
4900, www.ansi.org.

ANSI /UL 969-1991 Standard for Marking and Labeling Systems

2.1.4 Regulatory Requirements

2.1.4.1 All refrigerants used in the USA shall comply with requirements for proper use as defined by the Environmental
Protection Agency’s [EPA] Significant New Alternatives Program (S.N.A.P.) Regulation.

2.1.4.2 Certain state regulations in the USA also reference SAE J639.

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 System Definitions

3.1.1 A mobile air conditioning system (MAC) provides occupant comfort and inclement weather window clearing, by
heating or cooling and dehumidifying the air that is delivered to the passenger compartment through various air
distribution outlets in the interior of the vehicle.

3.1.2 The heating phase may include the use of waste engine heat, electric heating elements or a refrigerant heat
pump cycle. The cooling phase is provided by a mechanical vapor compression refrigerant cycle referred to as a
refrigerant system. Air filtering devices (if equipped) protect the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
unit and occupants of the vehicle from certain particulate contaminants that can be in the airflow.

3.1.3 The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system is a module or an assembly of related modules that
includes the blower motor assembly, the evaporator and heater cores, air dampers, actuators and relevant
housings. It also includes an air distribution system and controls. The HVAC unit is usually located between the
vehicle firewall (front of dash) and the instrument panel and may be integrated into a cockpit assembly that
includes the instrument panel.

3.1.4 The air distribution system includes ducts, air inlet openings for outside or recirculation air and the outlet/grille
openings to the passenger compartment.

3.1.5 A mechanical vapor compression refrigerant system is used to condition the air for a passenger compartment of a
motor vehicle. The air conditioning refrigerant system is designed only to cool and dehumidify the air. A Heat
Pump refrigerant system provides a cooling/dehumidifying and heating mode.
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3.1.6 The refrigerant circuit is defined as follows:

3.1.6.1 The refrigerant system is connected by lines forming a closed loop refrigerant cycle, between system
components, where the refrigerant circulates at different temperatures and pressures The refrigerant lines
make connections between the system components including the compressor, condenser(s)/gas cooler,
refrigerant control device(s), evaporator(s), refrigerant storage devices (accumulator or receiver/drier) and (if
used) Internal heat exchanger/IHX.

3.1.6.2 The high-pressure side of the refrigerant system is defined as the portion of the circuit from the compressor
discharge port to the inlet of the refrigerant flow control device before the evaporator(s). Heat pump systems,
depending upon the operating mode (cooling or heating) will have different high or low side operating
pressures,

3.1.6.3 The low-pressure side of the refrigerant system is defined as all parts of the refrigerant system not included in
the definition of 3.1.6.2.

3.1.6.4 The refrigerant used as a heat transfer medium by absorbing heat at low temperatures and low pressures and
rejects heat at higher temperatures and higher pressures.

3.1.7 A MAC refrigerant system provides cooling for the passenger compartment by vaporizing refrigerant at the
evaporator. When a MAC refrigerant system is used as a heat pump the heat exchanger inside the vehicle
(normal cooling coil) acts as a condenser (gas cooler) and provides heat to the passenger compartment.

3.1.7.1 A multiple evaporator system uses a single compressor and condenser (gas cooler) but employs more than
one evaporator in parallel/series refrigerant paths. Additional evaporators are generally used to cool another
part of the passenger compartment or cool specific parts such as electrical/electronic components for hybrid or
electric vehicles.

3.1.8 A secondary loop system uses a primary refrigerant loop located in the engine compartment and a secondary
fluid loop with a circulating pump and a cooling core in the interior of the vehicle. This isolates the primary
refrigerant from the passenger compartment. The cooling core provides airflow into the passenger compartment
and replacing the traditional MAC evaporator. Secondary Loop system is sometimes called 'Indirect system'.

3.1.9 A refrigerant pressure relief device is a mechanically or electrically activated (not temperature actuated) valve or
rupture membrane designed to automatically relieve pressure to avoid exceeding the system maximum operating
pressure. The maximum system pressure is defined for each refrigerant in this standard.

3.1.10 Pressure sensors, temperature sensors, or pressure/temperature sensors may be used to control conditions in a
refrigerant circuit.

3.2 The refrigerant system can consist of:

3.2.1 A compressor (pump) that raises the pressure of the refrigerant vapor and, in so doing, also raises its
temperature.

3.2.1.1 The compressor mechanically increases the pressure of the refrigerant vapor by drawing the low temperature,
low pressure refrigerant from the evaporator or internal heat exchanger outlet and compressing it to a high
temperature, high pressure refrigerant to be sent to the condenser / gas cooler inlet.

3.2.1.2 The compressor can be belt driven using the engine or transmission or other power transmission source or
electrically driven (and/or hermetic (semi-hermetic).

3.2.1.3 The mechanically driven compressor is generally mounted on the engine and must be designed to accept the
varying refrigerant loads as well as the varying belt loads and speeds of the engine over the lifetime of the
vehicles.
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3.2.2 A condenser (gas cooler) is the heat exchanger (typically located in vehicle front end behind the air inlet grille)
which is used to reject heat to the ambient environment When the refrigerant system is operating as a heat pump
it operates as an evaporator and absorb heat from the ambient environment (or other energy source)..

3.2.2.1 In the condenser of a traditional MAC system, vaporized refrigerant is condensed to a liquid by removal of heat
from the refrigerant, which is released to the ambient airflow.

3.2.2.2 In a gas cooler, (e.g., R-744 system), heat is removed from a supercritical refrigerant in a trans-critical
refrigerant system.

3.2.3 An expansion or refrigerant metering device regulates the refrigerant flow into the evaporator. Typical refrigerant
flow control device may consist of: a thermal expansion valve (TXV); a fixed metering device (orifice tube or
ejector/capillary tube); an electronic expansion valve (EXV) or other expansion devices.

3.2.4 Sensors, wiring, hoses, tubing, connections, blower(s), cooling fan(s), non-evaporative heat transfer fluid
circulating pump (secondary loop systems) and mode selecting valves (for switching between Cooling and heat
pump systems) may also be used.

3.2.5 A receiver/drier (RD) or accumulator-dehydrator (AD) is used as a refrigerant storage device(s) that may also
contain desiccant material for moisture adsorption. An RD is used to separate liquid from a liquid/vapor mixture
to improve the liquid quality before expansion. An AD is used to separate vapor from a liquid/vapor mixture to
improve the quality of the vapor at the compressor inlet.

3.2.6 An Internal heat exchanger (IHX) is used to transfer heat between the low-pressure and high-pressure refrigerant
flow circuits. Its function is to improve system performance by further sub-cooling the refrigerant being supplied to
the evaporator through the refrigerant control device.

3.2.7 An evaporator(s) is an air to refrigerant heat exchanger, located in the HVAC module, used to cool and
dehumidify the air for the vehicle air conditioning system. When a MAC system is used as a heat pump it acts as
a condenser (gas cooler) providing heat to the passenger compartment,

3.3 Burst Pressure is the internal pressure which causes a component to structurally fail resulting refrigerant leakage.

3.4 All physical dimensions and units are expressed in SI units and all indicated pressures are in kPa gauge unless
otherwise noted

3.5 The component outside temperature is defined as the external (surface) temperature that the component may
achieve. This temperature could be influenced by the ambient surrounding the component, the convection heat
to or from circulating fluids, and the heat exchange by conduction and radiation to or from other components.
The component outside temperature is mainly dependant on the location of the component in the vehicle, the ambient
surrounding it, and its operating condition.

3.5.1 This temperature measurement of the component may reach its maximum when the refrigeration system is not
operating or when the charge is low.

3.6 The component inside temperature is the internal temperature of a component that the component will achieve at
any operating condition. It can be impacted by the air temperature surrounding the component, heat conductivity to
and from other components, heat convection to and from fluids circulating in the system, heat radiation to and from
other components, engine and vehicle speed, operating point of the system and the specific refrigerant used. This
temperature can be determined on the inner surface of the component. In most cases a significant temperature
difference between refrigerant flow and component inner surface does not occur.
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3.7 Working pressure is the measured refrigerant pressure in a component of the MAC system when it is in normal
operation. It may be referenced in gauge or absolute pressure values. This document use gauge values as
reference if not otherwise specified.

3.8 Maximum working pressure is the maximum pressure in a component of the MAC system (measured as gauge or
absolute pressure) for which the system is designed. It shall not exceed the systems pressure control devices
settings (e.g., electric shut off or mechanical pressure relief specification).

4. REFRIGERANTS

4.1 Safety Requirements for Refrigerants Used in Mobile Air Conditioning [MAC] Systems

4.1.1 The toxicity and flammability of the refrigerants or refrigerant blends, including their decompositions created as a
result of normal refrigerant system operating conditions, should be considered in the design of safe mobile air
conditioning systems and must be included in any risk assessments completed in the design process. All
refrigerants or potential refrigerants shall be classified for toxicity and flammability using either ASHRAE – 34 or
ISO 817,prior to usage in a production vehicle.

4.1.2 R-134a is considered non-toxic and non-flammable [ASHRAE A1] and does not require risk mitigation for
toxicity or flammability. Refrigerants that are classified as A (low toxicity) and 1 (non-flammable), similar to R-
134a require less formal risk assessments for toxicity or flammability. Formal risk assessments for toxicity
and flammability must be completed for all new refrigerants that are not rated A1 to insure risks are similar to
established refrigerants like R-134a (considered proven in usage).

4.2 Vehicle manufacturers are responsible for conducting risk assessments on all MAC system refrigerant components
when using a new refrigerant and confirm that the risk of injury and/or property damage is maintained at an
acceptable level. Such risk assessments shall be based on, but not limited to the following: all applicable SAE
Standards, other recognized authorities for toxicity and flammability, SAE J1739 - Potential Failure Mode and
Effects Analysis in Design (Design FMEA), Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in Manufacturing and
Assembly Processes (Process FMEA), or equivalent. Fault Tree Analysis or comparable risk assessment
techniques shall be employed and shall cover all aspects of vehicle use, including normal use, aging, service, end
of life, and vehicle collision.

4.2.1 Measurements of passenger compartment refrigerant concentrations used for risk analysis must comply with SAE
J2772 standard (Measurement of Passenger Compartment Refrigerant Concentrations under system refrigerant
leakage conditions)

4.2.2 Risk assessment shall follow SAE J2773 Refrigerant Guidelines Standards Safety and Risk Analysis for use in
Mobile Air Conditioning Systems

4.2.2.1 Vehicle manufacturers shall incorporate engineering design strategies to manage risks caused by any new
refrigerant system, comparable to existing R-12 and R-134a MAC systems. Such strategies shall be based on
risk assessments using SAE J1739 (FMEA) standard

4.3 Vehicles being serviced shall use only the refrigerant and charge amount specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
Use of incorrect refrigerants or charge amounts may result in premature system failure and an increased risk of
injury and/or property damage. As an exception, vehicles originally equipped with R-12 may be converted to R-
134a using SAE J1660 and SAE J1661 standards.

4.4 R-134a

HFC-134a,1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (CH2FCF3) thermodynamic properties are similar to R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane)

but without its ozone depletion potential. It has a boiling point of −26.3°C, a vapor pressure of 572 kPa absolute at 20°C,
and a global warming potential (GWP) of 1430. Its safety is proven in use.
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4.5 R-1234yf

HFO-1234yf, 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CF3CFCH2), is an olefin containing hydrogen, fluorine and carbon with
thermodynamic properties similar to R-134a. This refrigerant is a mildly flammable gas. It has a boiling point of –29.2°C, a
vapor pressure of 583 kPa absolute at 20°C, no ozone depletion potential, and a global warming potential (GWP) of 4.

4.6 R-744

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a natural refrigerant. It operates at high pressures when used in MAC systems. It has a boiling
point at -78,5 °C, a critical temperature of 31°C, a critical pressure of 7.38 MPa, a vapor pressure of is 5,73 MPa
absolute at 20°C, no ozone depletion potential, and a global warming potential (GWP) of 1

5. SYSTEM AND COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Refrigerant High-Pressure Side

5.1.1 Maximum Working Pressure

5.1.1.1 To prevent the unnecessary discharge of refrigerant during operation, the system shall have a means to limit
the compressor operation before any component failure occurs and before activation of any pressure relief
device.

5.1.1.2 R-744 Refrigerant

The maximum working pressure on the high-pressure side shall not exceed 17 MPa. (Absolute)

5.1.1.3 R-134a and R-1234yf Refrigerant

The maximum working pressure on the high-pressure side shall not exceed 4.14 MPa. Gauge [600 psig]

5.1.1.4 In no case shall any high-pressure side refrigerant pressure relief valves (or burst disks) have an activation
pressure greater than the maximum working pressure listed above.

5.1.2 Maximum Working Temperature

5.1.2.1 Carbon Dioxide Refrigerant R-744

The maximum component temperature at the outlet of the compressor including lines to the gas cooler shall not exceed
190 °C during intermittent (5 min) MAC system operation and 175 °C during continuous operation. The maximum working
temperature for the gas cooler shall not exceed 180°C during intermittent (5 min) operation and 165 °C during continuous
MAC system operation.

5.1.2.2 R-134a and R-1234yf Refrigerant

The maximum component temperature at the outlet of the compressor including lines to the condenser shall not exceed
160˚C during intermittent (5 min) MAC system operation and 150˚C during continuous vehicle operation of the mobile air
conditioning system.

5.2 Refrigerant maximum pressure on the low-pressure side [with system on or off]

5.2.1 R-744 refrigerant

The maximum working (or system off) pressure on the low-pressure side shall not exceed 13.0 MPa. (Absolute)
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5.2.2 R-134a Refrigerant

The maximum pressure on the low-pressure side shall not exceed 1.38 MPa (according to saturation pressure of R-134a
at 54 °C).

5.2.3 R-1234yf Refrigerant

The maximum pressure on the low-pressure side shall not exceed 1.46 MPa (according to saturation pressure of R-
1234yf at 56 °C).

5.3 Compressor Design Requirements

Compressor assemblies shall be designed to incorporate devices that will cut off transmission of power to the
compressor, in the event a compressor internal structural failure results in excessive compressor torque. Such devices
shall be incorporated into the compressor pulley or compressor itself or implemented in vehicle software. These devices
will aid in the prevention of ejection of components caused by rupture or fragmentation of the housings wall.

5.4 Evaporators Design Requirements

5.4.1 Evaporators for use in R-744 and R-1234yf systems shall meet the requirements of SAE J2842 Standard (HFO-
1234yf and R-744 Design Criteria and Certification for OEM Mobile Air Conditioning Evaporator and Service
Replacements) which includes labeling requirements.

5.4.2 Vehicles equipped with R-744 or R-1234yf refrigerant system evaporator(s) shall include in their service manual
that only new and SAE J2842 certified evaporator(s) shall be used as replacement parts.

5.5 Pressure Relief Devices

5.5.1 The refrigerant high-pressure side shall have a pressure relief device located in the high pressure side of the
compressor or immediately adjacent to the compressor discharge fitting. The device shall be vented outside of
the passenger, trunk and storage compartments and MAC air distribution system. These devices shall be
designed to minimize direct impingement of the refrigerant and oil on hot surfaces.

5.5.2 The refrigerant system high-pressure side relief device as identified in 5.5.1 shall be self-sealing. In no case shall
the maximum release (blow off) pressure be greater than the maximum refrigerant working pressure.

5.6 Refrigerant Sensing Devices

5.6.1 When servicing a replaceable sensing device (e.g., pressure, temperature) attached to any MAC component in
the refrigeration system circuit and in direct contact with the refrigerant, it shall be designed to prevent
unexpected separation and/or rapid release of refrigerant.

5.6.2 Sensors intended to be replaced while the refrigeration system is charged (under pressure) shall have a self
sealing (e.g., valve core) fitting on the refrigerant side component to prevent significant refrigerant release should
the sensor be removed. The sensor assembly shall have the female thread and the component it mounts to shall
have the male thread to identify that the component can be removed while the system is under pressure.

5.6.3 Sensors that are intended to be replaced from a discharged refrigeration system (not under pressure) shall
employ a male thread while the female thread shall be used on the refrigeration system component to which the
sensor is mounted. The sensor male thread connection shall have sufficient length and a venting action such that
service personnel would be alerted by only a limited refrigerant release before total mechanical separation takes
place.
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6. BURST PRESSURE

6.1 System Burst Pressure Requirements

6.1.1 New components (not previously subjected to cycling fatigue stresses) on the high-pressure side of the system
shall have a burst pressure not less than two times the defined maximum high side working pressure. [See
Section 5.1] Refrigerant-specific requirements are noted in the applicable refrigerant section(s).

6.1.2 Components of R-744 systems which may be subject to tensile strength reduction as a consequence of
significant temperature and pressure stresses (e.g., compressor outlet chamber, gas cooler, and connecting
piping between these components) shall be tested as follows:

6.1.2.1 Burst testing shall be completed on components that have been exposed to the appropriate system operating
conditions to simulate the refrigerant system life (temperature, pressure, pressure cycling, vibration, corrosion,
etc.) in correlation of vehicle usage (applies to R-744 only).

6.1.2.2 After the exposure (in 6.1.2.1) burst pressure shall not be less than 1.5 times the maximum working pressure
when tested at the maximum operating temperature (applies to R-744 only).

6.1.3 Adjacent cavities internal to the compressor which are exposed to different pressures during system operation
(high-side cavity adjacent to a low-side cavity) shall be burst tested at worse case conditions. Cavities exposed
to the high-side pressure shall be burst tested at twice the maximum high-side working pressure, as described in
5.1 while the adjacent low side pressure cavity is maintained at a pressure not to exceed the maximum low-side
working pressure, as described in 5.2. This test applies separately to both: (1) any discharge chamber adjacent to
a suction chamber and (2) the crankcase chamber adjacent to any discharge chamber. The test shall be
conducted at room temperature 21 °C +/-5 °C.

6.1.4 Components (not previously subjected to cycling fatigue stresses) on the low-pressure side of the system shall
have a burst pressure not less than two times the maximum low side pressure as specified in Section 5.2.

6.1.5 Components designed for the low-pressure side in cooling mode that are used in a heat pump system shall have
an ultimate burst pressure not less than two times the maximum heat pump system working pressure.

7. SERVICE PORT FITTINGS

7.1 The refrigeration system shall have low side and high side service [port] fittings and shall be fitted with protective or
sealing caps. The service fittings should be rigidly connected to the refrigerant lines or components in a location
such that attaching and removing the service couplings do not permanently deform the piping. Only the specified
fittings in this standard may be used for service connections.

7.2 The high and low side pressure service fittings shall be unique to each other and unique for each refrigerant used in
MAC systems. Service fittings are identified in this standard. This will prevent the unintentional mechanical
connection of a low-pressure container or service hose to the high-pressure side of the system and potential
system refrigerant cross-contamination. Service fittings shall be located (engine compartment vehicle body
locations) and being easily accessible to attach service equipment service hoses.

7.3 To prevent mixing of R-12 and R-134a refrigerants in mobile A/C system service, Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the low
and high-pressure fittings for R-12 refrigerant. These fittings are shown for reference to create and verify adaptors
to retrofit older MAC systems to R-134a. Figure 3a & 3b illustrate the high and low-pressure fittings for R-134a. The
internal threads are optional for R-134a sealing caps and no external threads are allowed on the fittings.

7.3.1 Fitting adaptors shall not be created to allow conversion between any refrigerants other than R-12 to R-134a.
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 12 of 25

FIGURE 1 - R-12 LOW SIDE SERVICE FITTING

FIGURE 2 - R-12 HIGH SIDE SERVICE FITTING

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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 13 of 25

FIGURE 3A - R-134a HIGH SIDE SERVICE FITTING (DIMENSIONS ARE METRIC)

FIGURE 3B - R-134a LOW SIDE SERVICE FITTING (DIMENSIONS ARE METRIC)

7.4 Figure 4 and portions of Table 1 (Refrigerant Service Fitting Dimensions) define the preliminary design for R-152a
service fittings No external threads are allowed on these fittings. These specific service fittings were established as
part of the industry’s evaluation of Lower GWP refrigerants and are maintained for future design guidance to
prevent potential refrigerant cross contamination between MAC systems.

7.4.1 The R-152a service fittings dimensions are provisional and shall not be used pending final production
commercialization and use of the refrigerant has been established.
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 14 of 25

FIGURE 4 - R-152A (HFC-152A) SERVICE FITTINGS HIGH AND LOW SIDE

NOTE: Service fittings dimensions are provisional and shall not be used pending final production commercialization and
use of the refrigerant has been established.

7.5 R-744 Service Fittings

7.5.1 Figure 5 and portions of Table 1 (Refrigerant Service Fitting Dimensions) define the preliminary design for R-744
service fittings. No external threads are allowed on these fittings.

7.5.1.1 The R-744 service fittings dimensions are provisional and shall not be used pending final production
commercialization and use of the refrigerant has been established.

7.5.2 The high side pressure fitting shall be located only on the higher-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit regardless
of operating mode (air conditioning or heat pump). The high- side fitting for R-744 shall be located downstream of
the gas cooler outlet. The low-pressure side fitting shall also be located only on the lower pressure side of the
refrigerant circuit regardless of operating mode (air conditioning or heat pump). The high side fitting shall be the
larger diameter of the two fittings.
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 15 of 25

FIGURE 5 - CARBON DIOXIDE R-744 SERVICE FITTINGS HIGH AND LOW SIDE

NOTE: Service fittings dimensions are provisional and shall not be used pending final production commercialization and
use of the refrigerant has been established.

7.6 Figure 6 and portions of Table 1 (Refrigerant Service Fitting Dimensions) define the service fittings established for
R-1234yf. No external threads are allowed on these fittings. The high side fitting shall be the larger diameter of the
two fittings.
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 16 of 25

FIGURE 6 - R-1234YF SERVICE FITTINGS HIGH AND LOW SIDE

8. SERVICE FITTING QUICK COUPLER

8.1 Quick release service charge couplers used in conjunction with the service fittings in Figures 3 through 6 shall have
a pressure relief feature to prevent coupling blow-off during installation and removal.

8.1.1 The coupler depressor shall have a concave radius of 1.9 mm to provide a self-alignment feature to the valve pin
as shown in Figure 7.

8.1.2 The coupling depressor travel that activates the valve core shall have a pin located at “breach of seal” from the
face of the fitting as identified in Table 1 (Refrigerant Service Fitting Dimensions) for each refrigerant.

8.1.2.1 The pin depression location is defined as the pin being in end position at maximal open valve. Pin depression
location may be increased in factory applications based on the capability of the valve design.

8.1.2.2 “Breach of seal” is defined as the point that the valve starts to open and the pressure integrity of the valve is
breached and allowing communication between the coupler and the refrigerant in the MAC system.
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 17 of 25

8.1.2.3 Charge couplings shall open refrigerant communication to the service hose according to the mandatory-
dimensioned features shown in Table 1.

8.1.2.4 All service charge couplings used in conjunction with fittings in Figures 3 through 6 shall have a pressure relief
feature to prevent coupling blow-off during installation and removal. The coupler depressor shall provide a self-
alignment feature.

8.1.2.5 All service couplings used in conjunction with fittings in Figures 3 through 6 shall have a separate and distinct
action (screw, lever, etc.) to open and close the service valve in addition to the coupler quick connect
attachment to the valve housing. Also, the service coupler must not be able to uncouple from the service valve
with the valve open.

8.1.2.6 Charge couplings used in conjunction with service fittings shall comply with the all SAE requirements for the
corresponding refrigerant.

8.1.2.7 The charge service coupling must be designed for sealing on the outer diameter of the charge port to prevent
leakage due to variation in the charge port end configuration as described in SAE J2888.

FIGURE 7 - SERVICE FITTINGS PIN DESIGN

TABLE 1 - REFRIGERANT SERVICE PORT FITTING DIMENSIONS

R-134a R-134a R-152a R-152a R-744 R-744 R-1234yf R-1234yf

High Side Low Side High Side Low Side High Side Low Side High Side Low Side
Valve Valve Valve Valve Valve Valve Valve Valve
OD 16 13 15 14.1 18.1 16.6 17 14
±0.15 mm ±0.15 mm +0/-0.2 mm +0/-0.2 mm +0/-0.2 mm +0/-0.2 mm +0/-0.2 mm +0/-0.2 mm
Pin location
at breach
of seal 6.1 - 7.1 mm 6.1 - 7.1 mm 9.45 - 10.2 mm 9.45 - 10.2 mm 4.5 - 5.5 mm 4.5 - 5.5 mm 8.3 - 9.3 mm 8.3 - 9.3 mm
Pin depression
location 7.8 - 8.3 mm 7.8 - 8.3 mm 11.65 - 10.9 mm 11.65 - 10.9 mm 6.2 - 6.7 mm 6.2 - 6.7 mm 10 - 10.5 mm 10 - 10.5 mm
Min coupling
clearance 18.4 mm 19.4 mm 24 mm 25.6 mm 24.3 mm 28.3 mm 22.7 mm 18.4 mm

NOTE: R-152a and R-744 Service fittings dimensions are provisional and shall not be used pending final production
commercialization and use of the refrigerant has been established.
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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 18 of 25

9. SERVICE FITTING CAPS

9.1 MAC systems using R-134a, R-152a or R-1234yf shall use a sealed service-fitting cap. The cap seal feature may
be internal within the cap or on the surface of the service fitting (Example - shown in Figure 8).

O-ring Groove

FIGURE 8 - SERVICE FITTING O-RING CAP SEAL

9.2 MAC systems shall have fitting caps that provide a covering to minimize dirt/dust from entering the service fittings.
Caps for R-744 fittings shall have a vent so that refrigerant cannot become trapped under the cap posing a safety
concern when removed (potential for cap to become a projectile and/or create a potentially harmful spray of
refrigerant).

9.3 All refrigerant systems having service fitting caps identified in 9.1 and 9.2 should have a device that assures the
cap cannot easily be misplaced during service. (Example: A strap may be used to tether the cap to the service
fitting as identified in Figure 9.)

FIGURE 9 - EXAMPLE: SERVICE CAP AND TETHER

10. REQUIREMENTS FOR MAC SYSTEM LABELING

10.1 A plainly legible and durable refrigerant label (defined below) shall be mounted in a clearly visible location under
hood that does not require the removal of any parts or covers to be read. If this label is attached to another
serviceable or replaceable part, then that part must be supplied in service with a new label meeting all the
requirements specified in this document. (If vehicle has single and multiple evaporator systems, multiple
replacement labels shall be supplied with the service part along with proper installation instructions. One label
showing both charges is also acceptable.)

10.2 The refrigerant label may use symbols in place of words. Figure 10 shows the approved symbols with their
meanings. The label requires only the symbols appropriate for the refrigerant used in the specific MAC system. An
example of a label for R-1234yf using symbols is shown in Figure 11 (using 0.726 kg or 726 g of refrigerant
charge). An example (using symbols) of an R-744 label is shown in Figure 12. The same is shown in Figure 13 for
an R-134a label.
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10.2.1 Label Requirements when using symbols

For R-1234yf and R-744, the label shall use PMS color standards (Pantone Orange [151] or yellow per ANSI Z535
“caution” and Pantone Black and White or equivalents). The label material and construction shall conform to all
specifications and requirements appropriate for the intended installed location in the engine compartment. The label shall
remain permanently attached and legible for the life of the vehicle. Testing of decals shall meet ANSI/UL 969-1991.

10.2.2 The nameplate or label shall: identify the refrigerant; state the amount of refrigerant charge in grams (or kilograms
to three decimal places); include the flammability symbol if the refrigerant is flammable; , identify the lubricant
(PAG or POE); include the name or logo of the original equipment vehicle manufacturer responsible for design
compliance to SAE J639 standard.. The label shall include the certified technician symbol and reference meeting
SAE J2842 and SAE J2845 standards for R-1234yf and R-744 systems. The label shall include the service
manual symbol for R-134a systems. The label, with all the above information, shall have a minimum size of 60mm
by 30mm. It shall have text in bold-type letters having a minimum of 3 mm in height for identifying refrigerant,
lubricant type and refrigerant charge amount. The label size can be increased as needed to accommodate
additional information.
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10.2.3 Label Symbols and Specific Meaning

Symbol Name Reference Graphic

Caution ISO 7000 0434

Air Conditioning System ISO 2575 D01

(MAC)

MAC System Lubricant Type

(PAG –POE)

See Vehicle Service Manual For MAC Service Information

Requires Registered Technician to Service MAC System

Flammable Refrigerant

For Safety System

Components Shall Be Replaced

Shall Not Be Repaired or Salvaged For Reuse

FIGURE 10 - SYMBOLS
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10.2.4 Optional (symbol only) Label Designs for R-1234yf and R-744 (Figures 11 and 12)

FIGURE 11 - R-1234YF VEHICLE LABEL

FIGURE 12 - R-744 VEHICLE LABEL

FIGURE 13 - OPTIONAL R-134a VEHICLE LABEL

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SAE J639 Revised DEC2011 Page 22 of 25

10.3 The optional nameplate or tag for systems that do not use symbols, shall include identification of the refrigerant,
shall indicate the lubricant type, and the amount of refrigerant charge. The nameplate or tag shall contain the name
of the refrigeration system manufacturer or the merchandiser responsible for design compliance with this document.
It shall also reference appropriate repair practices. The plate or tag shall also state.

CAUTION SYSTEM CONTAINS REFRIGERANT XXX UNDER HIGH PRESSURE-TO BE SERVICED

ONLY BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL” (XXX should be replaced by actual refrigerant type.)

11. SHOP (SERVICE) MANUALS AND OWNER’S (MANUALS) GUIDES

11.1 For all refrigerants covered by this document, the shop (service) manual for each vehicle shall include all of the
information of Section 10.1 including: identification of the refrigerant used; recommended amount of refrigerant
charge; precise lubricant specification type and amount; flammability, high pressure, and/or toxicity of the
refrigerant (if applicable) and all SAE references. Specific information for both single and multiple evaporator
systems should be included (If applicable).

11.2 For all refrigerants covered by this document, the owner’s (manual) guide shall contain the refrigerant name, charge
amount, and lubricant specification and amount.

11.3 Additional requirements for shop manuals and owner’s (manual) guide for vehicles equipped with R-744 and R-
1234yf

11.3.1 The owner’s (manual) guide shall reference J2845 Technician Training for Safe Service and Containment of
Refrigerants Used in Mobile A/C Systems (R-744, and HFO-1234yf) and clearly state that the refrigerant system
should only be serviced by trained and certified technicians to insure proper and safe operation.

11.3.2 The owners and shop service (manual) guide shall state that the air conditioning evaporator (cooling coil) shall
never be repaired or replaced with one removed from a used or salvaged vehicle and that new replacement MAC
evaporators shall be certified (and labeled) as meeting SAE Standard J2842 HFO-1234yf and R744 Design
Criteria and Certification for OEM Mobile Air Conditioning Evaporator and Service Replacements

11.3.3 R-744 and R-1234yf MAC systems that have SAE standards and requirements associated with servicing shall be
clearly identified in the shop (service) manual. This shall include, but not limited to: replacement components;
special tools and equipment required; processes and procedures and technician certification and training. The
shop (service) manual shall also contain information on the disabling of used or salvaged evaporators.

11.4 The symbols and definitions, found in Figure 10, shall be included in both the vehicle shop (service) manual and
owners (manual) guide if used on the vehicle label.

11.5 Replacement refrigerant label(s) must be applied as specified when replacing a part to which it is attached.

12. REFRIGERANT LINE ROUTING AND REFRIGERANT CONNECTIONS

12.1 R-134a Refrigerant

12.1.1 The safety of R-134a MAC refrigerant systems have been proven in use. No restrictions apply for arrangement
and positioning of refrigerant system connections, components, piping or pressure relief valves beyond current
manufacturer’s best practices and design guidelines.
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12.2 With R-1234yf and R-744

12.2.1 Refrigerant systems connections shall be:

• Located outside the passenger compartment and outside the cabin airflow path.

Or

• Designed to prevent leakage if the connections are located inside the cabin or in the cabin air flow path, and for safety
to follow the service and repair leakage recommendations

12.2.2 Service procedures shall be defined in the service shop manual to state the process to prevent any leakage of
refrigerant connections in the cabin (or in airflow path).

12.3 All MAC system service fittings shall be located for ease of attachment of service hoses and shall be designed to
minimize direct impingement of refrigerant on the service technician. Piping shall be of robust design to avoid
damage or permanent deformation while connecting / disconnecting the service hose coupling(s) from factory
charging and service equipment.

12.4 R-744

12.4.1 R-744 gas coolers shall be designed such that breakage/leakage during a vehicle collision does not cause a
hazard due to projectile fragmentation outside the vehicle. The material selection shall be sufficiently ductile to
prevent small segments from fragmenting.

12.4.2 The mechanical strength of R-744 hose/pipe crimps should be sufficient to avoid mechanical separation
(disconnection) at the crimp to avoid rapid uncontrolled movement of the hose (whipping). If this is not
achievable, hoses shall be restrained in the area of the crimp to prevent rapid uncontrolled movement.

13. WORK PLACE REQUIREMENTS

When servicing, maintaining or repairing MAC systems using flammable refrigerants (mildly flammable or higher) the work
place shall meet all applicable national, regional or local regulations for work place safety as related to high pressure or
flammable gases.

14. TECHNICIAN SERVICE PRACTICES

14.1 Avoid breathing any refrigerant vapor and lubricant mist. To remove refrigerant from a MAC system, use service
equipment designed for recovery and removal that is certified to meet the requirements of the appropriate SAE
Standards.

14.2 Do not increase pressure, in any R-134a, or R-1234yf mobile A/C system with shop air or another refrigerant
such as HCFC-22 (R-22) for leak checking, due to potential chemical reactions, flammability of air/R-134a at
elevated pressure, contamination of the system, and possible structural damage to the system.

14.3 Meeting the requirements of SAE J2845 provides information and guidelines for technicians working on R-744
and R-1234yf refrigerant systems, for their personal safety.

14.4 To prevent accidental release of refrigerant and minimize safety concerns, the installation of any refrigerant service
equipment to the vehicle shall only be done with the engine off and after the refrigerant high side pressure has been
reduced (approximately 2 to 3 min).
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14.5 R-134a refrigerant

To remove R-134a from a MAC system use only recovery and recycle equipment designed for R-134a and certified to
meet the requirements of SAE J2788 or SAE J2810. When retrofitting to remove R-12 from the A/C system, use service
equipment designed for R-12 recovery/recycling certified to meet the requirements of SAE J1990.

14.6 R-744 refrigerant

Due to the higher pressures associated with R-744 refrigerant, recovery and recharging of MAC systems shall only be
appropriate when new SAE J Standards are developed for service equipment designed and certified to meet the
appropriate SAE J Standards. Un-controlled release of R-744 refrigerant in the work area may result in high
concentrations of carbon dioxide that can be hazardous. Servicing of R-744 systems shall only be done in well-ventilated
work areas.

14.7 Service Hoses for all Refrigerants

14.7.1 Service hoses shall meet all SAE requirements for the corresponding refrigerant.

14.7.1.1 All service hoses for use in MAC systems with R-134a shall meet SAE Standard J2197.

14.7.1.2 All service hoses for use in MAC systems with R-1234yf shall meet SAE Standard J2888.

14.7.1.3 All service hoses for use in MAC systems with R-744 shall meet appropriate SAE Standards when they are
developed.

14.8 R-1234yf Refrigerant

14.8.1 To remove R-1234yf from the A/C system use service equipment designed for recovery/recycling/recharging
certified to meet the requirements of SAE J2843 or J2851 HFC-1234yf recovery equipment that allows for off-site
refrigerant reprocessing. Un-controlled release of R-1234yf refrigerant in the work area may result in high
concentrations of R-1234yf that can be flammable. Servicing of R-1234yf systems shall only be done in well-
ventilated work areas.

14.9 Refrigerant Purity

14.9.1 All refrigerants shall meet the corresponding SAE purity standards.

14.9.1.1 All R-744 refrigerants shall meet the purity level as defined in SAE standard J2683

14.9.1.2 All R-134a refrigerants shall meet the purity level as defined in SAE standard J2776

14.9.1.3 All R-1234yf refrigerants shall meet the purity level as defined in SAE standard J2844

14.9.2 Recycled Refrigerant

14.9.2.1 All recycled R-134a and HFO-1234yf refrigerants shall meet the purity levels defined in SAE standard J2099

14.9.2.2 All R-744 refrigerants shall not be recycled and reused, but must be handled according to appropriate SAE
standards when they are developed or by any legal standards that is more restrictive than the SAE standard.

14.9.3 All refrigerants recovered with recovery only equipment, that can be recycled but not processed by the
appropriate on-site recycling equipment shall be sent off-site to a refrigerant processing facility. Refrigerant
returned from an off-site refrigerant processing facility shall meet the corresponding SAE refrigerant purity
standard for new refrigerant.
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15. CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

15.1 Cautionary statements are required to alert the MAC industry to the inadvisability and the possible hazards
associated with venting refrigerants in the workspace. It is intended that these cautionary statements be required
for inclusion in all publications dealing with the servicing of refrigerant for MAC systems. These cautions shall be
included in the vehicle owner’s (manual) guide and shop (service) manuals for the vehicle. Additional health and
safety information may be obtained from lubricant and refrigerant manufacturers.

15.2 Refrigerant Safety

The proper handling procedures should be followed for all refrigerants as designated by the refrigerant manufacturer’s
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

15.3 Service personnel shall be aware of the high pressure relief valve location when servicing the vehicle. Service
personnel shall not be under the vehicle when charging the refrigerant system due to potential sudden release of
the high pressure relief valve.

16. LUBRICANTS

16.1 Use only the lubricant specified for service by the vehicle manufacturer for the refrigerant system. Use of an
incorrect lubricant may result in premature component failure.

16.2 Mixing of unapproved lubricants may result in system contamination and unknown reaction by-products.

16.3 Use of non-specified oil or mixing of incorrect oils in electric compressor systems can result in a ground fault in
hybrid and electric vehicles and may result in improper vehicle/compressor operation.

17. ADDITIVES

17.1 Any chemical additive used in MAC refrigerant systems shall be chemically compatible with the total refrigerant
system and shall meet the following requirements and shall be considered in the risk assessment of the system:

17.1.1 SAE standard J2670 addresses these requirements when used with R-134a and R-1234yf refrigerants.

17.2 All refrigerant dyes shall meet the requirements for each MAC refrigerant system.

17.2.1 R-134a and R-1234yf dyes shall meet SAE J2297 requirements.

18. SERVICE EQUIPMENT FOR MAC SYSTEMS

18.1 All service equipment shall meet the appropriate SAE J standards requirements

18.2 SAE standard J1739 (Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis [FMEA]) or equivalent procedures shall be
applied to the development of service equipment and its use by the manufacturer of the service equipment

19. NOTES

19.1 Marginal Indicia

A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions,
not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document
title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in
original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.

PREPARED BY THE SAE INTERIOR CLIMATE CONTROL STANDARDS COMMITTEE