Science & Technology 10H/10J

CN:
Name: Date:
Application of Friction, FBD and Newton′s Three Laws of Motion
Newton′s Three Laws of Motion:
Newton’s laws of motion has three laws that describes the relationship
between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. Newton’s laws of motion was
formulated by Isaac Newton, a physicist. Newton’s first law states that, “An object at rest, and
an object moving at constant velocity stays at that velocity, unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.” This law of motion is known as the Law of Inertia. The inertia of an object is
a property of the object that resist changes in its motion. An example of inertia is when we are
standing inside a train, and the locomotive engineer steps on the brake to stop at a station, we
tend to move forward for some time after the train stops. This is because our body resists the
changes in motion from moving to rest. Newton’s second law states that, “The acceleration of
an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its
mass.” This law of motion is known as the Law of Acceleration. The formula for Newton’s
second law of motion is F net=ma. Newton’s third law of motion states that, “For every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction.” This law of motion is known as the Law of Interaction.
This law explains that forces comes in pairs -- the action and the reaction, and each force in the
pair acts on different bodies. An
example of Interaction is when a
swimmer use their arms to swim
forward and push the water
backwards. The water reacts by
pushing the swimmer forward,
thrusting the swimmer through
the water.
__________________________
Free Body Diagrams:
Free body diagrams are diagrams used to
show the relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object
in a given situation. It’s also a representation of an object with all the
forces acting on it. Free body diagrams are important because they
allow us to visualize and analyze the forces and
movements applied to an object. The picture shows the
forces acting on the box has mass, and that is being pulled by
a rope at an angle.
______________________________________________________________________________

Friction ( F=μR):
Friction is a force that resists the sliding or
rolling of an object over another. Frictional force happens
when there is a relative motion between two contacting
surface. The direction of the force of friction is the opposite
direction of motion relative to the surface. Frictional Force
is very important in our daily life because without friction
there would be no force slowing down an object when
objects touch against one another. For example, when a
person is walking on the sidewalk, friction saves us from
slipping on its surface. Another example is the moving, turning and stopping of vehicles on the
road, these vehicles rely on friction to move, turn and stop.

Inclined Plane:
Inclined planes are a flat
supporting surface tilted at an angle. If an object
placed on a tilted surface, the object will
accelerate down the tilted surface because of an
unbalanced force. Inclined planes are widely
used in the form of loading ramps, wheelchair
ramps,
etc.
Inclined
planes
as loading goods acts as aids
for loading and unloading goods from a truck. Inclined
planes as wheelchair ramps acts as aid to people with
disability that cannot access the stairs.
Problems:
1. A 90 kg car is placed on a frictionless tile ramp that makes an angle of 45 ° with respect to
the horizontal. Find its acceleration.
m=90 kg θ=45 °
2
g=9.8 m/s
Solution:
m=90 kg

F=mg sinθ

θ=45 °
F=mg cosθ
W =mg F=ma
F
a=
m
Wsinθ
a=
m
(882)(sin 45 ° )
a=
90
49 √ 2
a=
10
a=6.93 m/s
__________________________________
Wcosθ
a=
m
(882)(cos 45° )
a=
90
a= √
49 2
10
a=6.93 m/s
~The acceleration is 6.93 m/s .

2. A 720 kg cart full of groceries is sliding down a 30 ° ramp. The acceleration of the cart is
2
10.0 m/s . What is the coeffiecient of the kinetic friction between the cart and the ramp?
m=720 kg θ=30°
2 2
a=10.0 m/s g=9.8 m/s
Solution:
m=720 kg
 Wsinθ

θ=30° F net=ma
Wcosθ F net=(720)(10)
W =mg F net=7200 N
W =mg
W =( 720 )( 9.8 )
W =7056
F net=Wsinθ−F k
7200=(7056) sin30 °−F k
1
7200=(7056)( )−F k
2
7200=3528−F k
F k =3528−7200
F k =−3672 N
__________________________________
F N =Wcosθ
F N =(7056)cos 30 °

( )
F N =(7056)
√3
2
F N =3528 √3
F N =6111 N
F
μk = k
FN
−3672
μk =
6111
μk =−0.6 N
~The coefficient of the kinetic friction between the cart and the ramp is −0.6 N .
Sources:
 https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Tutorial/Newton-s-Laws
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion
 https://www.phyley.com/freebody-diagram
 https://www.britannica.com/science/friction
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclined_plane#:~:text=Inclined%20planes%20are
%20widely%20used%20in%20the%20form,conveyor%20belts%20are%20also%20forms
%20of%20inclined%20plane.
 https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion