MANDALAY TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY

WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY II
WS-22012

Engine Lathe Processes

Presented by –
Moe Myint Mam
 Outline

 Engine Lathe

 Five Major Parts of Engine Lathe

 Types of Engine Lathes

 Lathe Machine Operations

 Safety Guidelines

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 Engine Lathe

 In lathe, metal to be machined is rotating.

 To remove in the form of chips, cutting tool is advanced radially

into the workpiece a specified depth and moved longitudinally
along the axis of the workpiece.

 Because lathe machined the parts of James Watt’s steam engine

during Industrial Revolution, it became known as engine lathe.

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 Engine Lathe

Fig (1) Machining a cylindrical workpiece in a lathe 4

 Engine Lathe

Fig (2) Components of a lathe 5

 Five Major Parts of Engine Lathe

 Bed

 Headstock

 Tailstock

 Carriage

 Power-feed and thread-cutting mechanism

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 Five Major Parts of Engine Lathe
Bed
 is often called the backbone of the lathe.

 The ways of the lathe are accurately scraped to give true

alignment to the headstock, tailstock and carriage.

 This is done because the accuracy of a lathe depends mainly on

the rigidity, alignment and accuracy of the bed.

 is sturdily cast with cross-ribs to withstand the stresses of heavy

cuts and coarse feeds.

 Bed’s top surfaces, also called the ways of the lathe are
machined to form inverted V’s and flat sides.
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 Five Major Parts of Engine Lathe
Bed (continued)
 Some lathes have flat-ground ways only.

Fig (3) Bed, backbone of a lathe 8

 Five Major Parts of Engine Lathe
Headstock
 is located on the ways at the end of the bed, to the operator’s left.

 is clamped solidly on the inner ways and supports and houses the
spindle and the means for turning the spindle.

 The spindle is supported by precision bearings located at two or

three points in the headstock.

 The spindle is hollow through entire length to allow bar stock or

work-holding attachments to pass through.

 The end of spindle has internal taper bore that holds a live center or
other tools.
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 Five Major Parts of Engine Lathe
Tailstock
 is located opposite to the headstock on the ways.

 Has two major parts: a bottom casting and a top casting.

 Bottom casting is machined accurately to fits the ways of the bed.

 Top casting contains the spindle, feed-screw, handwheel and a

spindle clamp for locking the spindle in position.

 The end of the spindle has a taper bore for holding the taper shank
dead center, drills, reamers, drill chucks, and other tools.

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 Five Major Parts of Engine Lathe
Carriage
 carries the cutting tools and precisely controls its movement either
parallel to the ways, called straight turning, or at right angles to the
ways, called facing.

 Has three major parts: saddle, compound rest, and apron.

 The saddle rests and slides on the ways and contains the cross-feed
mechanism for moving the cutting tool at right angles to the ways.

 The compound rest slide is used for turning and boring short
angles and tapers.

 The apron contains a gear train and cluthes, which provide

automatic power feed to the carriage and cross-feed slide. 11
 Five Major Parts of Engine Lathe
Power-feed and thread-cutting mechanism
 Most standard engine lathes are equipped with a feed rod and a
leadscrew.

 The feed rod is used to provide automatic power feed to the

carriage when turning or machining workpieces.

 The leadscrew is used to drive the carriage only when cutting or

chasing screw threads.

 Both feed rod and leadscrew get their power from the spindle gear
through a compound gear train located at the end of the lathes.

 Quick change gear box at the front of the modern lathe machines
makes it possible to obtain a wide range of feeds and thread pitches. 12
 Types of Engine Lathes

 Bench lathes

 Standard engine lathes

 Toolroom lathes

 Manufacturing lathes

 Special-purpose lathes

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 Types of Engine Lathes

Bench lathes
 are small engine lathes.

 can be mounted on a bench or metal cabinet.

Standard engine lathes

 are larger, heavier and more powerful than the bench lathe.

 may have bed length from 5 to 20 or more feet.

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 Types of Engine Lathes

Toolroom lathes
 are precision engine lathes.

 are equipped with additional attachments needed for tool

and die making operations .

Manufacturing lathes
 are engine lathes of various sizes.

 are equipped with special-purpose attachments for turning

workpieces in large quantities, which is often called production
work.
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 Types of Engine Lathes

Special-purpose lathes
 are also called gap lathes.

 have a special sliding bed, making it possible to increase the

swing to accommodate large-diameter work.

 Examples of special-purpose lathes are wheel lathes, crankshaft

lathes, gun barrel lathes and tracer lathes, all are adaptations of
the engine lathe.

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 Lathe Machine Operations

Fig (4) Typical engine lathe processes

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Lathe Machine Operations

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Lathe Machine Operations

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Lathe Machine Operations

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Lathe Machine Operations

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Lathe Machine Operations

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 Lathe Machine Operations

Operations from (a) to (g) are typical engine lathe operations.

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 Safety Guidelines

In machine operations, there is one sequence of events that must always

be followed. SAFETY FIRST, ACCURACY SECOND, SPEED LAST.

 Prepare yourself by rolling up shirt sleeves or cutting off shirt

sleeves above the elbow, removing ties, watches, rings and other
jewelry that might become caught while operating lathe machine.

 Wear goggles or face shield of the approved type at all times when
operating a lathe or when in the area of lathes that are in operation.

 Be sure the work area is clear of obstructions that you might fall
over or trip on.
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 Safety Guidelines
 Keep the area around your machine clear of oil or grease on deck
to prevent the possibility of slipping and falling into the machine.

 Never remove chips with your bare hands, use a brush. (Stop the
machine while removing the chips.)

 Keep the hands off the moving parts while machine is running.

 Never leave chuck key in the chuck. Be sure chuck key is removed
before starting the machine.

 Even after putting the power off, do not stop the revolving chuck
by hand. Let it stop by itself.
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 Safety Guidelines

 If your hair is long, tie it back. Long hair can wrap around the
revolving workpieces and pull your face into the lathe with
frightening speed and force.

 Be sure that the work is securely fixed in the machine before it

is started.

 Keep head hair away from all moving parts.

 Always ask a qualified supervisor if in doubt.

 Make sure you know how to stop it before starting the lathe.

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 Calculation for Turning

Fig(5) Concept of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut in turning

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 Cutting Speed in Turning

The cutting speed (in a lathe for turning operation) is the

peripheral speed of the workpiece past the cutting tool.

……eq(1)
 Feed in Turning
Feed may be defined as the distance that a tool advances
into the work during one revolution of the headstock
spindle. Feed is expressed in mm/revolution.

……eq(2)
 Depth of Cut in Turning
The depth of cut ‘d’ is the perpendicular distance measured
from the machined surface to the uncut (or previous cut)
surface of the workpiece. For turning operations, the depth
of cut is expressed as :

……eq(3)
 Material Removal Rate in Turning
 The material removal rate is the volume of material
removed per unit time.
 Volume of material removed is a function of speed, feed
and depth of cut.
 Higher the values of these, more will be the material
removal rate.
 Material Removal Rate in Turning

Then, material removed per revolution is the volume of chip whose

length is πD i and whose cross-sectional area is d × f. That is,

....eq(4)
Machining Time in Turning

Fig(6) Turning operation

Machining Time in Turning
Machining Time in Turning

.......eq(5)
Machining Time in Turning

....eq(6)
..eq(7)

....eq(8)
 Example
Example: A workpiece of 300 mm diameter and 600 mm
length is to be turned down to 282 mm for the entire
length. The suggested feed is 1.2 mm/revolution and the
cutting speed is 162 m/min. The maximum allowable
depth of cut is 4.5 mm.
Calculate the following :
(i) Spindle r.p.m.
(ii) Feed speed.
(iii) Material removal rate.
(iv) Cutting time.
Assume tool overtravel is 12.0 mm. Neglect tool
approach.
 Homework
A workpiece of 250 mm diameter and 500 mm length is to
be turned down to 235 mm diameter for the entire length.
The suggested feed is 1 mm/revolution and cutting speed is
135 m/min. The maximum allowable depth of cut is 5.0 mm.
Calculate :
(i) Spindle r.p.m. (iii) Material removal rate.
(ii) Feed speed (iv) Cutting time.
Thank You!