13-10-2020

MINERAL ADMIXTURES

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

1 By
Dr S. V. Deo
Associate professor
Civil Engg Deptt. NIT, Raipur
OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION

13-10-2020
 Silicafume
 Rice husk ash

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 Metakaolin

 Conclusions

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SILICA FUME
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MICROSILICA
SILICA FUME

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 It is also called micro silica or condensed
silica

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 It is a product resulting from reduction of
high purity quartz with coal in an electric arc
furnace in manufacture of silicon or
ferrosilicon alloys.
 Silica fume rises as an oxidised vapour

 It is cooled, condensed and processed to

remove impurities and control particle size
 It generally contains more than 90% SiO2 in
amorphous (non crystalline) form 5
 Specific gravity of SF is about 2.2
SILICA FUME

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 It is extremely fine with particle size less than 1
micron and with an average diameter of about 0.1
micron. Lowest particle size can be as low as 0.03

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

micron
 Few countries produce cement with up to 8%
replacement of cement with SF
 Due to its very fine particle size it reacts very fast. It
also has a very high surface area
 Microsilica is finer particle than Cement. It is produced
by some chemical processing of the ash
 As per purity and reactivity it cost between Rs. 15 to
up to Rs. 500 per kg
 It is must for achieving strength more than 85MPa 6
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PARTICLE SIZE COMPARISON
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RELATIVE SIZE AND SHAPE
SILICA FUME

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 It improves packing by filling cement pores
and hence improves early strength

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 Replacement of 1% cement with SF
increases water demand by approximately
1%
 Increase in water demand can be adjusted
by adjusting aggregate grading or increasing
superplasticiser
 Addition of SF reduces the slump but makes
mix more cohesive
 Due to higher cohesiveness segregation and
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bleeding reduces
SILICA FUME

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 Concrete with SF is vulnerable to plastic
shrinkage cracking and must be cured well

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 Partly replacing cement with Fly Ash can
compensate for higher heat of hydration
produced by SF
 SF concrete can produce 60 to 80 MPa
concrete very easily due to dense packing
and pore filling
 With SF very high 1hr strength is also
possible. This allows very early removal of
shuttering
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SILICA FUME

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 If possible plastic shrinkage is restricted,
durability of SF concrete is more than normal
concrete due to

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

1. Pozzolanic reaction

2. Dense packing

3. Pore filling

 Due to high strength SF concrete performs

better than normal concrete against frost
damage

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SILICA FUME

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 SF is supplied in powder and slurry form
 The slurry of SF is adopted to avoid possible

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

health issues caused by breathing in the fine
particles of SF while working with it
 Generally SF is used a 5% to 15%
replacement of cement
 Cement particles can not form a dense
packing because the water filled pockets are
roughly the same size as the cement
particles
 Finer SF particles are needed to pack into
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water filled pockets among the cement
particles
SILICA FUME

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 For denser packing to happen, covering of
cement particles with SF is must

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 High shear mixers are recommended for
mixing
 As SF reduces workability, use of
superplasticiser is must for better packing
 Literatures state that, SF stimulates the
cement to hydrate faster, and its presence
modifies the overall chemistry of C-S-H gel
produced by cement
 Addition of other finer particles of fly
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ash/GGBS/rice husk ash may be used as
middle size particles for better packing
SILICA FUME

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 SF due to pozzolanic reaction and better
particle packing and cohesiveness also
improves ITZ

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 SEM photos clearly show that addition of SF
has improved ITZ and significantly improved
the bond between the aggregate and paste

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RICE HUSK ASH
RICE HUSK ASH

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 Rice husks are agricultural products with
very high silica content (>90%). In rice
producing states it is very easily available

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 RHA is obtained by burning RH at 500 to
7000 C
 RHA is an amorphous material with porous
structure
 It has a very high surface area with particle
size between 10 to 75 micron. RHA is ground
to get finer particle size
 RHA increases the water requirement of
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concrete over cement
RICE HUSK ASH

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 Due to high silica content and finer particle
size they contribute to 1 and 3 day strength

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 Locally RHA is available at Rs. 10 to Rs. 15
per kg
 RHA is more reactive than fly ash but less
reactive than SF
 It is used for producing high performance
concrete

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METAKAOLIN
METAKAOLIN

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 MK is recently developed cementing material
 It is used for producing high performance

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

concrete
 MK is produced by calcining purified kaolinite
clay in a specific temperature of 650 to 8000
C to drive off the chemically bound water in
the interstices of kaolin and destroy the
crystalline structure to convert it to MK
phase
 Post calcining MK is carefully refined to
lighten its colour, remove impurities and
control its particle size 19
METAKAOLIN

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 Well controlled process results in a highly
reactive white powder that is consistent in
performance

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 The particle size of MK is generally less than
2 micron
 Due to such a finer size, it is very reactive
and acts as accelerator in concrete
 Up to 20% cement can be replaced by Mk

 Silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide are main

reactive components of MK to react with
calcium hydroxide 20
 MK has better workability than SF and RHA
COMPOSITION OF OPC AND
METAKAOLIN (A. M. NEVILLE & LI)

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Typic Percent Percent Percent

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

al age in age in age in
Oxide OPC MK Fly Ash
s
CaO 63 0.5 1-5
SiO2 20 50 45-55
Al2O3 6 40 25-30
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MINERAL ADMIXTURES

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 Effect on Workability, following is the
performance

Civil Engineering Department, NIT Raipur

 FA>GGBS>Cement>MK>RHA>SF

 Effect on 28days strength, following is the

performance
 SF>MK & RHA>GGBS>FA

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Thank you for
your interest