PROJECT PROPOSAL

(1) PROJECT PROFILE

PROFILE TITLE: The Repellency of Cymbopogon Citratus Stapf as 1 Solution 3 Benefits
NAME OF PROJECT PROPONENT/S:
REGION: IV CALABARZON DIVISION: RIZAL
SCHOOL: ABUYOD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL GRADE LEVEL: 10
PROJECT DURATION (NUMBER OF MONTHS):
EMAIL: bacor.angielou#gmail.com CONTACT NUMBER: 09516322771
(2) CATEGORY OF RESEARCH (4) THEME
PHYSICAL SCIENCE FOOD SAFETY
/ LIFE SCIENCE WATER CONSERVATION
ROBOTICS AND INTELLIGENT MACHINES RENEWABLE ENERGY
MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL CYBER SECURITY
SCIENCE TRAFFIC/ROAD CONGESTION
/ HEALTH
DISASTER MITIGATION
(3) AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
INDVIDUAL OTHERS (PLEASE SPECIFY)
/ TEAM
(5) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (NOT TO EXCEED 200 WORDS)

(6) INTRODUCTION

(6.1) RATIONALE/SIGNIFICANCE ( NOT TO EXCEED 200 WORDS)

Lemongrass is a rich source of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which contain antioxidants. It's
also an effective antibacterial and antifungal agent that contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
properties. Lemongrass contains quercetin, a flavonoid known for having antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory benefits. According to a study conducted in 2011, around 95% mosquitos from a specific
range of species were either killed or completely repelled due to the intense odor of lemongrass oil.
In addition, Minerals in lemongrass include calcium (3 mg), potassium (34 mg), manganese (0.2 mg),
magnesium (2.9 mg), and iron (0.4 mg). Lemongrass also provides certain vitamins (in very small
amounts) including, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, and niacin.In any case, citronella and lemongrass are
used extensively as a natural mosquito repellent. Both of them contain the compound citronella that
helps to mask the scents that mosquitoes rely on to target hosts which is carbon dioxide and lactic
acid.

(6.2) SCIENTIFIFC BASIS/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK/MATHEMATICAL THEORY INVOLVED

Some of the world's most deadly diseases are carried and transmitted by mosquitoes. It is estimated
that up to a million people die every year from mosquito-borne illness with many countries around
the world ravaged by malaria, yellow fever, and dengue-hemorrhagic fever.In short, it's a combination
of weather and climate—mosquitoes are very sensitive to their environment. Temperature and
rainfall are two major predictors of mosquito abundance, and this is for a good reason: These two
factors have a massive effect on their survival and ability to reproduce. That is why we wanted to
share with you guys the repellency of Lemongrass as natural mosquito repellent. As a student, I know
that tons of questions are forming onto your head right at this moment such as "What Bugs Does
Lemongrass Repel?" "What is special about lemongrass?" or "Does lemongrass keep mosquitoes
away?"As expected, the best approach is the simultaneous use of several methods in an integrated
pest-management program. Management of adult flies is accomplished mainly with topical
insecticides, applied directly to animals. However, continued or repeated use of conventional
insecticides often results in the development of resistance and fosters serious human health and
environmental concerns.The compounds citral and geranyl acetate are found in lemongrass. Both
compounds are effective against many types of insects and the use of lemongrass oil has been proven
to be effective against mosquitoes, house flies, stable flies, fleas, ticks, lice and other insectsConfusion
may arise for many reasons. First, the response of a single mosquito species is often used to represent
all mosquito species. Second, behavioural studies usually test the effect of repellents on mosquito
attraction towards human odorants, rather than their direct repulsive effect on mosquitoes. Third, the
mosquito sensory neuron responses towards repellents are often not directly examined.

(6.3) OBJECTIVES

GENERAL:

These are our Objectives of having this solution:

A.GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

This solution has 3 Benefits, it can be a fertilizer, Disinfectant and Insect Repellent. We all know that
we are in a rainy season, so spreading of dengue is expected. The one of our objective in this solution
is to protect ourselves into mosquitos and other insects. The Other one objective of having this
solution is to make the plants grow healthy. We all know that the trees in our country are slowly
fading. That's why it's one of our objectives, to make the plants healthy. The Last one is the
Disinfectant, Having Disinfectant with is essential because we're still on a pandemic. this is why the
one of our objectives in this solution is to protect and disinfectant ourselves so we can't be infected by
the corona virus.

SPECIFIC:

B.SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:

1. To get the time (minutes) using stop watch to observe the time and duration of the effectiveness
of lemon grass and orange.

2. To observe the effectiveness of lemongrass and orange solution using two candies, one with the
lemongrass solution and the other candy without the solution

(7) REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and effectiveness of
Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. Using Lemongrass as an insect repellent with its pleasing
aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through the related studies. The following factors are
discussed further with its relation to the study:

Foreign Literature
1.Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the extracted oil is
used as insect repellent. Its extracted will help repel mosquitoes. The oil of the
lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling water over foliage
(Cruz, 2004).From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the components of
lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. Hence, major constituents of lemongrass oil are
citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and limonene. According to homeguides.safegate.com,
lemongrass gas large amount of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal
which are used for repelling insects. Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for
production of citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects spray sand
candles, and also in aromatherapy. The oil of Citronella has been used for over 50 years as an insect
repellent. Research has shown that citronella helps to reduce mosquito landing around 40%. It works
on insects without harming or killing them. It has a distinctive odor which may make it difficult for
some insect to locate the host (Ghosh, 2005).

Local Literature

2. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent As stated by organicfacts.net,

some health benefits that lemongrass oil gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. The
oil is also an anti-depressant, at the same time antibacterial.Aegis Pest Service states that,
“Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. It is
also registered in the list of EPA-GRAS, or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers
generally safe. It doesn’t contain any chemical substances that may irritate a sensitive skin
immediately. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its financial
benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs Php 40.00 it is highly affordable
than the other chemical insect repellent that can be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013).

Foreign Literature

3. Effectiveness of Natural Insect Repellent As said by thehealthvermont.gov, natural insect repellents

are safer than DEET components of a repellent. The benefit of natural insect/mosquito repellent such
as catnip, citronella, and lemongrass is that they can drive insects away because of their sweet and
strong smell, herbs that contain these essential oil sand other components that the insects dislike are
effective in keeping the insects away, it is safer to say that children (that use these natural repellents)
can play in the backyard and can do activities outdoors without worrying about insect bites.
Lemongrass as an insect repellent is relatively effective, and its oil finds widespread use on its own
or in combination with other similar compounds. Lemongrass should deter many bugs from
ruining a nice night on the deck or a fun day of playing in the backyard. Lemongrass as a mosquito
repellent works, though not as well as the strong, potentially harmful chemicals in commercial
insecticides. The plant is also effective on ants and it helps prevent ant-borne diseases like E. Coli and
Salmonella (Johnson, 2019).There are some studies that in oils like lemongrass, lavender, peppermint,
cedar, citronella, geranium and other mosquito- repellent plants will keep insects away for between
thirty minutes and two hours. Generally speaking, these oils can be used topically without issue
(George et. al., 2006).
It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be hazardous to humanskin. However, for safe use,
you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or evenalcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018).In
conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrassthat can be used as an
insect repellent. Using lemongrass as insect repellent provideslots benefits such as health benefits and
financial benefit which is its affordability. This,for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and
alcohol. Furthermore, these relatedstudies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative
insect repellent.

(8) METHODOLOGY

Methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze
information about a topic. In our chosen title the process would be as follows:

PEELING

First step, all we need to do is to peel the orange and then separate or set it aside.

GRINDING

Secondly, grind the orange peel and mix it with water.

ADDING

Third, add the orange juice from the remaining of the orange we used earlier so that we can add the
white vinegar.

MIXING

Next, is to add the lemon oil/lemongrass oil into the mixture.

FINALIZATION

Finally, we can add the calamansi juice and mix well.

SETTING ASIDE

Put it in a container and cover with lid or we can put it in a spray bottle for easier use.

(9) EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND POTENTIAL IMPACT

The expected outputs in this experiment is a great quality of natural insect repellent, fertilizer and
disinfectant. In this experiment we focuses more on the benefits of lemongrass as insecticide.
Although we focuses more on the insecticide it still have a connection.Example of a situation, when
you spray the solution in the plants, it can act as fertilizer since lemongrass and orange has a lot of
benefits that can help plants grow healthy. It also act as disinfectant when you spray into the
surroundings and it also produce natural aroma or scent which is great for relaxing. And lastly, as we
spray the solution into the plants and our surroundings, it also repells the mosquitos and insect since
they find the odor offensive.

Positive and Negative Potential Impact of having a Natural Insect Repellent:

Positive:
An insect repellent will help protect you from mosquitoes that spread malaria and other diseases,
such as dengue, chikungunya, and Yellow fever. You can use an insect repellent on your skin and
clothes to keep away (repel) insects.Also, a natural oil insect repellent is not only effective at driving
away bugs. They also contain antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fungal properties.
There's plenty you can get out of them.

Negative:

The insect repellent DEET keeps insects away, but it wears off with sweat and can cause health
problems in sensitive people, including rashes, skin and mucous membrane irritation, dizziness,
headaches, disorientation, and nausea.Potential Impact of having a natural disinfectant:

Negative:

these disinfectant sprays would have on humans and the environment. According to numerous
studies, exposure to most frequently used disinfectant compounds, viz. quats, sodium hypochlorite,
hydrogen peroxide, alcohol and glutaraldehyde, led to an increased risk of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and eye irritation on health workers and individuals when used
regularly Potential Impact of having a natural fertilizer:

Positive:

Sustainable and Environmentally FriendlySynthetic fertilizers runoff into our waterways harming
marine life and water quality. Organic fertilizers do not run off as easily (if at all) and are associated
with soil structure. According to the Organic Trade Association, organic fertilizer also increases species
biodiversity by 30% compared with synthetic fertilizer.Negative:However, the use of excess fertilizer
can result in a number of problems, such as nutrient loss, surface water and groundwater
contamination, soil acidification or basification, reductions in useful microbial communities, and
increased sensitivity to harmful insects

(10) WORK PLAN AND TARGET DELIVERABLES

(11) REFERENCES

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Essential Oil Extraction Distillation Process. Essentials of Aromatherapy.

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