Lummi dialect

Lummi (Xwlemi Chosen, IPA:  [xʷləmi tʃɔsən]) is a dialect of the

Lummi
North Straits Salish language traditionally spoken by the Lummi
people of northwest Washington, in the United States. Although Xwlemi
traditionally referred to as a language, it is mutually intelligible Region Pacific Northwest
with the other dialects of North Straits.
Language Salishan languages
Lummi language is still spoken on the Lummi reservation and is family
Coast Salish
taught at Ferndale High School,[1] Lummi Nation School, Vista
Central
Middle School, Horizon Middle School, Skyline and Eagleridge
Elementary Schools,[2] and the Northwest Indian College. Straits Salish
North Straits
Salish
Phonology
Lummi

Language codes
ISO 639-3 –
Glottolog lumm1243 (http://g
lottolog.org/resou
rce/languoid/id/lu
mm1243)

Consonants
Alveolar Velar Uvular
Bilabial Palatal Glottal
central sibilant lateral plain lab. plain lab.

Plosive/
plain p t ts tʃ kʷ q qʷ
ʔ
Affricate ejective pʼ tʼ tsʼ tɬʼ tʃʼ kʷʼ qʼ qʷʼ
Fricative s ɬ ʃ xʷ χ χʷ h
plain m n l j ŋ w
Sonorant
glottalized ˀm ˀn ˀj ˀŋ ˀw

/ts/ phonemically occurs only rarely within vocabulary.[3]

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid/Open æ ə ɔ

Vowel sounds /æ, ɔ/ may also be heard as more mid or open as [ɛ, ɒ].[4]

References
 1. Ferndale Native American Education (http://www.ferndalesd.org/student-services/native-am
erican-services)
2. "Native American Education - Ferndale School District" (https://www.ferndalesd.org/deptpro
grams/teaching-learning/student-services/native-american-education).
3. Charles, Al; Demers, Richard A.; Bowman, Elizabeth (1978). Introduction to the Lummi
language.
4. Montler, Timothy (1999). Language and Dialect Variation in Straits Salishan. Anthropological
Linguistics Vol. 41, No. 4 (Winter, 1999): Indiana University. pp. 462–502.

Further reading
Gibbs, George (1863). Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Clallam and Lummi. Cramoisy
Press. Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington
History collection (http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications%5Fdetail.aspx?p=70) or
at Internet Archive (https://archive.org/stream/cihm_18320#page/n25/mode/2up)

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This page was last edited on 7 September 2022, at 05:02 (UTC).

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