MENSTRUAL CYCLE

ELPIDIO JR P. CADALZO, M.Sc.

Faculty
Department of Biological Sciences
College of Arts and Sciences
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
Endometrium
– implantation of young embryo

IMPLANTATION OF EGG IN
ENDOMETRIUM
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
Endometrium
– implantation of young embryo
– shedding off periodically
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
Endometrium
– implantation of young embryo
– shedding off periodically

MENSTRUATION
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
Endometrium
– implantation of young embryo
– shedding off periodically

CHANGES IN LEVELS OF
OVARIAN HORMONES

MENSTRUATION
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE

CHANGES IN LEVELS OF
OVARIAN HORMONES

ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
CHANGES IN LEVELS OF
OVARIAN HORMONES

ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE

GONADOTROPHIC
HORMINES
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
CHANGES IN LEVELS OF
OVARIAN HORMONES

ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE

LSH
(Luteinizing hormone)

FSH
(Follicle-stimulating hormone)
UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE

HOW LONG IS THE

MENSTRUAL CYCLE?
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
Length of Menstrual Cycle
– averages the length of a lunar month (29.5 days)
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
Length of Menstrual Cycle
– vary among women
– Most cycles are 25-30 days long

Age in relation to length of menstruation

– 15-19 yrs old (35 days)
– 30 yrs old (30 days)
– 35 yrs old (28 days)
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
Length of Menstrual Cycle
– vary among women With a cycle length of 28
– Most cycles are 25-30 days long days, a woman would ovulate

Age in relation to length of menstruation Ø about 13 ova per year

– 15-19 yrs old (35 days) Ø 481 ova in the 37 years
– 30 yrs old (30 days) from puberty to the end of
– 35 yrs old (28 days) her reproductive life.
UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE PHASES
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE PHASES
MENSTRUAL PHASE

– Decrease levels of estrogen and

progesterone
• endometrial lining of uterus
DETACHES for 3-5 days

– Growing ovarian follicles

produce MORE ESTROGENS
(Day 4)
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE PHASES
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE

– Rise in estrogen levels

• regeneration of functional layer
• blood supply increases
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE PHASES
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE

– Rise in estrogen levels

• regeneration of functional layer
• blood supply increases

– ovulation occurs in the ovary by

the end of the phase
 UTERINE (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE PHASES
SECRETORY PHASE

– rise in progesterone levels by

Corpus luteum
• increase in blood supply (endometrium)
• growth of endometrial glands (nutrients)