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Performance of non-Marathi saint poets

Article · February 2022

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Veera Mandavkar
Indira Mahavidyalaya, Kalamb, Dist. Yavatmal
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 मराठे तर संतकवींची काम गर
Performance of non-Marathi saint poets
izk-MkW-lkS- ohjk iou ekaModj
lgk;d izk/;kid
bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac] ft-;orekG
Hkze.k/ouh 9403014885] b esy veeramandavkar18@gmail.com

गोषवारा:
संत आ म ानासाठ य नशील असतात, पण याचा फायदा इतर अ ानी जनांना होतो. व वध धमा"चे
संत आपाप$या धमा"तील चांग$या गो&ट( जगापुढे मांडतात. येक धम" सव"धम"समभावाची महती कथन करतो,
यासोबतच माणुसक0चीह( महती यात गायलेल( 1दसते. मराठ भा षक संतांसोबतच मराठे तर संतांनीह(
महारा&3ातील जनते4या मनावर रा5य केलेले आहे . स6मागा"वर चाल7याचा उपदे श केलेला आहे . जैनधम:य,
;<=तधम:य, वीरशैव, द तसं दायी, मुि=लमधम:य अशा अनेक धमा"4या संतांचा वावर महारा&3ा4या
संतमां1दयाळीत आढळतो. जैन धमा"तील पं. मेघराज, पं. कामराज, पं. सAु रजन, Bनरं जनमाधव, अभयक0त:,
वीरदास, दामापंCडत, भानक0त:, दयासागर, Dचमणा पंCडत, EFहपु7यसागर यां4या रचना उ$लेखनीय आहे त.
मराठ सा1ह यात मोलाची भर घाल7याचे काम ;<=तधम:य कवींनीह( केले आहे . यात अHIमाने नाव Jयावे
लागेल ते फादर ि=टफ6स यांचे. जैन आ;ण ;<=तधम:य संतांची आ;ण कवींची बहुतांश काKयBनLम"ती
धम" सारा4या प वM काया"ला वा1हलेल( आहे .
Abstract:
Saints strive for enlightenment, but it benefits other ignorant people. Saints of
different religions present the good things of their religion to the world. Every religion
emphasizes the importance of interfaith harmony, along with the importance of humanity.
Along with Marathi speaking saints, non-Marathi saints have also ruled the minds of the
people of Maharashtra. It is preached to walk on the path of righteousness. Saints of many
religions like Jainism, Christianity, Veershaiva, Datta Sampraday, Muslim worked in
Maharashtra. The compositions of Pt. Meghraj, Pt. Kamaraj, Pt. Surijan, Niranjanmadhav,
Abhaykirti, Veerdas, Dama Pandit, Bhankirti, Dayasagar, Chimana Pandit, Bramhapunyasagar
are notable. Christian poets have also done valuable work in Marathi literature. The first
name to be mentioned is that of Father Stephens. Most of the works of Jain and Christian
saints and poets are devoted to the sacred work of propagation of religion.

cht’kCn % समाज क$याण, धम", vपका मक काKय, Bनव ृ ती, ववेक, xतकथा, नyवर, आ म ान, social
welfare, religion, allegorical poetry, conscience, mortal, enlightenment

izLrkouk %
lar vkReKkuklkBh iz;Ru’khy vlrkr] i.k R;kpk Qk;nk brj vKkuh tukauk gksrks- larkauk
lektdY;k.kklkBh dqBysgh ca/ku ulrs- vusd /kekZP;k larkapk okoj egkjk”VªkP;k larekafn;kGhr vk<Grks-
egkjk”Vªkrhy tukauk rlsgh dqBY;kgh tkrh&/kekZP;k larkaps ln~fopkj vuqdj.kh; okVrkr] gs vusdnk fnlwu vkysys
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fo”k; foospu %
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laLdkj ijaijsus pkyr vkyk vkgs- ln~xq: vkf.k lar ;kaP;klkBh bZ’ojrqY; vlrkr- ;k larkauk lektdY;k.kklkBh
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?ks.;kr vkyk vkgs-

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ia- lqfjtufopfpr ^ijegaldFkk* gk vkiY;k jpukoSf’k”VîkkaeqGs vH;kldkaps y{k os/kwu ?ks.kkjk ;k
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1- vHk;dhrhZ & b-l- 1616- lrjkO;k ‘krdkryk ifgyk tSu doh- R;kauh 255 vksO;kaph vuarozrdFkk
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R;keqGs R;kaps nkfjnzîk tkrs vkf.k R;kyk ,s’o;Z izkIr gksrs] v’kh dFkk lkafxryh vkgs-
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ea=kps ekgkRE; of.kZysys vkgs- R;kpizek.ks ^usfeukFk oÚgkM* ;kr usfeukFk ;kaP;k fookgkph r;kjh o R;kus dsysyk
fookgkpk R;kx ;kps o.kZu 40 dMO;kae/;s vkysys vkgs-
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vkpk;Z ijaijk lq: >kyh- frP;krys tacwLokeh gs frljs vkpk;Z- b-l-iw- 5 P;k ‘krdkr >kysys- 16 vf/kdkj o
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frP;kr 24 vf/kdkj o 468 vksO;k] nku] ri] ‘khy o Hkkouk ;kr Hkko’kq)h lokZr Js”B vlk fuokMk Hkxoku
egkohjkauh fnY;kps ;kr lkafxrys vkgs- ;k xzaFkkP;k ,dk gLrfyf[krko:u vls fnlrs dh R;kP;k 285 vksO;kp
nkekus jfpysY;k vlwu iq<yk Hkkx HkkudhrhZus iw.kZ dsysyk vkgs-
4- HkkudhrhZ ¼HkkuqdhrhZ½ & b-l- 1679 vkSjaxkckn ihBkojps ikldhrhZ uarjps nqljs HkV~Vkjd Eg.kwu izfl)-
vo?kh pkj ins ,o<sp dkO;dr`ZRo- nkekiafMrkph ,d dkO;—rh iw.kZ dsY;kpk mYys[k vkyk vkgs-
5- n;klkxj & ;kpsp nqljs uko n;kHkw”k.k vlkos- R;kauah lE;dRo dkSeqnh gk 11 vf/kdkj o 2380
vksohla[;k vlysyk xzaFk fyfgyk- R;kauh vkiY;k jpukarwu tSurRokoj n`< Jn~/kk vl.ks gsp lE;dRo gk fopkj
ekaMyk- gs iVowu ns.;klkBh R;kauh vusd dFkk lkafxrY;k vkgsr- R;kpizek.ks Hkfo”;nRr ca/kqnRr iqjk.k & vf/kdkj
10 vksohla[;k 1389 gk gh xzaFk R;kauh fyfgyk- ;krgh Hkfo”;nRr o ca/kqnRr ;k nksu Hkkokaph dFkk lkafxryh vkgs-
ca/kqnRr gk LokFkhZ fopkjkaP;k vkgkjh tkÅu Hkfo”;nRrkps /ku ?ksÅu iGwu tkrks- R;kP;koj vusd ladVs vk.k.;kpk
iz;Ru djrks- i.k ‘ksoVh tSu/kekZizek.ks pky.;kÚ;k Hkfo”;nRrkpsp dY;k.k gksrs] v’kh ;kryh dFkk lkafxryh vkgs-
R;kapk /kekZe`riqjk.k gk 10 v/;k; vlysyk xzaFk laL—r xzaFkP;k vk/kkjs fyfgysyh vkgs-
6- fpe.kk iafMr & gs iSB.kyk jkg.kkjs gksrs- lar ,dukFkgh iSB.kpsp- R;keqGs fpe.kk iafMrkaP;k jpukaoj
lr ,dukFkkapk izHkko iMysyk fnlrks- R;kuh foiqy xzaFkjpuk dsyh- R;kr ejkBh Hkk”kspk vfHkeku O;Dr dj.kkjh 58
dMO;kaph ^vuarozrdFkk*] 36 dMO;kaph tSu {ks=kaph ^rhFkZoanuk*] ^f=dkG rhFkZadj iwtk*] 6 vksO;kaps ^xkseVLokeh
Lrks=*] 18 xhrkapk ^usfe’oj ikG.kk*] ^ekrsph 16 LoIus*] HkV~Vkjd ihBkojhy /keZpanz o /keZHkw”k.k ;kaph Lrqrh
dj.kkjs ^xq#xhr*] 7 vksO;kaph HkwikGh] 11 inkaps ^usfeukFk Hkokarj*] 3 dMO;kaph QqxMh] 5 dMO;kaps ^>aik*]
[ksGkojps vk/;kfRed :id vlysys ^fiaxk*] 4 dMoh vlysys ^y;y[kksVk*] ^fVijh xhrs*] 11 dMoh vlysys
^ckydNkVh*] ^panzukFk vkjrh*] ^fparke.kh ik’oZukFk vkjrh* v’kk vusd jpuk R;kauh jpysY;k vkgsr- MkW- lqHkk”kpanz
vDdksGs ;kauh fpe.kk iafMrkafo”k;h fyfgys vkgs] ^rs R;k dkGps ,d lektfiz; lkfgfR;d vlkos vls fnlrs- rs tkbZ
R;k fBdk.kh ,[kkns in] vkjrh vFkok Lrqrh v’kh dkgh jpuk d:u lkeqnkf;d mRlokr Hkkx ?ksr vlkos-*
7- czEgiq.;lkxj & gs b-l- 1658 uarj gksÅu xsys- R;kauh ftunklkpk ^gfjoa’kiqjk.k* gk viw.kZ jkfgysyk
xzaFk iw.kZ dsyk- ;k xzaFkkps 55 v/;k; ftunklkps vlwu iq<hy v/;k; iq.;lkxjps vkgsr- R;kpizek.ks R;kauh ^jfookj
dFkk* gh 332 vksO;kaph ejkBh jpuk dsyh-
8- iar lkckth & b-l- 1665 ;k dkGkr rs gksmu xsys- R;kauh lqxa/k n’keh ozrdFkk fyfgY;k- izkphu
ejkBh tSu okM~e;kr ;k ozrkoj fyfgY;k xsysyk gk ,deso xzaFk vkgs-
fo’kkydhrhZ & ¼nsosanzdhrhZf’k”;½ ;kapk dkG lk/kkj.kr% b-l- 1688 vlk vkgs- ;kauh ^/keZijh{kk* ukokph jpuk dsyh-
vFkkZr gk xzaFk R;kauh Lor% fyfgysyk ukgh- R;kauh mins’k dsyk vkf.k Kkulkxjkus xzaFkkph Bso.kh r;kj dsyh- loZ
/kekZr tSu /keZ dlk Js”B vkgs gs ;kr nk[kfoys vkgs- oSfnd] ckS)] rkil] ‘osrkacj iaFk vkf.k rq#d ¼EysaPN½ ;kaP;k
erkaps ;k xzaFkkr ukV~;e; i)rhus [kaMu dsysys vkgs- R;k dkGh iztsyk eqlyekukapk tks tkp gksrk R;kps ;FkkFkZ fp=
;k xzaFkkr FkksMD;kr js[kkVysys vkgs- vftrdhrhZpk f’k”; gksrs- R;kauh #fDe.kh ozrdFkk % vksoh la[;k 152 fyfgyh-
#fDe.khus ekxhy tUeh fnxacj equhaph fuank dsyh- R;keqGs fryk [kwi nq%[k Hkksxkos ykxys- R;k ozrkpk fo/kh ;k
ozrdFksr lkafxrysyk vkgs-
9- xaxknkl & ;kapk dkG lk/kkj.kr% b-l- 1696 gk vkgs- fookgkl r;kj ulysY;k ik’oZukFkauh lkalkfjd
lq[k gs dls u’oj vkgs gs vkiY;k ekR;kfiR;kyk iVowu ns.kkjs ^ik’oZukFk Hkokarj* gs dhrZu R;kauh jpys-
MQxk.;kP;k pkyhoj gs dhrZu EgVys tkrs- R;kpizek.ks 21 dMoh vlysys ^pdzorhZ ikG.kk* vkfnukFk rhFkZadjkph
egkjk.kh lquank gh vkiY;k ifgY;k eqykpk pdzorhZ Hkjrkpk ikG.kk ;kr vkgs-
10- eghpanz & b-l- 1696 gk R;kapk dkG lkafxrysyk vkgs- R;kaP;k jpuk Eg.kts 15 v/;k;kaps
^vkfnukFk iqjk.k* ;kph vksoh la[;k 3253 vkgs- ;kr _”kHknso Eg.kts vkfnukFk ;kaps pfj= o.kZu vkgs- R;kpizek.ks
/keZJ)sps iks”k.k dj.;kl midkjd Bjrhy v’kk dFkk lkax.kkjs ^lE;DRodkSeqnh* gs 1681 vksohla[;k vl.kkjk
laLd`r xzaFk vkgs- rlsp ^uafn’oj dFkk*] ^x#M iapeh*] ^usfeukFkHkokarj*] ^’kkafrukFkLrks=*] ^useh’oj xhr*] ^egkohj
ikG.kk*] ^pwMfparke.kh vkjrh*] ^vfjgar vkjrh*] ^dkyhxksMhlaokn* gh fganh jpuk v’kk vusd jpuk R;kauh dsysY;k
vkgsr-
11- egkdhrhZ & ;kaps 552 vksohla[;k vlysys ^’khyirkdk* gh jpuk vkgs- czEgp;kZps ozr lkax.kkjh
lkekftd dFkk ;kr o.kZu dsyh vkgs-
12- nsosanzdhrhZ & vBjkO;k ‘krdkP;k izkjaHk dkGkr nsosanzdhrhZpk dk;ZdkG lkafxryk tkrks- R;kapk 48
v/;k;kapk toGtoG lkr gtkjkaP;k oj vksO;k vlysyk ^dkfydkiqjk.k* gk xzaFk vfr’k; egRRokpk vkgs- nf{k.ksdMs
;oukaP;k vkØe.kkiklwu tSu o fganw ;k nksUgh lektkauk dlk =kl lgu djkok ykxyk ;kps o.kZu ;kr vkys vkgs-
rRdkyhu /kkfeZd] lkekftd] o jktdh; thou letwu ?ks.;kP;k n`”Vhus gk dkO;xzaFk fuf’prp mi;qDr vkgs-
vls vusd lardoh tSu laiznk;kr gksÅu xsys- R;kaph fufeZrh deh izek.kkr vlyh rjh /keZizlkjkP;k n`”Vhus
R;kapsgh egRRo vkgs- ;kr in~edhrhZ] xaxknkl] czEgfparke.kh] jkedhrhZ] iq.;lkxj] N=lsu] lVok] ;knolqr]
ekf.kduanh] ftulkxj] y{ehpanz] vtqZulqrlks;jk ;kapk lekos’k gksrks- ^tSu dohaph cgqrka’k dkO;fufeZrh /keZizlkjkP;k
ifo= dk;kZyk okfgysyh vkgs- vkjR;k] ea=fooj.k] ozrdFkk] Lrks=s] HkwikGîkk] ins] /keZiq#”kkaph pfj=s] rRRoKkukRed
xzaFk vls fofo/k izdkj ;k dkO;fufeZrhr lkiMrkr- tsFks jpuk mRdV HkkokoLFksrwu mn; ikoysyh vlrs rsFks
dkO;xq.kkaP;k vkfoHkkZokl lgtp oko vlrks-*1 ;keqGsp ;k tSu dohaP;k oj mYys[kysY;k jpukaiSdh cgqrka’k jpukarwu
dkO;xq.k izdV >kys vkgs-

f[zkLr/kehZ;kaps dkO; &

ejkBh lkfgR;kr eksykph Hkj ?kky.;kps dke f[kzLr/kehZ; dohaauhgh dsys vkgs- ;kr vxzØekus uko ?;kos
ykxsy rs Qknj fLVQUl ;kaps- Qknj LVhQUl gk f[zkzLrh fe’kujh 24 vkWDVkscj 1579 yk xksO;kr vkyk- fganLq Fkkukr
vkysyk gk ifgyk baxzt x`gLFk gks;- /keZizlkjkps lk/ku Eg.kwu R;kus ejkBhoj pkaxysp izHkqRo feGfoys- dksd a .kh &
ejkBhps ,d O;kdj.kgh R;kus iksrqZxht Hkk”ksr fyfgys] T;kps uko ^Arte Da Lingoa Canarim’ vls gksrs- ijdh;
fe’kuÚ;kalkBh ejkBhP;k xkseardh; cksyhfo”k;h fyfgysys gs ifgysp O;kdj.k Eg.kkos ykxsy- Kkunsoknh larkaP;k
lkfgR;kps Qknj LVhQUlus pkaxys okpu dsys vlys ikfgts- b-l- 1614 e/;s R;kus iqjk.kxzaFkkP;k /kkV.khoj
^f[zkLriqjk.k* gk ngk gtkjkgwu vf/kd vksO;kapk xzaFk fyfgyk- xzaFkkps ,dw.k 25 lxZ fdaok voLoj vkgsr- xzaFkkP;k x|
izLrkousr lokZauk mnaM vk;q”; o ijes’ojkph Ñik Hkkdwu gh rkjdkph dFkk vki.k ^ejkBh;s Hkk”ksr* fyghr vkgksr]
vls doh lkaxrks- ^gh Hkkl ijes’ojkpsvk oLrq fujksiqfl ;ksX; ,slh fnlyh-* Eg.kwu vki.k gs iqjk.k ejkBhr
fyfgY;kps rks lkaxrks- ^f[zkLriqjk.kph gh izLrkouk Eg.kts ukFkdkyhu ejkBh x|kpk izkfrfuf/kd vorkj Eg.kko;kl
gjdr ukgh- ;k izLrkousr ^tsrqds varj mtokMk ok va/kkjkfl] lR; ok yfVdkfl] oSdqaBk ok ;seyksdkfl] ijes’ojk o
nsopkjkfl* vkgs frrds varj vkiyk f[kzLrh /keZ o brj /keZ ;kr vkgs] vls vfHkekuiwoZd rks lkaxrks- ;ko:u
R;kP;k /keZilz kjkP;k dk;kZps Lo:i dk; gksrs] rs dGrs-*2 f[kzLrkph dFkk gk ;k iqjk.kkpk fo”k; vlwu ^vkrhy ewrhZ
rso<h ;s’kw f[zkLrkph o ckdh eafnjkpk lkjk FkkV fganw i)rhpk* vls xzaFkkps Lo:i vkgs- xzaFkkr vkiyk ejkBh
Hkk”ksfo”k;hpk vknj ek= R;kus eksBîkk dkO;iw.kZ jhrhus O;Dr dsyk vkgs- rks Eg.krks]
tSlk gjGkekth jRudhGk A dh jRukaekth fgjk fuGk A
rSlh Hkklkaekth pks[kGk A Hkklk ejkBh AA
tSlh iqLikekth iqLi eksxjh A dh ifjeGkekth dLrqjh A
rSlk Hkklkaekth lkftjh A ejkBh;k AA
if[k;kae/;s e;ks# A dh #f[k;kae/;s dYir: A
rSlk Hkklkaekth ekuq Fkks# A ejkBh;slh AA
iqjk.kkph Hkk”kk ejkBh vlyh rjh izkjaHkh R;kus rs jkseu fyihr fyfgys vkf.k uarj R;kps nsoukxjhdj.k >kys- loZ
xzaFkkoj ejkBhph nkV Nk;k vkgs- ewG iksrqZxht iqjk.kkyk ejkBh os”k p<fo.;kph Qknj fLVQUlph dkefxjh ek=
 dkSrqdkLin Eg.kk;yk goh- ^rqEgh fnusfnuq vf/kd f[zkLrko HkDrh d:u pkykos-* v’kh bPNk R;kus izLrkousr izdV
dsyh vkgs- f[kzLriqjk.kkfo”k;h l-xa- eky’ks Eg.krkr] ‘The neo-converts had no substitute books. They
became nostalgic about the old Marathi Puranas. To make them forget these earlier devotional works
written in Marathi like Jnyaneshvari, Bhagwat by Eknath and Maharashtra by Vishnudasnama and
others, neo-converts requested the priest to prepare substitute books.’3
Hkk”ksyk Lor%ph laLÑrh vlrs] vls EgVys tkrs- ;k ik’oZHkwehoj ,[kknk ik’pkRR; O;Drh R;kph Hkk”kk
lksMwu ejkBh Hkk”ksr brdh izHkkoh jpuk djrks] rsOgk vkiY;kyk ejkBh Hkk”ksph egrh iqUgk uO;kus iVrs- Eg.kwup
f[zkLrkfo”k;h fyfgysys vlys rjh gk xzaFk ejkBh tursyk vkiyklk okVrks- R;krhy rRRoKku vuqdj.kh; okVrs-
/keZizlkjkps lk/ku Eg.kwu R;kauh gk xzaFk fyfgysyk vlyk rjh R;krwu dkO;xq.kkaps n’kZu ?kMrs- ejkBsrjkaP;k ejkBh
lkfgR;kr Eg.kwup f[zkLriqjk.kkps egRRo vuU;lk/kkj.k vkgs-

fu”d”kZ %
1- lar gs vkReKkuklkBh iz;Ru’khy vlys rjh R;kaP;k KkukP;k izdk’kkus vKkuh yksdkauk ekxZn’kZu feGrs-
2- tSu/kehZ;] f[zkLr/kehZ;] ohj’kSo] nRrlaiznk;h] eqfLye/kehZ; v’kk vusd /kekZP;k larkapk okoj egkjk”VªkP;k
larekafn;kGhr vk<Grks-
3- tSu/kehZ;kaP;k jpukarwu vfgalk vkf.k czEgp;Z ;k ozrkaps egRRo lkafxrysys vkgs-
4- tSu dohaph cgqrka’k dkO;fufeZrh /keZizlkjkP;k ifo= dk;kZyk okfgysyh vkgs-
5- tSu dohaP;k cgqrka’k jpukarwu mPp ntkZps dkO;xq.k izdV >kys vkgs-
6- ejkBh lkfgR;kr eksykph Hkj ?kky.;kps dke f[zkLr/kehZ; dohaauhgh dsys vkgs-
7- /keZizlkjkps lk/ku Eg.kwu Qknj LVhQUl ;kauh ejkBhoj pkaxysp izHkqRo feGfoys-
8- Qknj LVhQUl ;kauh vkiY;k xzaFkkr ejkBh Hkk”ksfo”k;hpk vknj R;kus eksBîkk dkO;iw.kZ jhrhus O;Dr dsyk vkgs-

lanHkZ %
1- ns’kikaMs v-uk- ^izkphu ejkBh okM~e;kpk bfrgkl% Hkkx lgkok* ikolkP;k ygku ljh] Oghul izdk’ku] iq.ks]
1987] i`- 294
2- ufljkckndj y-jk-] ^izkphu okM~e;kpk bfrgkl*] leUo;dkj ,dukFk] QMds izdk’ku] dksYgkiwj] lgkoh vko`Rrh]
1997 i`- 114
3- Malshe S.G., Research Journal of S.N.D.T. University, Vol. III, March 1971.

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