MCMT Unit-II

LATHE MACHINE
Unit – II
Course : Metal Cutting and Machine Tools
Syllabus
Learning Outcomes
Student will be able to

 Know the working principle of lathe machine
 List the different types of lathe machines
 Specify the lathe machine
 Select appropriate work holder to hold the different
work surfaces.
 Identify suitable operations performed on lathe machine
to produce variety of components
 Differentiate engine lathe and capstan and turret
lathes.
 Know the principal features of Automatic lathe
machines.
Machine Tools
 Machine tools are the kind of machines on which

the metal cutting or metal forming processes are
carried out.
 They employ cutting tools to remove excess material
from the given job.
 The functions of a machine tool are:
(i) To hold the tool;
(ii) To hold the work
(iii) To move the tool or the workpiece or both
relative to each other;
(iv) To supply energy required to cause the metal
cutting.
Classification of Machine Tools
The machine tools are classified as follows:

1. General purpose:
(i) Lathe
(ii) Drilling machine
(iii)Shaping machine
(iv)Planning machine
(v) Milling machine
(vi)Sawing machine.
2. Production Machine Tools

(i) Capstan Lathe
(ii) Turret Lathe etc.
3. Special Purpose Machine Tools
(i) Cam shaft grinding machine
(ii) Connecting rod twin boring machine
(iii) Piston turning lathe
4. Single Purpose Machine Tools(Automatic)
Elements of Machine Tools
Various elements of machine tools are:

 Work holding, and tool holding elements.
 Structure-formed by bed, column and frame.
 Kinematics of machine tool drives.
 Slides and tool structure.
 Spindles and spindle bearing.

LATHE Machine
 Working Principle:
Lathe Machine
Lathe Machine
Types of Lathe Machines
▪ Bench Lathe
Engine Lathe
▪ Speed Lathe Capstan and Turret Lathe
▪ Engine Lathe Automatic Lathe
▪ Tool Room Lathe
▪ Capstan and turret Lathe
▪ Automatic Lathe
▪ Special – Purpose Lathe
Bench Lathe
Speed Lathe
Engine Lathe
Tool Room Lathe
Capstan and Turret Lathe
Automatic Lathes
Specifications of Lathe
 The height of the centers

 The swing diameter over bed
 The length between centers.
 The swing diameter over carriage.
 The maximum bar diameter.
 The length of the bed.
Parts of a Lathe
Chuck
Tailstock
Headstock Tool Post Compound Rest
Bed
Lead Screw
Feed Rod
Carriage
Legs
Feed Mechanism
Lathe Bed
Lathe Bed
Lathe Bed
 The bed of a Lathe acts as the base on which the different
fixed and operating parts of the Lathe are mounted.
 This facilitates the correct relative location of the fixed parts
and at the same time provides ways for a well guided and
controlled movement of the operating part (Carriage).
 Also it has to with-stand various forces exerted on the
Cutting tool during the operation. It must, therefore, be of a
very rigid and robust construction.
 Lathe beds are usually made as single piece casting of semi-
steel (i.e., toughened cast iron), with the addition of small
quantity of steel scrap to the cast iron during melting; the
material ‘Cast Iron’ facilitating as easy sliding action.
 However, in case of extremely large machines, the bed may
be in two or more pieces, bolted together to form the desired
length.
Lathe Bed
 Bed castings are usually made to have a box

section incorporating cross ribs as shown in
Figure.
Lathe Bed
 The guide ways are of two types: (a) Flat

guideways (b) inverted Vee guideways. Generally,
the combination of both the flat and inverted Vee
guideways is used as shown below.
Headstock
It consist of the following main parts:

 Cone pulley
 Back gears and back gear lever,
 Main spindle or Head stock spindle
 Live centre, and
 Feed reverse lever.

Tailstock
 It is used for supporting the right end of the work.

 It is also used for holding and feeding the tools such
as drills, reamers, taps etc.
Tailstock
 It is used for supporting the right end of the work.

 It is also used for holding and feeding the tools such
as drills, reamers, taps etc.
Carriage Tool Post
Compound Rest
Cross Slide
Saddle
Apron
Feed Mechanism
 It is employed for imparting various feeds

(longitudinal, cross and angular) to the
cutting tool.
 It consists of feed reverse lever, tumbler
reversing mechanism, change gears, feed
gear box, quick change gear box, lead screw,
feed rod, apron mechanism and half nut
mechanism.
Work Holding Devices
 Chucks
 Face plate
 Angle plate
 Driving plate
 Lathe carriers or dogs
 Lathe centres
 Lathe mandrels
 Rests
 Jigs and fixtures
Chucks
 Three jaw universal chuck

 Four jaw independent chuck
 Combination chuck
 Air or hydraulic operated chuck
 Magnetic chucks
 Collet chuck
 Drill Chuck
Three Jaw Universal Chuck
Three Jaw Universal Chuck
Four Jaw Independent chuck
Four Jaw Independent chuck
Magnetic Chuck
Magnetic Chuck
Air or Hydraulic Chuck
 In these chucks, Air or Hydraulic Pressure is

used for pressing the jaws against the job.
 The pressure is provided by a cylinder and
piston mechanism, fitted at the rear of the
Head Stock, and is controlled by a Valve by
the operator.
 Three chucks are very quick acting and
provide a very firm grip.
 Their use is, however, largely confined to
those machines engaged in mass production.
Collet Chucks
Face Plate
Face Plate
Face Plate
Angle Plate
 It is employed for holding work in

conjunction with a Face plate.
 When the size or shape of the work is such
that it is not possible to mount the work
directly on the face plate, the Angle plate is
secured to the Face plate and work
mounted on it.
Angle Plate
Driving Plate
Lathe Carriers or Dogs
Lathe Centres
Lathe Centres
 They form a very important group of Lathe

Accessories and are made in various designs.
 They act as solid bearings to support the work
during the operation. Cast steel or High grade tool
steel is the common material used for their
manufacture.
 They are then hardened and ground to correct
angle. Sometimes, when very high speeds are to be
employed, tips made of some other hard materials
like cemented carbide or high speed steel are used
which are fitted into usual types of shanks.
Lathe Centres
Lathe Mandrel
 A “mandrel” can be described as a solid steel shaft or

spindle which is used for holding bored parts for
machining their outside surfaces on lathe. They are
also known as arbors.
 Mandrels are usually employed for those jobs
(relatively small) which have a finished hole which is
concentric with the outer surface that is to be
machined.
 The common types of mandrels are: Solid or plain,
collar, stepped, expanding and double cone mandrels.
Lathe Mandrel
Lathe Mandrel
Rests
 When a very long job is to be turned

between centres on a lathe, due to its own
weight it provides a springing action and
carries a lot of bending moment.
 The result is that the turning tool is spoiled
very soon and may even break sometimes.
 To avoid this, such jobs are always
supported on an attachment known as
‘steady rest or centre rest’
Steady Rest
Steady Rest
Follower Rest
 Sometimes, when the job is too flexible, it

becomes necessary to support the job very
close to the cutting edge of the tool
throughout the operation.
 In such cases a ‘follower rest’, is used
instead of the steady rest.
 It is attached to the saddle of the lathe
carriage and thus travels along with the
tool throughout the operation.
Follower Rest
Follower Rest
Jigs and fixtures
 Jigs and fixtures are used in conduction with

the face plate on a lathe for supporting and
holding odd shaped and eccentric jobs during
the operation.
 This specific use is in the mass production of
identical parts otherwise, if only a single item
is to be made, the cost of production of the
jigs or fixtures itself will be too high,
preventing their use.
Topics Covered
 Introduction to Machine Tools

 Working Principle of Lathe Machine
 Types of Lathe Machines
 Specifications of Lathe Machine
 Lathe Machine Parts
 Work holding Devices
Tool holding devices
 Single Tool Post

 Open side tool post

 Four bolt tool post

 Four way tool post

Lathe Operations
 Facing
 Turning
 Taper turning
 Drilling
 Reaming
 Boring
 Undercutting or grooving
 Threading
 Knurling
 Forming
Facing
 Facing is an operation of machining the ends of a

workpiece to produce a flat surface square with the
axis. It is also used to cut the work to the required
length.
 The operation involves feeding the tool perpendicular
to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.
Turning
 Turning is the most commonly used operation in

Lathe.
 Turning in a lathe is to remove excess material from
the work piece to produce a cylindrical or a cone
shaped surface.
 Normally the work piece is rotated on a spindle and
the tool is fed into it radially, axially, or both ways
simultaneously, to give the required surface.
Turning
 The term ‘turning’, in the general sense, refers

to the generation of any cylindrical surface with
a single point tool.
The common types of turning are:
 Plain turning
 Step turning
 Rough turning
 Finish turning
 Shoulder turning and
 Taper turning.
Turning
 Plain Turning
Turning
 Step turning:
Turning
 Rough Turning
Turning
 Finish Turning:
Turning
 Shoulder Turning
Turning
Taper Turning:
 In a Lathe taper turning is an operation to
produce a conical surface by gradual reduction
in diameter from a cylindrical job.
 Taper turning can be done by the following
ways:
 By a form tool.
 By setting over the tailstock.
 By swiveling the compound rest.
 By taper turning attachment.
 By compound feed.
Taper Turning
 Taper Turning by a Form Tool

Taper Turning
 By Setting Over the Tailstock
D  d  Setover  Length of the work X

Total taper
Setover  L j 2 X taper length
2L
Taper Turning
 By Swiveling the Compound Rest:

Taper Turning
 By Taper Turning Attachment:

Taper Turning
By Compound Feed
 This is more specialized method of turning taper.
 In certain lathes both longitudinal and cross feed may
be engaged simultaneously causing the tool to follow a

diagonal path which is the result of the magnitude of
the two feeds.
 The direction of resultant may be changed by varying
the rate of feeds by change gears.

 Taper turning by manipulation of both feeds is
inaccurate and requires skill on the part of the
operator.
 It is used for sharp tapers only.
Threading
 Reduce the spindle speed

 Setting the tool
 Feeding the tool
Threading

Threading

Threading
Threading
Threading
 All the Lathes are provided with a set of

change gears, usually having 20 to 120 teeth,
with a variation of 5 teeth.
 In addition, a gear of 127 teeth is also
provided which is known as Translating
gear. It is used in cutting metric threads.
Threading
Drilling
Reaming
Reaming
Boring
Boring
Boring
Undercutting/grooving
Knurling
Knurling
Knurling
Knurling
Knurling
Forming
Lathe Tools
Engine Lathe
Lathe Tools
Engine Lathe
Lathe Tools
Engine Lathe
Lathe Tools
Engine Lathe
Lathe Tools
Engine Lathe
Lathe Tools
Engine Lathe
Difference between Turret Lathe and
Centre Lathe
 Nature of production work
 Constructional difference
 No. of tools that can be handled at a time
 Provision of rigidity in the holding of work and
tools
 Machining time and handling time
 Lead screw
 Degree of automation
 Rate of production
 Labour cost
 Overhead charges
Main Parts of a Turret or Capstan Lathe
Main Parts of a Turret or Capstan Lathe
Difference between Turret and Capstan Lathe
Aspects Turret lathe Capstan lathe

Turret is mounted on an
Turret (head) is mounted auxiliary slide, which moves on
Turret position
directly on the saddle. the guide ways provided on the
saddle.

The saddle is fixed at a
For feeding the tools entire convenient distance from the
Feeding of tools
saddle is moved. work and the tools are fed by
moving the slide.

Because of the overhung of the
Very high rigidity
slide or ram, the tool support
because all the cutting
Extent of rigidity unit is subjected to bending and
forces are transferred to
deflection, resulting in
the lathe bed.
vibrations.
Since this type of lathe cannot
Can handle heavier jobs
withstand heavy cutting loads,
Capability to handle involving heavy cutting
therefore its use is confined to
jobs forces and severe cutting
relatively lighter and smaller
conditions
jobs and precision work.

Maximum bar size
that can be Upto 200 mm diameter Upto 60 mm diameter.
handled
Almost full length of the
Limited tool travel (since the
bed (since the turret
Tool travel tool feeding is done by the
saddle directly rides over
traverse of the slide).
the bed way).
Relatively slower and as
The tool traverse is faster and
Rate of tool such provides more
offers less fatigue to the
feeding fatigue to the operator’s
operator’s hands.
hands.
Types of Turret Lathes
 Horizontal turret lathe

1. Ram Type Capstan Lathe
2. Saddle Type Turret Lathe
 Horizontal turret lathe

1. Ram Type Capstan Lathe
2. Saddle Type Turret Lathe
 Vertical Turret lathe

Common Tools and Attachments
Used on Turret and Capstan Lathes
 Work stops or Bar stops

 Drill and reamer holders
 Tap and die holders
 Boring tools
 Knurling tools
 Centring and chamfering tools
 Turning tools
 Reaming tools
 Box tools
Box Tools
 As the tool, mounted on the tool holder, is

fed into the work from the unsupported end,
some sort of support is supplied by the
holder on to the work to prevent any
deflection or vibration set up by the heavy
cutting action of the tool.
 The holders containing the tool and the
support practically enclose the work as the
metal cutting progresses.
 Hence this class of tool holders is named as
box tool holders and the tools as box tools.
BoX Tools - Types
BoX Tools - Types
BoX Tools - Types
BoX Tools - Types
Tool Layout
 In order to perform any work in a capstan or turret

lathe, proper planning for systematic operations
should be carried out in advance before setting the
work on the lathe.
Tool Layout
Procedure:
1. For effective planning and control, for each capstan or turret
lathe, an upto-date capacity chart is an essential requirement.
2. For tooling layout, a drawing of the finished part is also
needed.
3. The proper tool selection for different operations should be
made from the available tools and tool holders.
4. The length of travel of tools for each turret face is now
calculated from the chart and position of stops decided.
5. The proper spindle speed, feed and depth of the cut are now
worked out for each operation.
6. The work and the tools are then set on the machine according
to the planned chart.
Tool Layout
 Example: Sequence of Operations:

Raw material: Hexagonal Bar
1. Turning
2. Facing
3. Threading
4. Chamfering
5. Parting
Tool Layout
 Setting of the bar stops

Tool Layout
 Setting of the roller steady box turning tool

Tool Layout
 Setting of bar ending tool

Tool Layout
 Setting of self opening die head

Tool Layout
 Setting of chamfering tool

Tool Layout
 Setting of parting off tool

Automatic Lathes
 Automatic lathes are machine tools in which the

components are machined automatically.
 The working cycle is fully automatic that is
repeated to produce duplicate parts without
participation of the operator.
 All the working and idle operations are performed in
a definite sequence by the control system adopted
in the automatic which is set up to suit a given
work.
 Strictly speaking the machine is not fully automatic
since operator is required to load the machine for
a batch of parts and start each cycle.
 These machines are used when production
requirements are too high for turret lathes to
produce economically.
Advantages
 Greater production over a given period.

 More economy in floor space.
 More consistently accurate work than turrets.
 More constant flow of production.
 Scrap loss is reduced by eliminating operator
error.
 During the automatic machining operation,
the operator is free to operate another
machine or inspect the completed parts.
Classification of Automatic Machines
 Depending Upon The Type Of Work Machined:

1. Magzine loaded Automatics:
These machines are used for producing
components from accurate separate blanks.
These machines are also called ‘Automatic
chucking machines’.
Depending Upon the type of Work Machined:

2. Automatic bar Machines:
• Automatic bar machines are designed for
machining components from bar or pipe stock.
• These machines are chiefly used for the
manufacture of high quality fasteners (screws,
nuts and studs), bushings, shafts, rings,
rollers, handled and other parts, usually made
of bar or pipe stock.
Depending upon the number of work spindles:
1. Single spindle automatics and
2. Muti-spindle automatics
Types of Single Spindle Automatics:
 Automatic cutting off machines

 Single Spindle Automatic Screw Machine

 Swiss type Automatic Screw Machine

 The machine is also known as ‘Sliding head screw
machine’ or movable headstock machine’ because the
head stock is movable and the tools are fixed.
 These machines are used for machining long accurate
parts of small diameter (2to25mm).
 The machine does step, straight, taper, back, and
form cutting.
 With special attachments, centering, drilling and
reaming operations can also be performed.
Multi Spindle Automatic Machines
 Parallel action multi-spindle automatics

Multi Spindle Automatic Machines
 Progressive-action multi-spindle Automatics

Cutting Speed
 It is the distance travelled per minute by a

point on the circumference of the work in
a direction parallel to the direction of the
feed of the tool.
 It is expressed in meters per minute and
is given by the formula.
DN
V m / min
1000
Where, D is diameter of work in mm
Feed
 Feed of the tool, which denotes the

advancement of the tool for each revolution of
the work.
 The tool can be moved in three directions
with respect to the axis of the work and the
corresponding feeds are:
➢ Longitudinal Feed
➢ Cross Feed
➢ Angular Feed
Depth of Cut
 Thickness of the metal removed in a cut by the

tool is known as Depth of cut.
 In other words, ‘depth of cut’ as the distance,
measured normal to the work axis, by which
the point of the tool penetrates into the job
surface in a cut.
 It will, obviously, be equal to half the difference
of two diameters of the job.
Dd
t mm
 It will be expressed thus: 2
D : initial dia.
d : final dia.
Machining Time
 The Total Time required in completing a

job by machining.
 It will include:
➢ time required in setting of job,
➢ time required in setting of tool or tools
and
➢ Handling time, etc.
Calculation of Machining Time
 Suppose the work is to be turned through a length of L1

mm,
 L2 = Distance required for feeding the tool cross-wise,
 L3 = Over travel of the tool in mm at the end of each cut
 t = Depth of cut in mm.
 f1= Feed in mm per revolution
 N = Speed in rpm of the work
 n = Total number of cuts taken for obtaining the required
diameter or the number of passes.
 Then, L = Total distance, in mm that the tool travels in
the direction of the feed in a single cut
 i.e L = L1 + L2 + L3
Calculation of Machining Time
 n = Total number of cuts taken for obtaining the required

diameter or the number of passes.
 Then, the total distance, in mm that the tool travels:
 S=Lxn
 And f1= Feed in mm per revolution
 Then, the amount of feed (f) per minute will be given by
 f = f1×N mm
 The time T, in minutes, required for the tool to move
through the complete length S mm will be computed by
the formula:
S S
T  min
f f1.n
LATHE MACHINE
(TUTORIAL QUESTIONS)
Unit – II
Course : Metal Cutting and Machine Tools
Tutorial Questions
1. What is the working principle of Lathe Machine?

Tutorial Questions
1. What is the working principle of Lathe Machine?

Ans:
 The Lathe can be defined as a Machine tool which holds the work
between two rigid and strong supports, called Centres, or in a
Chuck or Face plate while the latter revolves.
 The chuck or the face plate is mounted on the projected end of the
machine spindle.
 The cutting tool is rigidly held and supported in a Tool post and is
fed against the revolving work.
 While the work revolved about its own axis the tool is made to
move either parallel to or at an inclination with this axis to cut the
desired material.
 In doing so it produces a Cylindrical surface, if it is fed parallel to
the axis or will produce a tapered surface if it is fed at an
inclination.
Tutorial Questions
2. Give any two specifications of Lathe Machine.

Ans:

Tutorial Questions
2. Give any two specifications of Lathe Machine.

Ans:
 The height of the centers measured from the lathe bed.
 The swing diameter over bed i.e., the largest diameter of work that will
revolve with out touching the bed and is twice the height of the center
measured from the bed of the lathe.
 The length between centers. This is the maximum length of the work
that can be mounted between the lathe centers.
 The swing diameter over carriage. This is the largest diameter of the
work that will revolve over the lathe saddle, and is always less than the
swing diameter over the bed.
 The maximum bar diameter. This is the maximum diameter the bar
stock that will pass through pass through hole of the headstock spindle.
 The length of the bed. This indicates the approximate floor space
occupied by the lathe.
Tutorial Questions
3. Give applications of Speed Lathe.

Ans:
Speed lathes are usually employed for:
 wood turning,
 polishing,
 centering and
 metal spinning, etc.

Tutorial Questions
4. When do you use Production Lathes?

Ans:
When large number of limited variety of
components are to be produced, then
production lathes like capstan and turret
lathes are used.
Tutorial Questions
5. For holding cylindrical work pieces, which type

of device is used?
Ans:
Three jaw Self centering chuck
Tutorial Questions
6. What is the function of Tailstock.

Ans:
It is situated at the right hand end of the bed.
 It is used for supporting the right end of the
work.
 It is also used for holding and feeding the tools
such as drills, reamers, taps etc., to perform

drilling, reaming and tapping operations.
Tutorial Questions
7. What is the use of Compound slide?

Ans:
It is used for giving feed to the tool during taper
turning operation.
Tutorial Questions
8. What is the function of Apron?

Ans:
 It is the hanging part in front of the carriage.
 It serves as a housing for a number of gear
trains through which power feed can be given to

the carriage and the cross slide.
 Also, it carries the clutch mechanism and the
split half nut

Tutorial Questions
9. Lathe Mandrels are used for______________

Ans:
 A “mandrel” can be described as a solid steel
shaft or spindle which is used for holding bored

parts for machining their outside surfaces on
lathe. They are also known as arbors.
 Mandrels are usually employed for those jobs
(relatively small) which have a finished hole

which is concentric with the outer surface that is
to be machined.
Tutorial Questions
10. Define Taper

Ans:
 For conical pieces, the difference between the diameters of
their ends is known as taper.

 For flat pieces the difference between the widths or
thicknesses of their ends is known as taper

Tutorial Questions
1. Explain, with the help of a neat sketch, the

principle of working in a lathe.
2. How is the size of a Lathe determined? Explain
the term ‘Swing’.
3. What factors govern the Classification of
Lathes? Describe in brief the various types of
Lathes.
Tutorial Questions
4.Give a neat diagram of an Engine Lathe.

Describe and mark its Main parts and Controls.
5 Write short notes on the following :
(a) 3-jaw chuck (b) 4-jaw Independent chuck, (c)
Combination chuck (d) Magnetic chuck (e) Air
and hydraulic chucks, and (f) Collet chuck.
6.What is a Face Plate? Where will you prefer its
use and why? Sketch and describe the following:
(a) Angle Plate, and (b) Lathe Dogs.
Tutorial Questions
7. What are Mandrels and why are they used?

Describe the construction and use of different
types of Mandrels.
8. What are the Steady and Follower Rests? Why
are they used?
9. Describe the different type of the tool posts used
on a lathe.
Tutorial Questions
10. What Machining Operations can be performed

on a Centre Lathe?
11. Describe various Taper Turning Processes
used for production of Taper work on Lathes and
compare their relative merits.
12. Describe the Taper Turning Attachment of a
Lathe. What are its merits and demerits over
other methods of Taper Turning?
Tutorial Questions
I
11. Difference between Lead screw and Feed rod.
Lead Screw: It is used for giving power feed to
the carriage during thread cutting operation.
Feed rod: It is used for giving power feed to the
carriage during turning operation.
Tutorial Questions
12. Use of Thread Chasers.

Ans:
Helps in correct engagement of the tool with the
previously cut thread.
Tutorial Questions
II
13. Explain the procedure of cutting threads on
lathe machine.
Ans:
Thread cutting Procedure
 Work is held between centers

 Calculate change gears
 Mount the gears on the driving shaft(main spindle)
and driven shaft(lead screw).
 Setting the V cutting tool in the tool holder.
 Reduce the spindle speed using back gear
mechanism.
 Operate the half nut mechanism and give power feed
to the carriage.
 Required thread profile is formed and repeat the
process until final depth is arrived.
Tutorial Questions
III
1. The size of a lathe is expressed by
(A) Gross weight of lathe
(B) Diameter of chuck
C) Maximum speed of chuck
(D) Swing of lathe
(E) Height of centres from ground
 Ans: D
Tutorial Questions
III
2. Lathe bed is made of
(A) Mild steel
(B) Cast steel
(C) Pig iron
(D) Close grain cast iron
(E) Alloy steel.
 Ans: D
Tutorial Questions
III
3. The power is transmitted by lead screw to the
carriage through
(A) Gear system
(B) Pulley drive
(C) Rack and pinion a arrangement
(D) Half nut
(E) Chain drive.
 Ans: D
Tutorial Questions
III
4. A left hand tool on a lathe cuts most efficiently
when
(A) It travels from left to right
(B) It travels from right to left
(C) It travels across the bed
(D) It is operated by compound slide
(E) Automatic feed is connected.
 Ans: A
Tutorial Questions
III
5. While using HSS tools on a lathe, cutting speed
will be maximum when machining
(A) Cast iron
(B) Mild steel
(C) High carbon steel
(D) High speed steel
(E) Aluminium
 Ans: E
Tutorial Questions
III
6. In which operation on a work piece on lathe the
spindle speed will be least?
(A) Parting off
(B) Finishing
(C) Taper turning
(D) Thread cutting
(E) Plain turning
 Ans: D
Tutorial Questions
III
7. Steady rest is
(A) An additional support provided for long jobs
(B) Used while turning unsymmetrical objects
(C) Used during thread cutting only
(D) Used when a lathe is subject to vibrations
(E) Used when a lathe is not provided with
foundations
 Ans: A
Tutorial Questions
III
8. Which one of the following methods be used for
turning internal tapers only?
(A) Compound rest
(B) Tailstock offset
(C) Taper attachment
(D) Form tool
(E) Reamer
 Ans: C
Tutorial Questions
III
9. The tailstock set over for a job when
D=30mm,d=22mm,L=255mm,l=75mm would be
(A) 4 mm D  d 
Setover  L j
(B) 8 mm 2L
(C) 12 mm  30  22
 255 X  13.6 mm
(D) 13.6 mm 2 X 75
(E) 24 mm
 Ans: D
Taper Turning
 By Setting Over the Tailstock
D  d  Setover  Length of the work X

Total taper
Setover  L j 2 X taper length
2L
Tutorial Questions
III
10. The tail stock set over in turning a taper of
1 in 12 in a piece of 84mm long would be
(A) 2.5 mm
Total taper
(B) 3.5 mm Setover  Length of the work X
2 X taper length
(C) 5 mm Total taper 1

(D) 7 mm taper length 12
(E) 8.4 mm 1
Setover  84 X
 Ans: B 2 X 12
Tutorial Questions
III
11. A mandrel is
(A) A slightly tapered hardened steel shaft that supports
works which cannot be supported otherwise.
(B) A tapered gauge used for inspection of tapered holes
(C) Auxiliary chuck used on lathe for holding small loads.
(D) Is used in lathe work to hold castings
(E) None of the above.
 Ans: B
Tutorial Questions
III
12. In a centre lathe gear box for changing spindle speeds
the provision for speeds is made in
(A) Arithmetical progression
(B) Geometrical progressions
(C) Square progression
(D) Cubical progression
(E) Random members.
 Ans: B
Tutorial Questions
III
13. While machining a brass casting on a lathe, the type of
chuck used is
(A) Collect chuck
(B) Magnetic chuck
(C) Face plate
(D) Three jaw chuck
(E) Four jaw chuck
 Ans: E
Tutorial Questions
III
14.When large number of components are turned and parted
off from a bar, the chuck used is
(A) Three jaw chuck
(B) Four jaw chuck
(C) Face place
(D) Collet chuck
(E) Magnetic chuck.
 Ans: D
Tutorial Questions
III
15. Undercutting is
(A) An operation of cutting extra wide threads
(B) An operation of cutting a groove next to a shoulder on
a piece of work.
(C) Cutting from the base of a work piece.
(D) An operation of cutting deep grooves.
(E) None of the above.
Ans: B
IV
1.Calculate the angle at which the compound
rest would be swiveled for cutting a taper on
a workpiece having a length of 180mm and
outside diameter 90mm. The smallest
diameter on the tapered end of the rod
should be 60mm and the required length of
the tapered portion is 100mm.
2.A Lathe, having cone pulley drive, carries a
4-stepped Cone pulley. The diameters of
the four steps are 100mm, 140mm,
180mm and 220mm. The Pinions on the
spindle and the Back gear shaft each carry
20 teeth while the meshing gears carry 60
teeth each. If the machine Motor drives the
Countershaft at a speed of 300 r.p.m.,
calculate the different speeds which can be
obtained for the Lathe Spindle.

MCMT Unit-II

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MCMT Unit-II

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LATHE MACHINE

Student will be able to

 List the different types of lathe machines

 Specify the lathe machine

 Select appropriate work holder to hold the different

 Machine tools are the kind of machines on which

The machine tools are classified as follows:

2. Production Machine Tools

Various elements of machine tools are:

 Structure-formed by bed, column and frame.

 Kinematics of machine tool drives.

 Slides and tool structure.

 Spindles and spindle bearing.

 The height of the centers

 Bed castings are usually made to have a box

 The guide ways are of two types: (a) Flat

It consist of the following main parts:

 Back gears and back gear lever,

 Main spindle or Head stock spindle

 Live centre, and

 Feed reverse lever.

 It is used for supporting the right end of the work.

 It is used for supporting the right end of the work.

 It is employed for imparting various feeds

 Three jaw universal chuck

 In these chucks, Air or Hydraulic Pressure is

 It is employed for holding work in

 They form a very important group of Lathe

 A “mandrel” can be described as a solid steel shaft or

 When a very long job is to be turned

 Sometimes, when the job is too flexible, it

 Jigs and fixtures are used in conduction with

 Introduction to Machine Tools

 Single Tool Post

 Open side tool post

 Four bolt tool post

 Four way tool post

 Facing is an operation of machining the ends of a

 Turning is the most commonly used operation in

 The term ‘turning’, in the general sense, refers

 Shoulder turning and

 Taper Turning by a Form Tool

 By Setting Over the Tailstock

D  d  Setover  Length of the work X

 By Swiveling the Compound Rest:

 By Taper Turning Attachment:

 In certain lathes both longitudinal and cross feed may

be engaged simultaneously causing the tool to follow a

the rate of feeds by change gears.

 Reduce the spindle speed

 Reduce the spindle speed

 Reduce the spindle speed

 All the Lathes are provided with a set of

Aspects Turret lathe Capstan lathe

Aspects Turret lathe Capstan lathe

Aspects Turret lathe Capstan lathe

Aspects Turret lathe Capstan lathe

 Horizontal turret lathe

 Horizontal turret lathe

 Vertical Turret lathe

 Work stops or Bar stops

 As the tool, mounted on the tool holder, is

 In order to perform any work in a capstan or turret