Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

GRAM STAINING TECHNIQUE AND SPECIMEN VIEWING

EDSCI 109 – MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

1ST SEMESTER - SY: 2022-2023

BALANE, ANDRIE RAFAEL S.

CARVAJAL, TRIXIE J.

CHAVEZ, PRINCESS ANNE B.

JOPONGCO, JEAN DAISY V.

LIBANAN, JENA VIANCA A.

MACALDE, MARIA KAREN V.

RYZA ANNE GUEVARRA, LPT

INSTRUCTOR I

November 10, 2022

 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Figure 1. Specimen’s Image using Scanning Objective Lens

SCANNING OBJECTIVE LENS

Description:

The image shown under the scanning objective lens is a large section of the specimen. It
covers a wide view of tiny red and purple dots spread randomly throughout the side of the black
pen mark. These tiny red and purple dots occur individually and the spaces between the dots is
visibly seen.

Differentiating the bacterial species, the red dots seen under the scanning objective lens
can be classified as the gram-negative bacteria, while the purple dots can be classified as the
gram-positive bacteria. In terms of the size, the gram-positive bacteria appear to be doubled in
size than the gram-negative bacteria. This is due to the thicker and positively-charged membranes
of the gram-positive bacteria which attract more of the stain.

Calculation:

Magnification power = 4x
Eyepiece lens = 10x
Magnification power  Eyepiece lens = Total magnification
4x  10x = 40x

Identification in terms of size, shape, structure:

Size: All appear to be tiny dots. However, some bacteria appear to be doubled in size than
the other.
Shape: All are spherical / ovoid in shape.
Structure/Arrangement: All appear to be single-celled.
Type of Bacteria: Cocci
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Figure 2. Specimen’s Image using Low Power Objective Lens

LOW POWER OBJECTIVES

DESCRIPTION

The image under LPO or Low Power Objectives lens have a purplish small dotted surface.
Compare to scanning it has more distinguish features and clearer but more blurred than HPO. It
is also clear that the color of the bacteria is undefined.

Calculation

Magnification power = 10x

Eyepiece lens = 10x
Magnification power  Eyepiece lens = Total magnification
10x  10x = 100x total magnification

Identification of bacteria in terms of:

Size: Dots are small in even in sizes

Shape: Round or ovoid in shape
Structure: appear to be single-celled
Type of Bacteria: Cocci, because of its shape
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Figure 3. Specimen’s Image using High Power Objective Lens

HIGH POWER OBJECTIVES

Description:

The image under 40x objective lens have a purplish and dotted appearance. These dots are
randomly spread throughout the viewed part of the slide. Compared to the image under scanning
and low power objectives, the dots in HPO appear to be enlarged and the color of purple is more
evident to each dots.

Calculation:

Magnification power = 40x

Eyepiece lens = 10x
Magnification power  Eyepiece lens = Total magnification
40x  10x = 400x total magnification

Identification of bacteria in terms of size, shape, structure:

Size: Dots are approximately same in sizes.

Shape: Ovoid in shape
Structure: appear to be single-celled.
Type of bacteria: Coccus bacteria.
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Figure 4. Specimen’s Image using Oil Immersion Objective Lens

OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE

Description:

Under the oil immersion objective, the specimen appears to be small and round in shape
and looks like it has a white jelly that surrounds it. Compared to the other objectives, the color
of the bacteria is not that easy to identify. The bacteria appears to have a dark color or a greyish
one. It can be also seen under this objective how large the number of bacteria are there in the
glass slide.

Calculation:

Magnification power = 100x

Eyepiece lens = 10x
Magnification power  Eyepiece lens = Total magnification
100x  10x = 1000x total magnification

IDENTIFICATION IN TERMS OF SIZE, SHAPE, STRUCTURE:

Size: They all appears to be small in size.

Shape: They are all has a round shape or ovoid
Structure: They all appears to be single-celled
Type of Bacteria: Cocci, because of its round or spherical shape
 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION