Relevant to the fact in issue

To show that the object is the subject matter

Must be formally offered

Relevant

Adheres to the senses of the court

Authenticated by a competent witness

De nition: duly recorded authorized movements and custody of seized drugs

Where the evidence are balanced or there is doubt on which side the evidence preponderates

Duty to present evidence to establish a claim Object evidence

Seizure and marking by apprehending of cer

Burden of proof
Requisites for admissibility
4 links
Duty to present evidence to establish or rebut a fact in issue Turnover by apprehending of cer to the investigating of cer
Burden of evidence
Equipoise rule Facts that judges may take and act on without proof because these facts are already known to them Chain of custody

Turnover by the investigating of cer to the forensic chemist for lab examination

Pant - pong - m Turnover from forensic chemist to the court

When mandatory Rule 130
Burden of proof and burden of evidence
Unique objects

When discretionary Categories of object evidence Objects made unique

Unquestionable demonstration

Non-unique objects
Positive evidence
Public knowledge

Negative evidence
Actual physical or autopic evidence
Ought to be known to judges because of their judicial function

Competent evidence
Shown or presented to the court
Person who made the recording
Means of ascertaining truth respecting a matter fact of truth Demonstrative evidence
Credible evidence
Some other person competent to testify
Identi ed, explained, or authenticated
Relation to facts in issue as to induce belief of its existence or In other stages of judicial proceeding
Direct evidence Admissibility. non- existence Oral or written
Evidence Relevance
Cannot be excluded by constitution or law Pleadings led
Circumstantial evidence
Competence Made by a party to the case
Course of the trial
Multiple admissibility DNA evidence
In the course of the proceedings
Two or more purposes shall admitted for purposes

Conditional admissibility Immaterial at the time of its offer but connected with other facts to be
proved

Curative admissibility May be made in

Introduce inempetent evidence in his behalf where the court admitted

Exclusion on the rules on evidence

Facts of judicial notice

Judicial admissions
Original document rule

Hearsay evidence rule

Conclusive presumptions

Offer of compromise in civil cases

What need not be proved

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