Art. 466.

Whenever _____________ movable things _____________ to _____________ owners are, without bad faith,
_____________ in such a way that they form a _____________ object, the owner of the principal thing _____________
the accessory, _____________ the former owner thereof for its _____________. (375)

Art. 467. The _____________ thing, as between _____________ things _____________, is deemed to be that to which
the other has been _____________ as an _____________, or for its use or _____________. (376)

Art. 468. If it cannot be _____________ by the _____________ given in the preceding article which of the two things
_____________ is the _____________ one, the thing of the _____________ value shall be so considered, and as between
two things of _____________ value, that of the greater _____________.

In _____________ and _____________, writings, printed _____________, engraving and _____________, the board,
metal, _____________, canvas, paper or _____________ shall be deemed the _____________ thing. (377)

Art. 469. Whenever the things _____________ can be separated without _____________, their _____________ owners
may demand their _____________.

Nevertheless, in case the thing _____________ for the use, _____________ or perfection of the other, is much more
_____________ than the principal thing, the owner of the _____________ may demand its separation, even though the
thing to which it has been _____________ may _____________ some injury. (378)

Art. 470. Whenever the owner of the _____________ thing has made the _____________ in _____________ faith, he
shall _____________ the thing incorporated and shall have the _____________ to _____________ the owner of the
principal thing for the _____________ he may have _____________.

If the one who has acted in _____________ faith is the owner of the _____________ thing, the owner of the accessory
thing shall have a _____________ to _____________ between the former _____________ him its _____________ or
that the thing belonging to him be _____________, even though for this purpose it be necessary to _____________ the
principal thing; and in both cases, furthermore, there shall be indemnity for damages.

If _____________ one of the owners has made the incorporation with the _____________ and without the
_____________ of the other, their respective _____________ shall be determined as though both acted in
_____________ faith. (379a)

Art. 471. Whenever the owner of the material _____________ without his _____________ has a right to an
_____________, he may demand that this _____________ in the _____________ of a thing _____________ in kind and
value, and in all other _____________, to that _____________, or else in the price thereof, according to _____________
appraisal. (380)

Art. 472. If by the _____________ of their owners _____________ things of the same or different kinds are
_____________, or if the mixture occurs by _____________, and in the latter case the things are not _____________
without _____________, each owner shall _____________ a right _____________ to the part belonging to him,
_____________ in mind the value of the things _____________ or _____________. (381)

Art. 473. If by the _____________ of only _____________ owner, but in _____________ faith, two things of the same
or different kinds are mixed or confused, the _____________ of the owners shall be _____________ by the provisions
of the preceding article.

If the one who _____________ the _____________ or confusion acted in _____________ faith, he shall _____________
the thing belonging to him thus mixed or confused, besides being _____________ to pay indemnity for the damages
caused to the owner of the _____________ thing with which his _____________ was mixed. (382)

Art. 474. One who in good faith _____________ the material of another in _____________ or in _____________ in order
to make a thing of a _____________ kind, shall _____________ the thing thus _____________ as his own, indemnifying
the owner of the material for its _____________.

If the material is more _____________ than the _____________ thing or is of more value, its owner may, at his
_____________, appropriate the new thing to himself, after first _____________ indemnity for the _____________ of
the work, or _____________ indemnity for the _____________.

If in the making of the thing _____________ faith _____________, the owner of the material shall have the
_____________ to appropriate the work to himself without _____________ anything to the maker, or to _____________
of the latter that he _____________ him for the value of the material and the damages he may have _____________.
However, the owner of the material cannot _____________ the work in case the value of the latter, for artistic or
scientific reasons, is _____________ more than that of the material. (383a)

Art. 475. In the preceding articles, _____________ value shall be duly _____________. (n)

CHAPTER 3

QUIETING OF TITLE (n)

Art. 476. Whenever there is a _____________ on title to real property or any interest therein, by reason of any
_____________, record, claim, _____________ or proceeding which is apparently _____________ or effective but is in
truth and in fact invalid, _____________, voidable, or _____________, and may be prejudicial to said title, an action
may be brought to remove such cloud or to _____________ the title.
An _____________ may also be brought to _____________ a cloud from being _____________ upon title to real property
or any _____________ therein.

Art. 477. The _____________ must have legal or _____________ title to, or interest in the real property which is the
subject matter of the action. He _____________ not be in _____________ of said property.

Art. 478. There may also be an action to quiet title or _____________ a cloud therefrom when the _____________,
instrument or other _____________ has been _____________ or has _____________, or has been _____________ by
_____________ prescription.

Art. 479. The plaintiff must _____________ to the defendant all _____________ he may have _____________ from the
latter, or _____________ him for _____________ that may have _____________ to the plaintiff's _____________.

Art. 480. The principles of the _____________ law on the quieting of title are hereby _____________ insofar as they are
not in _____________ with this Code.

Art. 481. The _____________ for the quieting of title or the removal of a cloud therefrom shall be _____________ by
such rules of court as the Supreme Court shall _____________.

CHAPTER 4

RUINOUS BUILDINGS AND TREES IN DANGER OF FALLING

Art. 482. If a building, wall, _____________, or any other construction is in danger of _____________, the owner shall
be _____________ to _____________ it or to _____________ the necessary work in order to _____________ it from
falling.

If the _____________ does not comply with this obligation, the _____________ authorities may _____________ the
demolition of the structure at the _____________ of the owner, or take _____________ to _____________ public safety.
(389a)

Art. 483. Whenever a _____________ tree _____________ to fall in such a way as to cause _____________ to the land
or _____________ of another or to _____________ over a public or private _____________, the owner of the tree shall
be _____________ to fell and remove it; and should he not do so, it shall be done at his expense by _____________ of
the administrative authorities. (390a)

Title III. - CO-OWNERSHIP

Art. 484. There is _____________ whenever the ownership of an _____________ thing or _____________ belongs to
_____________ persons.

In _____________ of contracts, or of _____________ provisions, co-ownership shall be _____________ by the provisions

of this Title. (392)

Art. 485. The _____________ of the co-owners, in the benefits as well as in the _____________, shall be _____________
to their respective _____________. Any stipulation in a contract to the contrary shall be _____________.

The _____________ belonging to the co-owners in the co-ownership shall be presumed _____________, unless the
_____________ is proved. (393a)

Art. 486. Each co-owner may _____________ the thing owned in _____________, provided he does so in _____________
with the purpose for which it is _____________ and in such a way as not to _____________ the interest of the co-
ownership or _____________ the other co-owners from using it according to their _____________. The purpose of the
co-ownership may be _____________ by agreement, _____________ or _____________. (394a)

Art. 487. Any _____________ of the co-owners may bring an action in _____________. (n)

Art. 488. Each co-owner shall have a right to _____________ the other co-owners to _____________ to the expenses of
_____________ of the thing or right owned in common and to the _____________. Any one of the latter may
_____________ himself from this obligation by _____________ so much of his _____________ interest as may be
equivalent to his share of the expenses and taxes. No such _____________ shall be made if it is _____________ to the
co-ownership. (395a)

Art. 489. _____________ for preservation may be made at the _____________ of one of the co-owners, but he must, if
_____________, first _____________ his co-owners of the _____________ for such repairs. Expenses to improve or
_____________ the thing shall be decided upon by a _____________ as determined in Article 492. (n)

Art. 490. Whenever the _____________ stories of a _____________ belong to different owners, if the _____________
of ownership do not _____________ the terms under which they should _____________ to the _____________ expenses
and there exists _____________ agreement on the _____________, the following rules shall be observed:

(1) The _____________ and _____________ walls, the _____________ and the other things used in _____________,
shall be _____________ at the expense of _____________ the owners in _____________ to the _____________ of the
story belonging to _____________;
(2) Each owner shall _____________ the cost of _____________ the _____________ of his story; the floor of the
entrance, front door, _____________ yard and _____________ works common to all, shall be _____________ at the
expense of all the owners pro rata;

(3) The _____________ from the _____________ to the _____________ story shall be maintained at the expense of all
the owners pro rata, with the _____________ of the owner of the _____________ floor; the stairs from the first to the
_____________ story shall be _____________ at the expense of all, _____________ the owner of the ground floor and
the owner of the first story; and so on _____________. (396)

Art. 491. _____________ of the co-owners shall, without the _____________ of the others, make _____________ in the
thing owned in common, even though _____________ for all would _____________ therefrom. However, if the
_____________ of the consent by one or more of the co-owners is clearly _____________ to the common interest, the
courts may afford _____________ relief. (397a)

Art. 492. For the _____________ and better _____________ of the thing owned in common, the _____________ of the
_____________ of the co-owners shall be _____________.

There shall be no _____________ unless the resolution is _____________ by the co-owners who _____________ the
controlling interest in the _____________ of the co-ownership.

Should there be no majority, or should the _____________ of the majority be _____________ prejudicial to those
_____________ in the property owned in common, the court, at the _____________ of an interested party, shall order
such _____________ as it may deem _____________, including the _____________ of an _____________.

Whenever a _____________ of the thing belongs _____________ to one of the co-owners, and the _____________ is
owned in common, the preceding provision shall apply _____________ to the part owned in common. (398)

Art. 493. _____________ co-owner shall have the _____________ ownership of his part and of the _____________ and
_____________ pertaining thereto, and he may therefore _____________, assign or mortgage it, and even
_____________ another person in its enjoyment, except when _____________ rights are involved. But the
_____________ of the alienation or the mortgage, with respect to the co-owners, shall be _____________ to the portion
which may be _____________ to him in the division upon the _____________ of the co-ownership. (399)

Art. 494. No co-owner shall be _____________ to remain in the co-ownership. Each co-owner may _____________ at
any time the _____________ of the thing owned in common, insofar as his _____________ is concerned.

Nevertheless, an _____________ to keep the thing _____________ for a certain period of time, not _____________ ten
years, shall be _____________. This term may be _____________ by a new agreement.

A donor or _____________ may _____________ partition for a period which shall not exceed _____________ years.

Neither shall there be any partition when it is _____________ by law.

No _____________ shall run in _____________ of a co-owner or _____________ against his co-owners or co-heirs so
long as he expressly or impliedly _____________ the co-ownership. (400a)

Art. 495. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding article, the co-owners _____________ demand a
_____________ division of the thing owned in common, when to do so would render it _____________ for the use for
which it is _____________. But the co-ownership may be _____________ in accordance with Article 498. (401a)

Art. 496. _____________ may be made by agreement between the parties or by _____________ proceedings. Partition
shall be governed by the Rules of Court insofar as they are _____________ with this Code. (402)

Art. 497. The _____________ or assignees of the co-owners may take part in the division of the thing owned in common
and _____________ to its being _____________ without their _____________. But they cannot _____________ any
partition already executed, unless there has been _____________, or in case it was _____________ notwithstanding a
_____________ opposition presented to prevent it, without prejudice to the _____________ of the debtor or assignor
to maintain its _____________. (403)

Art. 498. Whenever the thing is _____________ indivisible and the co-owners cannot _____________ that it be allotted
to one of them who shall _____________ the others, it shall be _____________ and its _____________ distributed.
(404)

Art. 499. The partition of a thing owned in common shall not prejudice _____________ persons, who shall
_____________ the rights of mortgage, _____________ or any other _____________ rights belonging to them before
the division was made. _____________ rights pertaining to third persons against the co-ownership shall also remain in
_____________, notwithstanding the _____________. (405)

Art. 500. Upon partition, there shall be a mutual _____________ for benefits received and _____________ for expenses
made. Likewise, each co-owner shall pay for _____________ caused by reason of his _____________ or _____________.
(n)

Art. 501. Every co-owner shall, _____________ partition, be _____________ for _____________ of title and
_____________ of the _____________ assigned to each of the other co-owners. (n)

Title IV. - SOME SPECIAL PROPERTIES

CHAPTER I
 WATERS

SECTION 1. - Ownership of Waters

Art. 502. The following are of public dominion:

(1) Rivers and their _____________ beds;

(2) _____________ or _____________ waters of springs and _____________ running in their _____________ beds and
the beds themselves;

(3) Waters _____________ continuously or intermittently on _____________ of _____________ dominion;

(4) Lakes and lagoons formed by _____________ on public _____________, and their beds;

(5) _____________ waters running through _____________ or _____________ beds, which are also of public dominion;

(6) _____________ waters on public lands;

(7) Waters found within the _____________ of operation of public works, even if _____________ by a contractor;

(8) Waters _____________ continuously or intermittently on lands belonging to _____________ persons, to the State, to
a province, or to a city or a municipality from the moment they _____________ such lands;

(9) The _____________ waters of fountains, _____________ and public _____________. (407)

Art. 503. The following are of private ownership:

(1) _____________ or intermittent waters rising on lands of private ownership, while running through the same;

(2) Lakes and _____________, and their beds, formed by Nature on such lands;

(3) Subterranean waters _____________ on the same;

(4) Rain waters _____________ on said lands, as long as they _____________ within the _____________;

(5) The beds of _____________ waters, continuous or intermittent, _____________ by rain water, and those of brooks,
_____________ lands which are not of public dominion.

In every drain or _____________, the water, bed, banks and _____________ shall be considered as an _____________
part of the land of _____________ for which the waters are intended. The owners of lands, through which or along the
_____________ of which the aqueduct passes, cannot _____________ ownership over it, or any _____________ to the
use of its bed or banks, unless the claim is based on _____________ of ownership _____________ the right or ownership
claimed. (408)

SECTION 2. - The Use of Public Waters

Art. 504. The use of public waters is acquired:

(1) By administrative _____________;

(2) By _____________ for ten years.

The extent of the rights and _____________ of the use shall be that established, in the first case, by the _____________
of the concession, and, in the second case, by the _____________ and form in which the waters have been
_____________. (409a)

Art. 505. Every concession for the use of waters is _____________ to be _____________ prejudice to _____________
persons. (410)

Art. 506. The _____________ to make use of public waters is _____________ by the _____________ of the concession
and by _____________ for five years. (411a)

SECTION 3. - The Use of Waters of Private Ownership

Art. 507. The owner of a _____________ of land on which a spring or brook rises, be it continuous or intermittent, may
use its _____________ while they run through the same, but after the waters _____________ the land they shall become
_____________, and their use shall be governed by the Special Law of Waters of August 3, 1866, and by the
_____________ Law. (412a)

Art. 508. The _____________ ownership of the _____________ of rain waters does not give a _____________ to make
works or constructions which may _____________ their course to the _____________ of third persons, or whose
_____________, by the _____________ of floods, may cause such damage. (413)

Art. 509. No one may _____________ private property to _____________ waters or make use of them without
_____________ from the owners, except as provided by the _____________ Law. (414a)
Art. 510. The ownership which the _____________ of a piece of land has over the waters rising thereon does not
_____________ the rights which the owners of _____________ estates may have _____________ acquired to the use
thereof. (415)

Art. 511. _____________ owner of a piece of land has the right to _____________ within his property, _____________
for rain waters, provided he causes no _____________ to the _____________ or to third persons. (416)

SECTION 4. - Subterranean Waters

Art. 512. Only the owner of a piece of land, or another person with his _____________, may make _____________
thereon for _____________ waters, except as provided by the Mining Law.

Explorations for subterranean waters on _____________ of public dominion may be made only with the permission of the
_____________ authorities. (417a)

Art. 513. Waters artificially brought forth in _____________ with the Special Law of Waters of August 3, 1866, belong to
the person who brought them up. (418)

Art. 514. When the owner of waters _____________ brought to the surface _____________ them to their natural course,
they shall become of public dominion. (419)

SECTION 5. - General Provisions

Art. 515. The owner of a piece of land on which there are _____________ works to _____________ waters, or on which,
due to a change of their course, it may be necessary to _____________ such works, shall be _____________, at his
_____________, either to make the necessary repairs or construction himself, or to _____________ them to be done,
without damage to him, by the owners of the lands which suffer or are clearly exposed to suffer injury. (420)

Art. 516. The provisions of the preceding article are _____________ to the case in which it may be _____________ to
clear a piece of land of _____________, whose _____________ or fall may _____________ the course of the waters, to
the damage or _____________ of third persons. (421)

Art. 517. All the owners who _____________ in the benefits arising from the _____________ referred to in the two
preceding articles, shall be _____________ to _____________ to the expenses of construction in proportion to their
respective _____________. Those who by their _____________ may have caused the damage shall be _____________
for the expenses. (422)

Art. 518. All matters not _____________ determined by the provisions of this Chapter shall be governed by the special
Law of Waters of August 3, 1866, and by the Irrigation Law. (425a)

CHAPTER 2

MINERALS

Art. 519. Mining _____________ and rights and other matters concerning minerals and mineral lands are governed by
_____________ laws. (427a)