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Regina COELI C. LEGASPI

Pharma Reviewer
PHARMACOLOGY SIMPLIFIED/ TABLES REVIEWER

Beta Lactams

BACTERICIDAL Beta Lactams

NATURAL  Strep throat, Syphilis,
BAVe PM moQ Right now Aminoglycosides pneumonia,

 Conc. Dependent (AF) Vancomycin PCN meningococcymia

Aminoglycides and Polypeptides  Susceptible to penicillinase

Fluoroquinolones Metronidazole
 PCN G  Activity against
 Time dependent (BV) Quinolones  PCN V  Gram positive
Beta Lactams and Vancomycin  Gram negative cocci
Rifampicin
 Non-beta lactamase
Isoniazid producing anaerobes
BACTERIOSTATIC Chloramphenicol ANTI-  Resistant to gram positive
CuM SELL TiTi Macrolides STAPHYLOCOCCAL cocci
Sulfonamides  Beta-lactamase
PCN (beta lactamase
producing streptococci
Ethambutol resistant) and staphylococci
Lincosamides
 Cloxacillin  NAFCILLIN- most commonly
Tetracyclines
 Oxacillin mentioned / erratic/ No to oral
Trimethoprim (endocarditis) admin. (endocarditis)

 Methicillin  METHICILLIN-interstitial
PAIRS  Dicloxacillin
nephritis/ not used anymore
Large doses of penicillin =Gastrointestinal upset  Nafcillin-erratic. No to
Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhea Oral/excreted in Feces
Ampicillin Pseudomembranous Colitis EXTENDED  Same Activity with natural
HIGH DOSE of PCN G + PX Myoclonic Jerks and seizures SPECTRUM PCN PCNs but with ADDED
with Renal failure (combined with BLI) activity vs. GRAM
NEGATIVE RODS
Methicillin Interstitial Nephritis AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCI
Nafcillin Neutropenia  Ampicillin
 Ampicillin-Shigellosis
 Anaerobes :
Oxacillin Hepatitis  Amoxicillin (can be  Listeria
JARISCH HERXHEIMER Rxn. used with food oral) monocytogenes
 Px being treated with SYPHILIS ANTI-PSEUDOMONAL PCN  E. coli
(Pseudomonas Aeruginosa)  Salmonella
 Several hours after penicillin injection -most common cause of  Haemophillus
 SYMPTOMS: chills, fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias HOSPITAL acq. Pneumonia influenza
(Klebsiella Pneumoniae)  NOT FOR UTI and
 MORE PROMINENT syphilitic cutaneous LESIONS
 Piperacillin TYPHOID
(granulomas) and edematous/ brilliant in color (PARENTERAL)  Due to beta
 DOES NOT occur with 2nd or subsequent injections  Ticarcillin
lactamases

  Amoxicillin- Sinusitis, otitis,

Reaction due to SPIROCHETAL antigens  Carbenicillin
LRTIs
 Treatment: Aspirin=symptomatic  Piperacillin (PARENTERAL)
 DO NOT discontinue penicillin therapy  Ventilator related
PENICILLIN ADVERSE EFFECTS pneumonia

CEPHALOSPORINS
GENERATION ACTIVITY TREATMENT
st
1 generation  Against gram positive cocci  UTI
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Regina COELI C. LEGASPI
Pharma Reviewer

 CeFADroxil CeFAZoline  Streptococci  Staphylococcal and Streptococcal

 CePHalotin CePHapirin  Staphylococci infections
 CePhradine CePHalaxin  LIMITED gram negative activity  Cellulitis
 Proteus Mirabilis, E. Coli,  Soft tissue abscess
FAD FAZ tapos basta may PH Klebsiella Pneumoniae  Surgical prophylaxis
FAFA pH * 4  (PECK) (Cefazoline)
nd
2 generation  CEFUROXIME  Sinusitis
 Only 2nd gen that Penetrate CSF  Otitis
 CeFAMandole CeFOXitin  Neiserria,Haemophilus  Lower respiratory tract infections
 CeFURoxime CefoTEtan  Relatively active against organisms  Community acquired pneumonia
inhibited by first generation Due to activity against H influenza and
(FAM of FOX FUR drank TEa) cephalosporins. many pneumococci
 In additon = extended gram
 CefacLOr -LOracarbef negative coverage
 CefPROzil -cefmeTAZole  Haemophilus influenza
 Enterobacter
 cefoNICid
 Neisseria
 Proteus mirabilis
(LOLO PRO TAZ NICe)  Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella
pneumonia
 Serratia Marcescens)
HEN PEcKS
3rd generation  Expanded gram negative Action  Serious infections requiring IV
 Crosses Blood brain barrier therapy due to resistant
 CefeTAMet CefPOdoxin
 cefoPERAzone organisms
 CeftizoxiME ceftiBUTEn
 action against  Meningitis
 CefoPERAzone CeFIXime Pseudomonas  Neutropenic fever
 CeftaDIZime CefoTAXime  Ceftriazone-gonorrhea
“TAMPO ME BUTE PERA FIX DIZ  CeFIXime-Bacterial. Meningitis
TAX “
4th generation  Similar to 3rd gen but better  P.Aeruginosa infections
against P. aeruginosa and  enterobacteriaceae
CEFEPIME enterobacteriaceae
5th generation  Only one that can go against MRSA infections
methicilline resistant S. aureus
Ceftaroline  Similar to 3rd generation
 Not active against P.Aeruginosa
CEPHALOSPORINS + BETA  Gram negative infections  urinary tract infections
LACTAMASE INHIBITORS  Potent activity against  complicated intrabdominal
 Ceftolazane + Tazobactam ●  gram negative organisms infections
 Ceftazidime + Avibactam  pseudomonas
 extended spectrum beta-
lactamase producing
enterobacter
ADVERSE effects: Disulfram-like (alcohol/acetaldehyde basta pang lasing)

RANDOM USEFUL INFO

CILASTATIN- Added to Imipinem to PROLONG ITS HALFLIFE
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Regina COELI C. LEGASPI
Pharma Reviewer

/inhibits dipeptidase
BETA LACTAMS Inhibit Transpeptidation/crosslinking/cellwallsynthesis
Penicillin G TREPONEMA Pallidum. Syphilis
Ampicillin Broad spectrum
Carbapenem Broadest spectrum
Monobactams Least reactivity. ONLY IN GRAM NEGATIVE
MONOBACTAM: AZREONAM - ALTERNATIVE for those with Penicillin allergy
Ceftaroline MRSA infections

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Most common hospital acquired/Nosocomial

Penicillin (extended spectrum/antipseudomonal) (PIPERACILLIN has highest activity)
Carbapenems Good activity
Monobactams : Aztreonam Only against gram negative rods

Penicillin Thiazolidine ring ; 6-aminopenicilloic acid

Cephalosporins Dihydrothiazine ring