SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

G+3 RESIDENTIAL

PROJECT: G+3 RESIDENTIAL

OWNER: GETACHEW NAGARA SONA

DESIGNED BY: EXIFANOS M.

LICENSE NO .GE/24410
 Table of contents

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................2
DESIGN APPROACH.....................................................................................................2
DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS................................................................................................2
1.0 BASIC DATA....................................................................................................1
1.1 SITE CONDITION.............................................................................................1
1.2 DESIGN DATA.................................................................................................1
1.3.1 Population..............................................................................................1
1.3.2 Waste Water Production.........................................................................1
1.3.3 Plumbing System...................................................................................1
1.3.4 Availability of Pipe Materials................................................................1
1.3.5 WASTE WATER Collection Treatment and Disposal System.............2
2.0 THE DESIGN....................................................................................................2
2.1 WATER SUPPLY..............................................................................................2
2.1.1 Source.....................................................................................................2
2.1.2 Storage....................................................................................................2
2.1.3 Distribution............................................................................................2
2.2.1 Source.....................................................................................................5
2.2.2 Sewer Line.............................................................................................5
A. Pipe Layout............................................................................................5
B. Pipe sizing:.............................................................................................6
C. Vents......................................................................................................6
2.2.3 Disposal..................................................................................................6
2.3 WATER PROOFING WORKS:-..........................................................................7
2.4 STORM WATER COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL...................................7
2.4.1Source.........................................................................................................7
2.4.2Drainage Lines...........................................................................................7
2.4.3 Sizing of Drainage Lines........................................................................7
2.5. Disposal.......................................................................................................8
 INTRODUCTION
This report is prepared for the “Sanitary Design of a Residence”.
The building is owned by: - Getachew Nagara Sona.
It is located in Lemmi Kura sub city.

The design is initiated by the owner of the building requesting the sanitary Engineer to do the sanitary design
for the above mentioned building. In view of above, the two entered into a contractual agreement for the
sanitary design.

Design Approach
Sanitary design of such a building will have two component parts – water supply system, and wastewater
collection and disposal system. And the Design is carried out by making use of the ES-EN3960 other
International Standards.

Water supply system

 A direct system is used and following are the Design steps:
 Estimation of water demand of the building
 Determination of storage capacities for roof water tank
 Locating the roof tank
 Laying out the internal and external water supply systems
 Design of the internal water supply systems
 Design of the external water supply system

Wastewater collection and disposal system

 Design of the wastewater collection and disposal system is carried out using on-site sanitation
system. Following are the design steps:
 Laying out the internal wastewater collection systems
 Design of the internal wastewater collection systems (adopting separate collection systems for toilet
and non-toilet wastes
 Estimation of sewage quantity
 Laying out the external wastewater collection system
 Design of the external wastewater collection system

Design Assumptions
Following are the assumptions made in the design:
a) The number of users is assumed to be eight for this case (for worst scenario)
b) Sufficient pressure head will be available in the municipal water supply system to lift the water to the
roof tank.
c) The size of the roof tank is determined using 2-days storage for there may be no reliable water supply
d) The diameter of water supply pipes and wastewater pipes is determined using loading unit and
discharge unit methods respectively
1.0 BASIC DATA

1.1 Site Condition

The project site is generally flat.

1.2 Design Data

1.3.1 Population

Water demand of the project has been established on the basis of liters per capita ( q) for
residential
Water Consumption per Day (Q) = qP

= 500X10 = 5000lit/day

1.3.2 Waste Water Production

The main sources of waste water are sanitary facilities within the Building. The quantity of
liquid waste produced is estimated on basis of type of SN-fixtures, safety and economical
simultaneity factors.

1.3.3 Plumbing System

Standard and common engineering practices have been used in determining the plumbing
system lay out, to meet the following merits:

 Conveys the flow quickly, quietly, free of nuisance.

 Minimizes risk of blockage or leakage

 Well ventilated & sealed for escape of foul air

 Accessibility for installation inspection and maintenance.

1.3.4 Availability of Pipe Materials

The available piping materials in the local market are galvanized steel, HDPE compression
pipe, UPVC, the PP-R pipes, including respective fittings. UPVC, PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
and concrete pipes are the major available materials for sewerage. The design, therefore,
envisages the use of PP-R pipes for internal conveying of water supply, for waste water
drainage systems, UPVC drainage pipes are recommended.

1.3.5 WASTE WATER Collection Treatment and Disposal System

The sewer System have been arranged to meet the Design Standards:
  Conveys the flow quickly, quietly, free of nuisance.

 Minimizes risk of blockage or leakage

 Well ventilated & sealed for escape of foul air

 Accessibility for installation inspection and maintenance.

A new expansion of the municipal sewer line is expected nearby, which will be the
destination for the waste disposal system of the project; and septic tank is proposed as a
temporary solution.

2.0 THE DESIGN

2.1 Water Supply

2.1.1 Source

As it is assumed that potable water supply by the Municipality is dependable, there was no
need for locating or investigating for an independent source of potable water.

2.1.2 Storage

As a safeguard against interruption and resolution for any fluctuation of water supply,
provision of water reservoir is mandatory. This must be adequate enough to meet the water
requirement, at least, for twenty-four hours. An elevated water tank over roof systems,
facilitate the gravity distribution of water to sanitary units in all floors evenly.

2.1.3 Distribution

The water requirement/ water demand of the building was calculated by assigning specific
load values from Codes of Standard (EBCS-9) to all fixtures in order to achieve economy in
selecting pipe sizes and to ensure adequate supply to all fixtures at all times.

A. PIPE SIZING: sizes of pipes are determined from monograms, charts and/or tables
based on fixture loading units and Hazen William's formula, namely V= 0.85cR 0.63
S 0.54
A1. Pipe Sizing in Buildings: This was performed on basis of load values of sanitary
appliances under consideration and was taken from standards.

The determination and selection of each pipe section is based on the water flow in each pipe
section, as directed from the water flow required at each fixture draw-off points.
 Table 3: Flow Required for Various Fixtures at Draw-off Points

Discharge at draw-off
Fixture Type Points (q) in l/s
Hand wash basin (HWB) 0.125
Water closet (WC) 0.100

Shower (Sh) 0.250

Bath tub (Bt) 0.350

The above water flow from each fixture is used to calculate the design flow, or the total
simultaneous demand in each pipe section by taking into account simultaneity coefficient.

Qd =kxq
Where:
Qd = Design Flow (l/s)
k = 1/(n-1) 0.5 = probable simultaneity coefficient
n = number of fixture (n> 2)
q = discharge at draw-off points (l/s)

The flow velocity range was also considered where a minimum of 0.6 m/s and maximum of
2.0 m/s was used for convenience of the water flow; i.e no excessive friction loss, no noise
disturbance and no stagnation of flow occur.

A sample pipe sizing calculation for a toilet, riser diagram, is shown in tabular form, and the
schematic diagram is presented in the following page.

In Table 4: V = velocity of flow (m/s)

A = area of pipe size (m2)
I = unit head loss (m/m)
L = pipe length (m)
HI = IxL (m)
Hf = total head loss (m)

Table 4: Pipe Sizing of Common Toilet at floor

Hl(m
Section n q (l/s) K Q(l/s) d(mm) A(m2) V(m/s) I(m/m) L(m) )
a 1 0.2 1 0.2 15 0.000177 1.28 0.25 1.00 0.25
b 2 0.55 1 0.55 15 0.000177 3.1 0.54 0.50 0.27
c 1 0.125 1 0.125 15 0.000177 0.71 0.05 1.00 0.05
d 2 0.225 1 0.225 15 0.000177 1.27 0.32 0.50 0.16
e 4 0.775 0.577 0.447 20 0.000314 1.42 0.38 0.50 0.19
   hf 0.92
The same procedure, as shown above, have been adopted for each sub-main supply pipe, and
the sizes of all branch pipes are similarly determined and shown on floor plans and riser
diagrams.

Water Supply Pipe Line

Schematically Diagram

A2. Rising Main Pipe: This is a pipe feeding the elevated/ roof water tank. It is just an
extension of the pipe from water meter.

B. Roof Mounted Water Tank Sizes:

Roof water tank provision is selected based on the fact that any cut-off in the main
distribution system may interrupt, or seriously affect, the proper functions of the buildings.

Roof water tank sizes are determined from the daily water requirement for sanitary units
located in the building or the population being served. Assuming three days interruption of
supply:

Volume = 3 x daily demand

= 3x (population served x rate demand lpcd)

= 3 x 300x 10 = 10000 liter

= 10000 liter is nearby available size. .

Therefore, provide two horizontal type fiberglass water tanks each with volume of 10000
liters, double Unit of nearby available standard size.

C. Pumping

There is no boosting pump introduction due to the assumption that the Municipal Street main
can provide sufficient head to feed the roof water tanks of the caption project.
2.2 WASTE WATER COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

2.2.1 Source

The main sources of waste water are the bathing, toilet, and other sanitary facilities within and
outside the blocks. The rate of wastewater production is established on the basis of standard
engineering practices.

2.2.2 Sewer Line

The appropriate sewer pipe material and size, and system layouts have been selected &
arranged in such a way that:
A. Pipe Layout
The sewer System have been arranged to meet the Design Standards:
 Conveys the flow quickly, quietly, free of nuisance.
 Minimizes risk of blockage or leakage
 Well ventilated & sealed for escape of foul air
 Accessibility for installation inspection and maintenance.

B. Material Selection
Material of the SEWER pipe is PVC for internal, and UPVC for external, which are:
 Ease of construction
 Efficient
 Available.
B. Pipe sizing:

Pipe size is determined based on fixture type, size of outlet and quality(nature) and quantity
of waste flow, as well as using Nomo grams and tables which are prepared based on
FIXTURE UNIT VALUES of the Sanitary appliances under consideration.
 All block internal sewer lines, the horizontal branches and vertical stacks are of PVC
pipes. .
 The external sewer lines shall be of UPVC pipes of suitable size and quality, with
manholes at every change of direction or invert elevation, branching/joining points,
before and after road crossings, and at 40 m to 50m interval in straight run.
C. Vents

Since waste water flow during flushing a fixture or group of them, tends to loosen the water
seal of fixtures at upstream and create an access to the foul gases to escape into the rooms,
vent pipes are provided to lead such foul gases in the drainage system to the external of the
building, above the roof terminal, thereby maintaining atmospheric pressure in the system that
is reducing air turbulence.

A stack vent, which is an extension part of the vertical stack collecting soil and waste water
products down to the ground floor, is extended up through the roofing system to the exterior
of the building and terminates with a vent cap, mostly at 30cm above the roof terminal.
2.2.3 Disposal

A new expansion of the municipal sewer line is expected nearby, which will be the
destination for the waste disposal system of the project; and septic tank is proposed as a
temporary solution.

2.2.4 Septic Tank Capacity Determination

 Water demand = 1000/l/c/d

 Users = Staff + 30% of students = 103 + 403 = 506
 Detention time = 1 day
 Dislodging time = 1 1/2 years (548 days)
 Per capita sludge production = 0.15 l/c/d
 Septic tank capacity = liquid volume + sludge volume
 Liquid volume (Lv) = Users x water demand x detention time
= 20x 100 X 1
= 2000liters
 Sludge volume (Sv) = Users x per capita sludge production x desludging time
= 20 X 0.15 X 548
= 1644 liters
Septic tank volume = Lv+Sv=2000+1644=3644 liter 4000 liters

Therefore, provide 8 m3 capacity septic tank for the building.

2.3 Water Proofing Works:-

All wet rooms, balconies, flat roofs, & concrete gutters parking shall be made water tight
with water proofing treatment.

2.4 STORM WATER COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

2.4.1Source
The main sources of storm water are the roof of the blocks, parking areas access roads and
other pavements, and greeneries.
2.4.2Drainage Lines

Ditches, Crossing Pipes, outfall systems are selected taking into account ease of flow,
provision of adequate gradients to develop silt dragging velocity.
2.4.1 Sizing of Drainage Lines
Sizing of Drainage System requires the quantity of flow produced in the catchment
under consideration. To calculate flow rate from Catchment under consideration,
rational method is adopted. Rational formula is better to estimate flow of catchment
areas less than 50ha (5km²). The rational formula estimates the peak rate of any
location in catchment areas as a function of the catchment's area, run-off
coefficient, and mean rainfall intensity for duration equal to the time of
concentration.

The rate of run-off Q (l/s) can be calculated by the following equation

 Q = CIAc
Where,
Ac = is the catchment area under consideration
I = is rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
C = Rational coefficient related to surface conditions.

N.B ''i'' is taken to be 75mm/hr for roof runoff and 50mm/hr for site work analysis. the data
is adopted from a study document entitled "action plan for flood control and drainage of
bahirdar town may 2002” prepared by metaferia consulting engineers plc.

a. Sizing Gutters and Down Pipes: The size of gutters and down pipes are determined
and checked against the formula adopted from Building Research Establishment
Digest 189, Part 2.

Q = [A03 /B x 10-4 (l/s)]

H0 = A0 , Hd =2H0 + Free board (taking into account force flow)

Where
Q = roof run off = CIAe (l/s)
3600N
C = Rational coefficient (C=1 for impervious surfaces)
N = Number of assumed down pipes.
Ao = x - Sectional area of flow at out let
B = Gutter width
Ho = depth of flow at outlet
Hd = Designed gutter depth

b. Sizing compound Storm Runoff Drainage System

 Material selected is Half Ø30cm concrete Pipe.

 Due to the backward slope of the project site, the storm drainage system
requires special considerations. Thus, the compound should be filled to reverse
the slope.

 Outfall will be the nearby road side ditches of the project site.

Size of the channel is analyzed using the Chezy formula:

V= C(mi)1/2

Where – C = Chezy constant

V = flow Velocity

m = Hydraulic mean Depth

I = inclination or fall

Metal or concrete grill covers are to be provided at entrances and pavements and roads
crossing.
2.5. Disposal

The nearby road side drainage system will be the outfall of the caption project.
Bibliography

1. Ethiopian Building Code of Standard (EBCS 9)

2. Technical Briefs on Health, Water and Sanitation by John Picck Ford.

Intermediate Technology Publications, 1991.

3. Water Supply and Sewerage, E.W. Steel and Tenenced Mc Ghee, Mc Grew Hill, 1997

4. Civil Engineering Hand Book, Leonard Church Urguhart, 4th edition

Mc Grew Hill, Book Company

5. Standard Hand Book of Civil Engineering.

6. Gurcharan Singh, Standasrd Publishers Distributers.