PHYSICAL EDUCATION
DAY 02: VARIOUS DANCE FORMS
DAY 1: Dance History and
Elements
Brief History of Dance
 From the earliest moments of known human
history, dance accompanied ancient rituals,
spiritual gatherings and social events.
 The oldest proof of existence of dancing comes
from the 9000 year old cave paintings that were
found in India, which depicts various scenes of
hunting, childbirth, religious rites, burials and
most importantly, communal drinking and
dancing.
 Period when dancing became widespread can be
traced to the third millennia BC, when Egyptians
started using dance as integral parts of their
religious ceremonies. Egyptian priests used
musical instruments and dancers to mimic
important events - stories of gods and cosmic
patterns of moving stars and sun.
 1400BC year old Egyptian painting showed the
group of scantily dressed girls who danced for the
wealthy male crowd, supported by the several
musicians.
 Medieval times and the start of the Renaissance
when ballet became integral part of the wealthy
class.
Definition
 the movement of the body in a rhythmic way,
usually to music and within a given space
 The purpose is for expressing an idea or emotion,
releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the
movement itself.
Two concepts of the art of dance
 dance as a powerful impulse
 Dance as a skillfully choreographed art
Elements of Dance
- are the foundational concepts and vocabulary
that help students develop movement skills and
understand dance as an artistic practice.
Body - In dance, the body is the mobile figure or
shape, felt by the dancer, seen by others.
Action - is any human movement included in the act
of dancing— it can include dance steps, facial
movements, partner lifts, gestures, and even everyday
movements such as walking.
Space- Dancers interact with space in myriad ways.
They may stay in one place or they may travel from
one place to another. They may alter the direction,
level, size, and pathways of their movements.
Time - refers to the movement of dancers through
time, and specifically within relationship to the music,
tempo, meter, or rhythm.
Energy - variations in movement flow and the use of
force, tension, and weight
1. Ballet- theatrical dance in which a formal
academic dance technique—the danse d’école—is
combined with other artistic elements such as
music, costume, and stage scenery. The academic
technique itself is also known as ballet.
2. Modern Dance- a free, expressive style of
dancing started in the early 20th century as a
reaction to classical ballet.
3. Cultural Dance- can be another term for folk
dance, or sometimes even for ethnic dance. The
term 'Traditional' is more frequently used when
the emphasis is on the cultural roots of the dance.
4. Dance Sports- is formal social dancing in
couples, popular as a recreation and also as a
competitive activity. The ballroom dance repertoire
includes dances developed from old European folk
dances such as the waltz, Latin American dances
such as the tango, rumba, and cha-cha, and dances
of 20th-century origin such as the foxtrot and
quickstep.
5. Pop dance- originated in America in 1980. Pop
dance is one of the most popular types of dance
ever since it was created. The word "Pop" comes
from the word popular. Pop dance and music was
always used in clubs and never heard elsewhere
until the 1990's when it started to become more
popular and started to be heard on radios t.v and
much more. Pop dance became so popular because
it was so easy to dance to and the lyrics were very
simple, But remained catchy. Pop dance was used
in clubs to include everyone since pop music is a
very easy to dance to type of music.
6. Jazz dance is a performance dance technique
and style that first emerged in the United States in
the early twentieth century. Jazz dance may refer to
vernacular jazz or to Broadway or theatrical jazz.
Both genres build on African American vernacular
styles of dancing that emerged with jazz music.
DAY 03: Fundamental Dance
Positions of the Arms and
Feet
A. FEET POSITIONS
1. First Position-feet close and heels, parallel
touching toes at 45 degrees
2. Second Position - open parallel stride
sideward
3. Third Position- feet close-crossed, Heel
in-step touching Knees
Locked
4. Fourth position- one in front of the other
foot of a pace distance
5. Fifth Position- heel of the front foot close
to the big toe of the rear foot.

B. ARM POSITIONS
1. First Position- Arms encircled in front at chest
level, relaxed, fingers slightly apart
2. Second Position-Arms raised sideways a little
below shoulder level.
3. Third Position- one arm encircles overhead in
the other raised sideways
4. Fourth position- One arm encircles like first
position; the other arm overhead.
5. Fifth Position- both arms overhead
1. Touch step- Point R foot in front( ct. 1 ), step R
close to L ( ct. 2, 3 ). This is commomnly done in
front. =1M
2. Step point- Step R foot in front ( ct. 1), point
L foot in front (cts. 2, 3 ) This step is executed in all
directions.
3. Step swing- Step R (cts. 1,2); swing L (ct. 3)
or step R (ct. 1); swing L (cts. 2,3) Step hop step R
(cts. 1,2); hop R (ct. 3) =1M
4. Close step- 1) Step R foot ( cts. 1 ), close L
to R foot (cts. 2, 3 ) = 1M, ` or 2) Step R foot ( cts.
1, 2 ), close L to R foot (ct. 3) = 1M This may be
executed in any directions
5. Native waltz- Step L foot in front (ct.1), step
R close to L in rear (ct.2), step L in front (ct.3) This
may be executed in all directions.
6. Cross waltz- Step R foot across the L foot in
front and raise slightly the L foot across in rear
(ct.1), step the L foot close to R in rear( ct.2), step
R foot in front (ct. 3). Step on the ball of the rear
foot on the second count.

1. SCHOTTISCHE- CT.1234 = 1M
STEP,CLOSE,STEP,HOP
(RAISE FOOT IN FRONT)
2. ESCOTIS- CT.1234=1M
STEP,CLOSE,STEP,HOP
(RAISE FOOT IN REAR)
3. CHOTIS- CT.12341234=2M
BRUSH,RAISE,BRUSH,RAISE,
STEP,STEP,CLOSE OR PAUSE
DAY 04: Basic Folk Dance Steps

2/4 Time Signature Folk Dance Steps

1. Touch step- Point R foot in front ( ct. 1), step R
close to L (ct. 2). This is commomnly done in front.
=1M
2. Close step- Step R foot (ct. 1), close L to R
foot (ct. 2) = 1M This may be executed in any
directions
3. Change Step- Step R foot in front (ct. 1), step
L close to R foot in rear (ct. and), step R foot quickly
in front (ct. 2). This may be executed in any directions.
4. Step-Point- Step R foot in front( ct. 1), point L
foot in front (ct. 2) This step is executed in all
directions.
5. Plain Polka- Step L foot in front (ct.1), step R
close to left foot in rear (ct. and), step L in front (ct.2),
pause (ct. and).
6. Hop polka- Hop on L foot and step R forward
(ct.1), step L close to R in rear (ct. and), step R foot
forward (ct. 2) and pause (ct. and). This may be
executed in any directions.
7. Heel and Toe Polka- Place L heel in fourth in
front (ct.1), touch left toe in rear ( ct. 2), Take one
plain polka step forward, starting with the L foot (ct. 1,
and 2, and).
8. Slide polka- Take two slide step forward and a
plain polka: Slide L foot in front (ct. 1), close R to L
foot in rear ( ct. and), slide R foot in front ( ct. 2), close
L foot in rear ( ct. and). Take one plain polka forward
starting with the L foot (cts. 1, and 2, and)

3/4 Time Signature Basic Folk Dance Steps