CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST SIGNIFICANCE ' undh comsycted load hig methyh covers the’ determination lor’ the’ Bedrine ratio of soil (Bnd tested inl ‘ERS laWoratoky by /seNpddithg: the: peretyation Wy to that’ of a svawdakelwaterdal,! Besieally thes test of the Javolves iheasuxing the resistance of soil to penetfation by a standard cylindrical piston, expressed as a percentage fraction of a standard tieistance which was originally measured in tests on a ‘good"quality crushed ro Thus, to gay that a soil or aggregate has a CBR value of 20 ‘means that in the condition tested, the resistance to penetration of the standard pigton was 20% of the standard resistance of a compacted crushed stone (1360.8 kg load at a penetration of 2.54 mm). APPARATUS 1. Molds - The mold shall be cylindrical in’ shape, made of metal, with an internal diameter of 152.4 + 0.66 imi and a height of 177.8 + 0.66 mm provided with ah extension collar’ approximately 51 mm in height and a perforated bdse plate that can be fitted te either end of the mold 2. Spaceg disk - A circular spacer disk wade of metal, 150.8 + 0.8 mm in diameter and 61.4 + 0.1 mit.in Height. 3. Rammer - A rammer weighing 2.49 ikg ahd having a 50.8 /mm diameter ‘ circular striking face, or sectliz, face of the game area, It is equipped to control the height gf d¥op to a free fall of 305 mm on | abova}the top ele ration of the is@Hity)/! | : i { od t fillet Thad atadhd Ge 4 o. thpanbion - ‘Meabiring aparatus |HinHLé Hbhgises ot! dileeld plate _ wityfadjustablp stem nd exiggd /MUHBDEE for 9 dial indicator. the Wfwell plate) is made of imgtal) | £4802 mw diamdter and “is Qted with 1.6 nm diameter holes,’ fhe. tiipod used to support. perfe inged to fit the Hold extension collar. the dial indicator is a: 5. Indicators - Two dial indicators; eac!) indicator shall have a 25 miu throw and read to 0.02 mm, 6. Weights - One annular metal weight and several siotted “metal weights weighing 2.27 kg each, 149.2 mm dlameter with a center hole $4.0 mm in diameter. 7. Penetration piston - A metal piston of Gircular cross section raving a diameter of 49.63 + 0.13 mm [area = 1935 mm*) and not “loss than 102 mn long. 2, uoaddng device - A compressiontire appdratus - capable of applying a uniformly increasing load/up to 44.5 1 at a rate of ie3 mm per min., used to force the penetration piston into the specimen. : 9. Soaking tank - A soaking tank suitable for ‘maintaining the water level 25.0 mm above the top of specimens a oan)i Drying oven ~ A thermostaticiily controlled drying oven capable osymaintaining @ temperature Yf.110| #°5°C |(230. t 9°F) for drying a ee fr . 11, Mibcelianeous [tools such ds jnixihg) pans, spoons, straightedge, rigker paper) balances, ete. | PLE oehare | Sample in accordance with, AASHTO T 99 (Method ¢) except that Af shall weigh 35 kg or more. Material passing the 50.0 mm clove and retained on the 18.0 mm sieve shall be replaced with material passing the 19.0 im sieve and retained en the 4.75 (No. d) mm sieve. elect 2 sleetesentative portion weighing approximately i1 ky for a seria gs cansity best and divide the remainder of the sample to ortain 3 representative portions weighing approximately €.9 kg each MOTSTURE-DENSI'TY RELATION Going She 12 ka portion, determine the optimum moisture content, and maadmum dry density in accordance with the method described in Compaction Test/Moisture Density Relations Test of seqa. PROCEDORE \- Normally, 3 specimens must be compacted sd that their compacted ffagities tange from 95 percent, (or lowe) to 100 percent {or higher) of the maximum dry density. : Note 1 Generally about 10, 30, and 65 blows per layer are suitable Sox compacting specimens 1, 2, :and3, espectively. More than Se blows per layer are generally required to mold 2 CBR specinen to Teeepercent Of the maximum dry density determined by MASHTO > So i (Method D); This is due to the «sample for the moisture-density : kest being reused, while the sample for the CAR specinen is mince and compacted only once, | Note 2 -- some iaboratories may prefer to test only one specimen, wears tte be compacted to maximum dry density at optim Be core Content as determined in ‘The Moisture-Dengity Relations ill of Soil. a \ 2. Clamp the mold to the base plate,’ attach thc extendion colla: and weigp fo the nearest Sg. Insert the spacer disk into the mola nnd Place ® coarse filter paper on the top vf the dish. of the three 6.9 kg sortions prepared in section SAMPLE with sufficient water to oblain the optimum moisture eset determined in section MOTSTURE- DENSITY RSLATON 4: Comet one of the portions of soil-water mixture inte the mold in TT cqual layer to give 1 total lengeh of abot mene mpacting each layer with the ‘owest selected munber ot biecs rulee fo give a compacted dent ty of 95 percent oe Les oe eh maxima danesty. Sexpine the tioisture content 9° the material being compacted at 59 1Hint wed end he. compaction procedures me istay mple shall.weigh at least 100 q for fine grair sdils ani 50s q for coarse-grained soils Rewove the extension collar, and using a straightedge, trim the compacted soi) even the top of the mold. Surface irregularities should be patched with small sized material. Remove the spacer disk, place a coarse filter paper on the perforated base plate, invert the mold with compacted soil, and place on the filter paper so that the compacted soil is in contact with the filter paper. amp the perforated base plate to the mold and attach the collar, Weigh the mold and specimen to the nearest 5 q Compact the other two 6.8 kg portions in accordance with step 4 Ehrough step 6, except that an intermediate numberof blows per Laver should be used to compact the second specimen and ‘the highest number of blows per layer shall be used to compact the hird specimen SOAKING Place the swell plate with adjustable stem on the soil sample in the moid and apply sufficient annular weights to produce an intensity of loading equal to the masa of the subbase and base courses and surfacing above the tested material 2.26 kg but in no case shall the mass be less than 4.54 kg. Place the tripod with dial indicator on top of the mold and make ” an initial dial reading. Immerse the mold in water to dllow free laccess of water at “the top and at the bottom of the specimen. During soaking, maintain tag water level in the mold and the soaking tank approximately 28/4 mm above the top of ‘the ‘specimen, Soak the specimen 96 hn (4 days) | | Note S.A Shorter mension period! (not tess than 24/hi may be used hai Percent. Swell = 5. fok soil-aggredate materials): that drain readily /if tests ‘show that the shorter period does not affect, the test results. \fon oun clay soils, @ soaking ‘period greater than 4 days may’ bef required. At the end of 96 h, make a final dial veading!on the soaked ‘specimens and calculate the swell as a percentage ‘of the initial ;} satiple Lengtl change in length in in. during soaking - » 100 in. Rehove the specimens from the ‘sonking tapi, pour the Water off the top, and allow to drain downward for! 15 min. care shall be taken not to disturb the surface cf “he specimens during removal of whe ‘water. After cvaining, remove the sugcharge weights and perforated plates. draining when it is sity of the soaked and ote @ -- The specimens may be weighed o" desired to determine the average wet @ Grained material 50PENETRATION TEST 1. 2. Seating piston - Seat the penetration piston with a 4.54 kg load, then set both the penetration dial indicator and the load indicator to zero 3. Application of lead - Apply the loads to the penetration piston so the rate of penetration is uniform at 1.3 mm per min. Record the load when the penetration is 0.64, 1.27, 1.91, 2.54, 5.08, and 7.62 mm. Load readings at penetrations of 10.16 and 12.70 mm. may be obtained if desired. { a Note $ -- The moisture content of the upper 25 mm may be determined after testing if desired. Moisture samples shall weigh at least 100 g for fine-grained soils and 500 q for gzanulaér soils. caltcotarton | 1, Stress-Strain Curve - Plot the’ stress - strain (resistance to penetration - depth of penetration): curve! for each specimen as Appligation of surcharge - Place a surcharge of annular and slotted weights on the specimens equal to that used during soaking. To prevent displacement of soft materials into the hole of the surcharge weights, seat the penetration piston after one surcharge weight has been placed on the specimen. After seating the penetration piston, the remainder of the surcharge weights shal.jthen be placed around the piston. shown in Fig. 1i. In some ‘instances, the initial penetration takes place without a proporticnal! increasé in the resistance to penetration and the curve may be iconcave tipward, To obtain ‘the true stress - strain relationships, correct the curve having concave upward shape near the origin by adjusting the location of the origin by extending the straight line poxtion of the stress~ strain curve downward until it intersects the abscissa. California bearing ratio - The cr¥ected load valués shall be determined for each specimen at 2.54 mm and 5.08 mm penetration. California bearing ratio value; are obtained in percent by dividing the corrected load valiles at 2.54 and 5.08 mm by the standard loads of 6.9 and 10.3 MPa respectively, and” multiplying these ratios by 10¢ : , car = J x 100) standard load | ‘ i 2a he CBR is! generally selectdd at 2.%: mm| penetration. If the atio at 5.08 m. penetration is yre. ar, the test shall be rerun. If the check test give a s{mi1. Fesult, the ratio at 5.08 mm penetration shall be used! Using the data obtained from the 2 specimen: plot the cBa-Dry cnsity as Molded relation as shown ini Fig The design CBR may chen be detowmine| at the desired] percents + of the maximum diy density, normally tty minimum peredntage con action permittad by the agency's compacti. > specifications 61\ ea m= ensmeuclers | CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO. TEST APPARATUS! 7 figure 10 } ‘ i= cerannuametrnmmnneesutetavt ech BISUNAUAL I nipiinsldinliisnabamennersonlt it wo connderil count, leonngoteo ono vacucs| arn Bh Me EME AAT 8 JORPEG{ED 4OAO VALUES jar es im. aweyaation -—{|— T | aearatanee re pestaimens me 5 i 106 - t 1 i ie \ Fl Bate amgemnemenrm otifor eros en PRETATION HOMES CORRECTION OF STRESS {STRAIN CURVE “figure tt) || i100 soacen car s 100108 ae AMPLE ‘a CGMEN: Maa ORY DENBY BY THEY CMETHIGS Dd ec. n Fd: THE CBR AT 85 PERCENT OF THE ABOVE MARANA ORY i SOLUTION #6 PERCENT OF IMP. 1178 REE AT HTP THE GOR DRY DENSITY VERSUS CBR figure 42) 2 ome Sewerry SY woupee spor —