LESSON 1

Big Bang Theory

IS IT JUST THE BEGINNING OR AN END?
 explain the origin of the
1 universe according to
the big bang theory;
Objectives
LEARNING
TARGETS identify different
At the end proponents and evidences
of the
2 that support the big bang
lesson, I can: theory; and

enumerate the negative

3 implications of the big
bang theory.
 1. Do you support the idea that everything in
Objectives
THINK PAIR the universe is originated from a single
SHARE - 5 minutes speck of matter?

1. Do you agree that the universe is infinite

and still expanding?

1. What would be the possible limitations of

the Bigbang Theory?
 Objectives
KNOWING WHO THE 4 PROPONENTS OF
BIGBANG THEORY
 Learn about It!

Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

• Georges Henri Joseph
Edouard Lemaître was the first
proponent of the theory. He
suggested the idea of the
expanding universe

Georges H.J. Lemaitre

(1894–1966)
 Learn about It!

Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

• Edwin Powell Hubble who
established the Hubble’s
law which provided an evidence
that the universe was not static
but expanding.

Edwin Powell Hubble

(1889 – 1953)
 THE
Learn about It!
SPECTROGRAPH
 HUBBLE’S
Learn about It!
LAW EXPLAINS THAT...
 Learn about It!

Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

• Arno Penzias and Robert

Wilson discovered that
microwaves with wavelengths
of about 7 centimeters were
present in space.

Arno Penzias • These waves were referred to Robert Wilson

(born 1933) as the cosmic microwave (born 1941)
background (CMB) radiation.
Objectives
KNOWING
WHAT
ALL ABOUT THIS
THEORY
 Learn about It!

Big Bang Theory

• The big bang theory is cosmological model that explains
how the universe began.

• The concept of big bang is not a literal explosion of

something leading to the creation of the universe.

• It suggests that the universe started its expansion about

13.8 billion years ago.
 THE
Learn about It! AGE OF THE UNIVERSE
 Learn about It!

Big Bang Theory and the Bread-Raisin Model

• The bread represents

the universe; while
raisins are galaxies.

• The galaxies,
represented by dots,
are not expanding.
The raisin-bread model of expanding universe
 Learn about It!

• Distances in relation to other galaxies just increases

because of the expanding universe.

In the big bang theory, matter dilutes as the universe expands.

Objectives
KNOWING WHY BECAUSE….
 Learn about It!

Evidences that Support the Big Bang Theory

• The expansion of the universe is supported by the
observation that galaxies are receding from us.
• The detection of the cosmic microwave background
(CMB) radiation which is the residue or heat leftover from
the Big Bang.
• The high amount of light elements like H, He and Li. These
elements were formed through the fusion of protons and
neutrons immediately after the Big Bang.
 Learn about It!

Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

• CMB- relic radiation from

the Bigbang
• Without this radiation the
temperature of the space
will drop to 0 degree K

Arno Penzias
• 2.7 to 3 degrees K
Robert Wilson
(born 1933) (born 1941)
 Learn about It!

“Nucleosynthesis”
• Nucleosynthesis is the
formation of elements,
such as H and He.

• Presence of these elements

led to the formation of
stars and galaxies.
Nucleosynthesis of Helium (He)
 Learn about It!

“Nucleosynthesis”
PROTIUM (Hydrogen 1) (Helium 4) Alpha Particle

• The presence of stars led

to the formation of other (Hydrogen 2)

cosmic bodies such as

planets, comets, and
asteroids.
(Hydrogen 3)

Nucleosynthesis of Helium (He)

BIRTH OF THE NEW STAR
 Learn about It!

“Singularity”
• The universe started as a
“singularity” - an area
predicted to be in the core of
a black hole with very high
temperature and density.

BIGBANG
An expanding universe and the
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS concept of singularity.
 Learn about It!

“Singularity”
• The intense heat resulted to
formation of matter and
antimatter particles that were
destroyed every time they
collided with each other.

An expanding universe and the

concept of singularity.
 Learn about It!

Drawbacks of the Big Bang Theory

• It failed to explain how the universe was created.

• It just explains how it evolved and not where it
originated.
• It also failed to explain how the galaxies formed.
 “We are just an advanced breed of monkeys on a
minor planet of a very average star. But we can
Objectives
LIFE
APPLICATION understand the Universe. That makes us something
very special.”
Stephen Hawking
 LIST DOWN -E-notebook

3 THINGS/IDEAS THAT MAKE YOU

Objectives
3-2-1 TAKE INTERESTED IN THE LESSON
AWAY 2 THINGS IN THE LESSON THAT YOU
NEED TO FOCUS ON

1 CORE VALUE THAT YOU FEEL IN THE

LESSON
END OF LESSON 1
 “ In the beginning, God created the heavens and
Objectives
Think of this... the earth”
Genesis 1:1 (Constitution of the Universe)
Time
Energy
Space
Matter
 Bibliography
Rodney Holder and Simon Mitton. 2013. Georges Lemaître: Life, Science and Legacy, Germany: Springer
Science & Business Media.

John Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton. 2013. From Dust to Life: The Origin and Evolution of Our Solar
System, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Michael Mark Woolfson. 2012. Time, Space, Stars and Man: The Story of the Big Bang, Singapore: World
Scientific.

J. Schombert. 2012. Origin of the Solar System. Accessed March 16, 2017
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec24.html

D. Darling. 2016. Chamberlin-Moulton planetesimal hypothesis. Accessed March 16,

2017http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/CMplanhypoth.html
 Photo Credits

● Slide 6: This file, Universe expansion.png by Fredrik, is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0 via Wikimedia
Commons.

● Slide 9: This file, Georges Lemaître by Tonynetone, is licensed under CC-BY-SA-2.0 via Flickr

● Slide 9: This file, Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_(cropped).JPG by Johan

Hagemeyer, is in the public domain via Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 10: This file, Arno Penzias by Kartik J, is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share
Alike 2.5 Generic via Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 10: This file, Robert Wilson (28215880301) (cropped).jpgby Victor R. Ruiz, is licensed under
CC-SA 2.0 via Flickr2Commons
Key Points

Big bang theory suggests that the universe started as

1 a “singularity” - an area predicted to be in the core
of a black hole with very high temperature and
density.

Proponents of the idea of an expanding universe

2 are Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaître,
2
Edwin Powell Hubble, Arno Penzias and
Robert Wilson.
Key Points

13 Hubble’s law states that the relationship of the

velocities of distant objects in the universe is
directly proportional to their distance from Earth.
2
The big bang theory failed to explain how the
4
universe was created.
2