Patterns Identification in Thought-Form Images
Rai Sachindra Prasad Shishir Prasad
Deptt of Electrical and Electronics Deptt of Surgery, Uttarakhand Ayurvedic
Engineering, Graphic Era University, University, Dehradun,
Dehradun, shishirpd@gmail.com
drsachpd@yahoo.com
Abstract—A large number of applications in diverse spectrum
of human activities-from remotely sensed scene interpretation to
biomedical image interpretation are based on image processing
techniques. In recent years, biofield image processing has added
tremendous interest in medical diagnostics. Existence of human
biofield has been now proved beyond doubt. Many decades ago,
followers of Theosophy published several biofield images, calling
them Thought- Forms images of human beings. They claim to
have captured these images using their power of clairvoyance. In
the literature containing these images, the authors have
commented against each image qualifying them as good or bad
thought process of the individuals. However, no scientific proof
was provided in their literature. This background was the
motivation in this paper to undertake a scientific analysis of the
truth or falsehood of their comments. For this, the powerful
image processing tools in the MATLAB were relied upon. For
image analysis, HSV space, rather than RGB color space, has
been often used, and this was followed systematically in the
analysis of true color images of Thought Forms with the main
objective to identify patterns in two broad categories of Good and
Bad.
Keywords—: Image Analysis; Human Biofield; RGB Color
Space; HSV;Theosophy.
I. INTRODUCTION
It is well known that human beings and their behaviour
constitute a complex system which is yet to be fully resolved.
This is because of the looping interface among three
interdependent factors, viz. a) Environment b) biological
organs and c) thought process. Whereas the environmental
system is the result of matter-energy interaction, the biological
system is governed to a major extent through inherited DNA.
On the other hand, the thought process is the manifestation of
the interaction between environment and biological system,
giving rise to the human biofield. However, biofield concept is
not new. It was first stated in early 20th century [1] but
attracted little attention for several decades. However, with
passage of time, new evidences were produced for its
existence, and its diagnostics benefits soon began to be
highlighted in various published literature [2]-[4]. With more
insights in the possibility of exploiting this in medical field, a
new discipline in research, Biophotonics, is now established in
major institutions world over. The detection and
characterization of human biophoton emission has led to
suggestions that it has potential future applications in medicine
[2]-[4]. Since then many advances have taken place in biofield
image processing in several fields [5]. Imaging techniques have
advanced far enough in recent years such as the use of MRI
978-1-5090-3239-6/17/$31.00©2017IEEE
Vikas Prasad
Deptt of Nuclear Medicine, Charite
Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany,
drvikaspd@yahoo.com
and PET providing diagnostics in medical field [6]. However,
to date, no study exists on the analysis of true color images of
Thought-Forms, which are stated to be potential indicators of
the state of mind with wide ramifications, not only in medical
field but also in social fabric of the world at large. Admittedly,
this is because the present day technology using CCD camera
to capture ultraweak photons of human biofield is limited to
some parts of the body. However, it is our belief that in none-
too-distant a future, it would be possible to capture true color
images of biofield of the whole body which are strongly
influenced by the thinking process of the individuals [7]-[9],
using advanced biophotonic camera. Theosophical texts have
published images of thought forms of several unidentified (by
name) individuals, capturing them using the power of
clairvoyance, as they claimed in [10], [11]. Against each such
image, comments about the individual’s thought process have
also been made, e.g., qualifying them as ‘Good’ or ‘Bad’, or a
mix of both Good and Bad [11]. These comments are based on
the visual observations of the images by the authors, C W
Leadbeater and Annie Beasant, in the book [10]. Their
comments were influenced by two main features, viz. multi
spectrum colors, and their shape. But no scientific proof was
provided. In Ayurveda, the texts strongly support the theory of
high impact of thought forms on various types of ailments [12].
A literature survey on the importance of colors reveals that
Theosophical literature and some religious texts attach great
significance to the colors [13]-[15]. With this background, this
paper is devoted to a systematic application of HSV color
space for analysis of the images, and based upon its findings, to
identify the pattern of each of the twenty eight true color
images, copied from the Theosophical literature [11]. The
identification of patterns in images is in two broad classes of
Good or Bad. The analytical procedure uses a single attribute
of Hue (h) in the HSV space to divide the patterns in two main
classes, as stated above, and then compare the results with the
comments in the theosophical texts. With the success of the
adopted procedure, it is believed, it will have great scope of
applications in analytical field of true color images even
without the inclusion of the shape of the images.
This paper is arranged as follows: in section II, the
procedure for obtaining the RGB color space of each of the
twenty eight images, which form the group for pattern
identification, is described. In section III, the transformation in
HSV model of the RGB color space, and the importance of
HSV attributes, hue (h), saturation (s), and value (v), are
discussed. Since some authors [16], [17] have not ruled out the
possibility of correlation among h, s, and v, the method of
Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is adopted as in [18], to
test the singularity problems, if any. Also, a sensitivity test is
discussed to determine which color intensity R, G, B has the
greater influence in variation of h individually. Since h as the
single parameter is used here for analysis of the images, a
scatter diagram is shown (Fig. 3) to explain applications in
recognizing patterns. In the next section, results are presented,
and it is shown how a single attribute of h alone is sufficient to
indentify the images in two broad patterns of Good and Bad.
Then, the results of pattern identification of the images against
the corresponding comments in the theosophical literature are
compared. All experiments have been performed on the
MATLAB platform. To conclude in Section V, future steps for
research in investigation of Thought Form images are
highlighted.
II. THOUGHT FORM IMAGES AND RGB COLOR SPACE
A. Thought Form Images
The source of the images and their related comments in
literature [10], [11], are authored by C W Leadbeater and
Annie Besant. The images of Thought-Forms were captured by
both, using the power of clairvoyance, as they claimed. As
stated in the literature, the drawing and painting of the
Thought-Forms was done by three friends of the authors. Mrs.
Annie Besant, in her foreword of the book, wrote “It is our
earnest hope—as it is our belief—that this little book will serve
as a striking moral lesson to every reader, making him realize
the nature and power of his thoughts, acting as a stimulus to the
noble, a curb on the base. With this belief and hope we send it
on its way.” Unfortunately, all the images, copied from the text
and analyzed in the workspace of MATLAB platform, are not
shown in this paper due to space constraints; a few of them are
shown while discussing the details of experimental results in
Section IV. It may be noted that the comments about the type
(patterns) of images were based on the two features of color
and shape of the images. However, in this paper influence of
only colors is the consideration for identifying the pattern,
leaving the other parameter of shape for future investigation in
image processing. Another important point to note is that
although the comments on the images about the behavior of
unidentified individuals were grouped mostly in two broad
patterns of Good and Bad, there were a few images which
contained mixed comment of both Good and Bad types.
However, in the initial investigation in this paper, these few
mixed comment images (indicated in Section IV) are grouped
in either of the two patterns, based on trial and error approach
on assignment of a few cut-off values of h (hue) in the HSV
model. This assignment is not arbitrary as it is strongly guided
by the scatter of h values against the twenty eight images on
which experiments were conducted. This will be discussed
later in Section III and Section IV.
B. RGB Color Space
The RGB (Red Green Blue) color space is the most
widely used color spaces in 8-bit digital image processing. It is
an additive model where R G and B colors are combined in
different ratios to reproduce other colors. The pixels of an
image in the RGB color space model with 8 bits depth for each
color, results in 256 possible intensities in the range of [0, 255]
for each color. Other possible depths are 24 and 64 bits. In this
paper, experiments were performed with 8 bit depth of the
pixels for each color. Depending on the intensity units of R, G,
B, any particular color is possible in the space [0 255]. Each of
these three primary colors can vary between the minimum
value [0 0 0], producing totally dark, and the maximum value
[255 255 255], producing white space. Between these two
extremes are the following colors which figured in our
estimation of cut off values of the h attribute in the HSV
model, particularly the approximation to near the dark gray
values of pixels : [50 50 50] dark gray; [255 255 0] yellow;
[100 0 0] red. The use of true color Thought Form images in
the experiments are all in JPG raster format. Thought form
images are, as a class, different types in respect of its features
requiring no manipulations of pixels, usual for all other true
color digital images. Any type of pixel manipulation would
change the original image and no matter how efficient would
be the restoration tools for image processing; the originality
would be lost which may result in vital loss of information for
interpretation. In the cases under study, what is intended to
achieve is the scientific interpretation of the image for
classification in the two broad categories as stated earlier. For
analysis, all the twenty eight Thought-Form images were
imported in the workspace of MATLAB. Using ‘imtool' on
MATLAB image plots, pixels (m-by-3) in R G B color space
were obtained at specific positions on the images. Some images
contained more than single color on visual inspection which
warranted choice of more than one position for acquiring
pixels, otherwise only one position was used. For each pixel,
the average of the RGB values (on 3 layers) was computed and
then the computed average was assigned to that pixel on each
layer.
In this way, pixels forming three layers in a grid of (4 x 6)
were obtained taking care that the choice of position or
positions were such that the pixel values on the selected
positions in the image were neither very different in values nor
lost. This is further explained with examples later when results
are presented and discussed. Also, all the computed average
values in the range of [0 255] are then scaled to the range [0 1]
to facilitate conversion of RGB color space into HSV model
(see TABLE 1). All the image data are of type uint8, unsigned
8-bit integer which is accepted in the MATLAB workspace.
III. HSV AS CHOICE FOR ANALYIS OF THOUGHT FORM IMAGES
While the RGB is a physiologically inspired color model,
the HSV (Hue, Saturation and Value), part of the HIS (Hue
Saturation and Intensity) family, comes under Psychophysical
color model built on experiments to comply with human color
perception level [16], [17]. The HSV color space is based on
the intuitive appeal of attributes such as tint, shade, and tone
which enable human beings to differentiate between colors.
The set of equations which can be used to transform a point in
RGB coordinate system to the appropriate value in HSV space
are well documented in several books and papers [16], [17].
However, in this paper a built-in MATLAB function rgb2hsv()
has been used. There are some advantages of user-friendly
HSV, apart from the most important one of human perception,
over other color spaces. It is possible to separate chromatic
values from achromatic values, and a very useful one color
feature of hue for segmentation purposes. This enables faster
implementation of algorithms for image segmentation
compared to three color feature in RGB color space. This
feature of single color of hue is used here as an analytical tool
for segmentation of patterns in various Thought-Form images.
However, there are some weaknesses too [16] in HSV
implementation, viz. (i) possibility of singularities occurring
during transformation from RGB space to HSV, which may
lead to undefined hue for achromatic points, (ii) sensitivity to
small deviations of RGB values near singular points, and (iii)
possibility of numerical instability when using hue due to the
angular nature of coordinates. Since the single color feature of
hue is used here in pattern recognition of images, it is
necessary to test the occurrence of singular values in the
transformed values of RGB color space on to HSV space.
There are many ways suggested in literature to test if there are
linear dependencies among the transformed values in the HSV
space. However, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used
because of its merits over other methods [18], [19] to test
singularities, if any, so that the transformed values in hue can
be trusted for pattern recognition. SVD is introduced briefly
next.
A. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of HSV components
Singular Value decomposition (SVD) was introduced in
[20] as remedial measure to deal with inverse problems of ill
conditioned data matrices. This has found applications in
several fields [20]. The merits of SVD have been fully
explained in [18]-[20]. The essential features of SVD are
contained in the following theorem which is stated without
proof:
Theorem:
Let A be any n x p matrix, U (n x p) and V (p x p) be the
orthogonal matrices; then A can be decomposed as
A = UDV' (3.1)
where, D is a diagonal matrix, of the order p x p, containing
non-negative diagonal elements, μj , j = 1,2,., p; μ1 > μ2 >.. .μp≥
0. The diagonal elements, μj, are called singular values of A.
These elements are crucial in determining dependency or
dependencies when multicollinearity (MC) exists among the
columns of A. Although any singular value μj can be zero, in
which case there will be perfect collinearity, such a situation
may not be a possibility in case of transformed values in HSV
space. Any practical situation, where μj approaches zero, is of
considerable interest and importance in the analysis of MC.
This very feature has been utilized in the analysis of HSV
forming a rectangular matrix whose columns represent the
variables (h s v) as predictors. If in (3.1) D is partitioned such
that
ª D11 0 º
A=U « V' (3.2)
0 »¼
¬0
Where, D11 is, say, a r x r diagonal and definitely non-
negative, r < p, for a hypothetical rank-deficient matrix A.
Post multiplying (3.2) by V on both sides, and partitioning V
and U, the following is obtained.
ª D11 0 º
A > V1 V2 @ = > U1 U2 @ «0 (3.3)
¬ 0 »¼
Where V1 is p x r, U1 is n x r, V2 is p x (p-r), and U2 is n x (n-
r). Equation (3.3) yields
AV1 = U1 D11 (3.4)
AV2 = 0 (3.5)
Equation (3.5) is of interest since the effect of MC is reflected
here. The p x (p-r) matrix V2 provides an orthogonal basis for
the null space associated with the columns of A. Assuming
that A possesses (p-r) exact linear relations, there would be
exactly (p-r) zeros for μj along the diagonal of D. The
variables involved in exhibiting this exact MC would be
determined by the nonzero elements of V2 in (3.5). Then the
ratio of largest to smallest μj, called the condition number,
k(A), is an indication of the presence of collinearity, provided
this ratio exceeds 1. Here A must be standardized to unit
length, i.e. in the range (0 1). Now to implement the SVD test
on the HSV components (h s v), which are transformed values
of RGB color space (sR sG sB), as shown in the columns
fourth to sixth of TABLE I, an inbuilt function in MATLAB is
used, stated below. The results are also shown below:
[U S V] = svd (cmap); % (hsv data are stored in cmap).
Since the ratio of maximum to minimum values in the
diagonal elements of S above works out to 5.51, the condition
number is very low indicating that there is no singularity
problem in the HSV components for these images. In other
words the values of hue as transformed from RGB space can be
relied upon. The transformed values in the HSV space (h s v)
can be seen in columns 7-9 in TABLE I. As shown in TABLE
I, there are in all twenty eight images which have been
assigned names in the image source document [11]. These are
restated below: (The figure numbers before image names are
inset in the images discussed in Section IV) 24 Explosive
Anger, 15 Upward Rush of Devotion, 22 Murderous Rage, 23
Sustained Anger, 25 Watchful and Angry Jealousy, 19
Intention to Know, 27 Sudden Fright, 28 Selfish Greed, 16 Self
Renunciation, 12 Peace and Protection, 8 Vague Pure
Affection, 11 Radiating Affection, 9 Vague Selfish Affection,
14 Vague Religious Feeling, 18 Vague Intellectual Pleasure,
18A Vague Sympathy 29 Greed for Drink, 30 At a Shipwreck,
33 At a Street Accident, 35 On Meeting a Friend 37 Sympathy
for All, 34 Image at Funeral, 32 Image Gambler, 21 Selfish
Ambition, 36 Appreciation of a Picture, 10 Definite Affection,
13 Grasping Animal Affection, 20 High Ambition
Note that for some images (see TABLE 1), the acquisition of
R G B pixels data in the grid (4 x 6) surrounding the point
position (x y), are at more than one positions necessitated due,
either to multi colors in the image or more than one
individual’s Thought Form in an image, or both. Thus for all
pixel positions, the number of images forming the study for
experiments becomes seventy. To clarify this, see image in
Fig.1a and its associated pixels-grid in Fig. 1b. For the same
 B:115 B:116 B:124 B:123 B:124 B:122

image of Fig.1a, another pixel grid for the second position (x1 R:253
G:207
B:119
R:253
G:207
B:119
R:255
G:209
B:127
R:254
G:209
B:126
R:253
G:208
B:127
R:253
G:208
B:125

y1), is shown in Fig. 2a and Fig.2b respectively. R:254

G:208
R:254
G:209
R:255
G:211
R:254
G:209
R:252
G:207
R:251
G:206

Image 18 (Vague Intellectual Pleasure)

B:122 B:124 B:128 B:128 B:126 B:125
R:254 R:255 R:255 R:252 R:249 R:248
G:209 G:211 G:212 G:209 G:206 G:206
R:241 R:240 R:239 R:240 R:239 R:238 B:124 B:128 B:131 B:130 B:127 B:124
G:183 G:182 G:181 G:182 G:181 G:180 R:255 R:255 R:255 R:253 R:250 R:249
B: 86 B: 85 B: 84 B: 85 B: 84 B: 83 G:210 G:213 G:213 G:210 G:207 G:206
B:127 B:132 B:134 B:131 B:128 B:127
R:240 R:238 R:237 R:239 R:239 R:239
G:182
B: 85
G:180
B: 83
G:179
B: 82
G:181
B: 84
G:181
B: 84
G:181
B: 84
Fig.2a; Pixel positioned at (x1,y1) Fig. 2b Pixel Grid
R:236 R:234 R:234 R:239 R:240 R:241
G:180 G:178 G:178 G:180 G:181 G:182
B: 85 B: 83 B: 83 B: 86 B: 87 B: 88
R:234 R:233 R:233 R:237 R:238 R:241
G:178 G:177 G:177 G:181 G:182 G:182
B: 85 B: 84 B: 82 B: 86 B: 87 B: 88

Fig.1a Pixel positioned at (x,y) ; Fig. 1b Pixel Grid

TABLE 1 RGB Intensities, scaled values of RGB, HSV components 117 143 115 0.459 0.561 0.451 0.321 0.196 0.561
RGB Color Space Columns 1-3; Scaled values of RGB 243 203 101 0.953 0.796 0.396 0.120 0.584 0.953
I Columns 4-6; HSV space components Columns 7-9. 222 98 104 0.871 0.384 0.408 0.992 0.559 0.871
m R G B sR sG sB h s v 33 123 171 151 0.482 0.671 0.592 0.431 0.281 0.671
116 124 127 0.455 0.486 0.498 0.545 0.087 0.498
24 216. 40 53 0.847 0.157 0.208 0.987 0.815 0.847 229 139 186 0.898 0.545 0.729 0.913 0.393 0.898
15 70 114 185. 0.275 0.447 0.725 0.603 0.622 0.725 163 163 134 0.639 0.639 0.525 0.167 0.178 0.639
22 139 54. 49 0.545 0.212 0.192 0.009 0.647 0.545 150 163 120 0.588 0.639 0.471 0.217 0.264 0.639
93 69 58 0.365 0.271 0.227 0 052 0.376 0.365 223 100 155 0.874 0.392 0.608 0.925 0.552 0.874
23 219 60 62 0.859 0.235 0.243 0.998 0.726 0.859 35 235 142 162 0.922 0.557 0.635 0.964 0.396 0.922
94 25 34 0.369 0.098 0.133 0.978 0.734 0.369 245 165 86 0.961 0.647 0.337 0.083 0.649 0.961
25 181 192 146 0.710 0.753 0.572 0.206 0.240 0.753 180 207 160 0.706 0.812 0.627 0.262 0.227 0.812
19 246 135 67 0.965 0.529 0.263 0.063 0.728 0.965 37 210 73 116 0.823 0.286 0.455 0.948 0.652 0.823
27 158 166 175 0.620 0.651 0.686 0.588 0.097 0.686 34 165 157 180 0.647 0.616 0.706 0.725 0.128 0.706
28 150 103 85 0.588 0.404 0.333 0.046 0.433 0.588 105 97 118 0.412 0.380 0.463 0.730 0.178 0.463
16 171 203 249 0.671 0.796 0.976 0.598 0.313 0.976 153 95 92 0.600 0.372 0.361 0.008 0.399 0.600
12 235 197 86 0.922 0.772 0.337 0.124 0.634 0.922 210 222 251 0.823 0.871 0.984 0.618 0.163 0.984
247 173 206 0.969 0.678 0.808 0 926 0.299 0.969 249 226 116 0.976 0.886 0.455 0.138 0.534 0.976
8 219 58 105 0.859 0.227 0.412 0.951 0.735 0.859 236 160 197 0.925 0.627 0.772 0.919 0.322 0.925
230 92 132 0.902 0.361 0.518 0.952 0.600 0.902 189 191 134 0.741 0.749 0.525 0.172 0.298 0.749
11 200 74 38 0.784 0.290 0.149 0.037 0.810 0.784 32 67 49 50 0.263 0.192 0.196 0.991 0.269 0.263
9 97 46 68 0.380 0.180 0.267 0.928 0.526 0.380 10 9 16 0.039 0.035 0.063 0.690 0.437 0.063
191 173 170 0.749 0.678 0.667 0.024 0.110 0.749
180 106 136 0.706 0.416 0.533 0.932 0.411 0.706
198 55 66 0.776 0.216 0.259 0.987 0.722 0.776
158 29 67 0.620 0.114 0.263 0.951 0.816 0.620
192 126 153 0.753 0.494 0.600 0.932 0.344 0.753 255 170 123 1.000 0.667 0.482 0.059 0.518 1.000
251 93 54 0.984 0.365 0.212 0.033 0.785 0.984
14 102 150 234 0.400 0.588 0.918 0.606 0.564 0.918
221 107 92 0.867 0.420 0.361 0.019 0.584 0.867
124 172 248 0.486 0.674 0.972 0.602 0.500 0.972
179 130 112 0.702 0.510 0.439 0.045 0.374 0.702
18 238 180 84 0.933 0.706 0.329 0.104 0.647 0.933
21 170 108 65 0.667 0.423 0.255 0.068 0.618 0.667
53 209 124 0.208 0.820 0.486 0.409 0.746 0.820
36 188 142 150 0.737 0.557 0.588 0.971 0.245 0.737
18 102 150 139 0.400 0.588 0.545 0.462 0.320 0.588
237 190 151 0.929 0.745 0.592 0.076 0.363 0.929
a
232 238 216 0.910 0.933 0.847 0.212 0.092 0.933
29 159 51 50 0.623 0.200 0.196 0.001 0.685 0.623
215 222 177 0.843 0.871 0.694 0.193 0.203 0.871
124 31 41 0.486 0.122 0.161 0.982 0.750 0.486
245 220 171 0.961 0.863 0.677 0.110 0.302 0.961
170 66 67 0.667 0.259 0.263 0.998 0.612 0.666
10 242 98 131 0.949 0.384 0.514 0.962 0.595 0.949
30 173 161 178 0.678 0.631 0.698 0.784 0.095 0.698 13 125 59 87 0.490 0.231 0.341 0.929 0.528 0.490
90 68 83 0.353 0.267 0.325 0.886 0.244 0.353 20 246 186 126 0.965 0.729 0.494 0.083 0.488 0.965
177 168 183 0.694 0.659 0.718 0.767 0.082 0.718
70 93 157 0.274 0.365 0.616 0.623 0.554 0.616
225 107 97 0.882 0.420 0.380 0.013 0.569 0.882

sensitivity results among the three individual colors are not

B. Sensitivity Test of Hue against R, G, B Intensities
In order to test which color intensity in RGB space has the
maximum influence on variation of hue in the HSV space,
sensitivity was defined individually and tested against each of
the intensity R, G, B, keeping the other two constant, as shown
next:
SR= ∆h/∆R, SG = ∆h/∆G, SB = ∆h/∆B
Where ∆h = h max – hmin, and similarly for ∆R, ∆G, ∆B. From
the computed values of h and the scaled values of R, G, B in
TABLE I, values of SR = 1.04, SG = 1.11, and SB = 1.08, were
obtained. This suggests the greater influence of intensity G
over variation in hue, compared to R and B. This fact was also
taken somewhat into consideration when using the trial and
error approach for cut-off value selection of hue, although the
very different.
C. Scatter of hue against images
Presuming that the single color feature, hue, in the HSV
space should provide a guideline why some images are
commented in [11] as Good or Bad or a mix of the two, a
scatter diagram was obtained using MATLAB inbuilt function,
(3.6) scatter(...,'filled'). This is shown in Fig. 3. The scatter diagram
shows that all images are divided into three areas of the
diagram, viz. those lying above and below the upper and the
lower horizontal lines, drawn in the scatter diagram, and the
middle area containing the remaining images enclosed in the
space between the two lines. The application of scatter diagram
in pattern identification is explained in the next section which
follows.
 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the circular scale are nearly the same in appearance or effect.
This because the HSV model is based on cylindrical
Guided by the three main factors, viz. (i) the scatter of hue
against all images of seventy pixel positions for acquisition of coordinates. Therefore, hue is essentially the same hue starting
pixel data in the RGB color space, (ii) the comments against at the zero-level and moving through the full visible spectrum
each of the twenty eight images in Theosophical literature, and to the same 360-level. This was the important consideration in
to a lesser extent on (iii) the effect of Green color intensity calling all images below 0.03 and above 0.97 to lie in the same
more than Red or Blue causing the variation of hue in the HSV pattern. Results are presented next for each of the six images
space, it was possible to recognize the pattern of each of these mentioned earlier.
twenty eight images, using trial and error approach in two main Image 12 (Peace and Protection)
classes of Good and Bad. This trial and error approach is not G:206
B: 92
G:203
B: 87
G:194
B: 77
G:194
B: 77
G:197
B: 82
G:198
B: 89
arbitrary though, since the boundaries of trial and error were set R:245 R:242 R:232 R:232 R:237 R:241

within a very narrow limit by the hue content (h) which is G:205
B: 94
G:202
B: 89
G:192
B: 78
G:195
B: 80
G:200
B: 86
G:203
B: 94

shown by the two drawn horizontal lines at the top and bottom R:240
G:202
R:234
G:196
R:229
G:191
R:226
G:189
R:234
G:196
R:239
G:200
in the scatter diagram (Fig.3). B: 95 B: 89 B: 82 B: 75 B: 85 B: 95
R:237 R:235 R:231 R:227 R:233 R:236
G:200 G:198 G:194 G:189 G:195 G:197
Scatter of hues (h) against Thought Form Images B: 94 B: 92 B: 87 B: 78 B: 84 B: 92
1
R:240 R:239 R:235 R:232 R:234 R:234
0.9 G:203 G:202 G:198 G:194 G:196 G:195

0.8 Fig. 4 Image at serial no 12 (TABLE I) and its Pixel Grid.

hsv= 0.1242 0.6340 0.9216; 0.97> h>0.03. Pattern- Good.
0.7
Hues (h)------------------------>

Comment in literature: Good

0.6

All images above the

0.5
upper line and below the G:178 G:179 G:179 G:191 G:176 G:180
lower line are of Bad
Pattern, the rest are Not B:209 B:209 B:208 B:219 B:205 B:213
0.4
R:251 R:245 R:248 R:255 R:245 R:255
0.3 G:176 G:172 G:177 G:195 G:176 G:183
B:207 B:202 B:207 B:224 B:205 B:213
0.2 R:242 R:255 R:255 R:250 R:245 R:244
G:165 G:182 G:188 G:177 G:172 G:171
0.1 B:197 B:213 B:219 B:207 B:202 B:201
Bad R:247 R:253 R:246 R:251 R:240 R:244
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
G:168 G:176 G:169 G:176 G:165 G:171
Thought Form Images----------> B:200 B:208 B:201 B:207 B:196 B:200
R:237 R:237 R:249 R:234 R:247 R:255
G:158 G:160 G:172 G:157 G:170 G:186

Fig.3 Scatter Diagram of Hue against Images Fig. 5 Image at serial no 13 (TABLE I) and its Pixel Grid
As stated earlier, the h content of all the seventy images hsv = 0.9257 0.2996 0.9686; 0.97> h>0.03, Pattern- Good
corresponding to seventy positions of pixel data in the grid, Comment in literature: Good
were individually checked with the comments [11] in the Image 16 (Self Renunciation)
literature. When compared with the comments, it was found G:200
B:247
G:198
B:245
G:197
B:244
G:201
B:248
G:201
B:248
G:202
B:251
that nearly eighty five percent of the images were correctly R:169 R:168 R:167 R:166 R:170 R:174
classified in the ‘Bad’ or ‘Good’ patterns, on first trial in G:201
B:248
G:200
B:247
G:199
B:246
G:198
B:245
G:202
B:249
G:206
B:255
assumption of the cut-off points of hue (h>=0.93) for drawing R:171 R:171 R:171 R:163 R:168 R:174

the upper horizontal line, and (h<=0.08) for the lower G:203
B:250
G:203
B:250
G:203
B:250
G:195
B:242
G:200
B:247
G:206
B:255
horizontal line. Two more trials on raising the upper cut-off R:172 R:174 R:175 R:166 R:171 R:177
G:204 G:206 G:207 G:198 G:203 G:209
point and in lowering the lower cut-off points, ( h >= 0.97) and B:251 B:253 B:254 B:245 B:250 B:255

(h <= 0.030), respectively, resulted in unambiguous R:170

G:202
R:172
G:204
R:173
G:205
R:171
G:203
R:175
G:207
R:178
G:210
identification of more than ninety percent of the images. It may Fig. 6 Image at serial no 11 (TABLE I) and its Pixel Grid
be noted that a variation of 1% was allowed in the lower and hsv = 0.5983 0.3133 0.9765; 0.97> h>0.03, Pattern- Good
upper cut-off values for very practical reasons. Due to space Comment in literature: Good
constraints, all results presented here are restricted to five
Image 27 (Sudden Fright)G:167
images, viz. Image numbers 12, 16, 27, 23, and 28. Complete B:176
G:163
B:172
G:165
B:174
G:169
B:178
G:161
B:170
G:158
B:167
G:
B:
results of pattern recognition are shown in TABLE II. The R:158 R:153 R:157 R:162 R:157 R:156 R:
G:167 G:162 G:166 G:171 G:166 G:165 G:
results of first trial with h content for upper and lower cut-off B:176 B:171 B:175 B:180 B:175 B:174 B:

of (h>=0.93) and (h<= 0.08), showed 23 images above the R:156

G:165
R:156
G:165
R:161
G:170
R:168
G:177
R:163
G:172
R:161
G:168
R:
G:

upper line and 17 images below the lower line in Fig. 3, i.e. B:174
R:165
B:174
R:164
B:179
R:164
B:186
R:164
B:181
R:152
B:178
R:143
B:
R:
forty images in Bad pattern and the remaining thirty in Good G:174
B:183
G:173
B:182
G:173
B:182
G:173
B:182
G:161
B:170
G:150
B:160
G:
B:
pattern. As stated above, two more successive trials and R:155 R:154 R:155 R:159 R:153 R:150 R:
G:164 G:161 G:162 G:166 G:160 G:154 G:
comparison with the comments resulted in more than ninety
Fig. 7 at serial no 9 (TABLE I) and its Pixel Grid
percent unambiguous identification which can be seen in
hsv = 0.5882 0.0971 0.6863; 0.97> h>0.03, Pattern- Good
TABLE II. The trials stopped when no further improvement
Comment in literature: Sudden emotion. It was interpreted
resulted in pattern identification. As shown (TABLE II), there
here as Good
are only three images which were found mismatched. It may be
noted that cut off content of hue (0.03 and 0.97) at both ends of
Image 23 (Sustained Anger) value of h favoring Good or the Bad pattern. This is explained
: 47
R:210
B: 53
R:216
B: 61
R:223
B: 66
R:228
B: 63
R:224
B: 58
R:219
B:
R:
in the procedure with one example, image 30, to save space.
: 45 G: 53 G: 63 G: 68 G: 66 G: 61 G:
: 49 B: 56 B: 65 B: 70 B: 67 B: 62 B:
Image 30 (At a Shipwreck)
R:223 R:223 R:224 R:222 R:217 R:214 R:
: 60 G: 63 G: 64 G: 64 G: 59 G: 56 G:
: 63 B: 65 B: 66 B: 65 B: 60 B: 57 B:
R:226 R:224 R:222 R:219 R:217 R:216 R:
: 66 G: 66 G: 64 G: 61 G: 59 G: 58 G:
: 68 B: 67 B: 65 B: 62 B: 60 B: 59 B:
R:219 R:217 R:216 R:216 R:220 R:221 R:
: 61 G: 61 G: 60 G: 60 G: 62 G: 63 G:
: 62 B: 62 B: 61 B: 61 B: 63 B: 64 B:

Fig. 8 at serial no 5 (TABLE I) and its Pixel Grid

hsv = 0.9979 0.7260 0.8588; h > 0.97,
Comment in literature: Bad
R:102 R: 98 R: 95 R: 97 R: 89 R: 83
G: 29 G: 27 G: 28 G: 31 G: 28 G: 26
B: 36 B: 35 B: 35 B: 41 B: 36 B: 35
R:102 R: 99 R:100 R: 92 R: 84 R: 82
G: 25 G: 26 G: 29 G: 25 G: 21 G: 22
B: 33 B: 35 B: 37 B: 34 B: 30 B: 32
R:105 R:101 R:100 R: 89 R: 84 R: 80
G: 25 G: 25 G: 27 G: 19 G: 19 G: 19
B: 34 B: 35 B: 36 B: 29 B: 27 B: 27
R:107 R:103 R: 99 R: 96 R: 94 R: 86
Fig. 11 at serial no 29 (TABLE I) with eight pixel positions.
G: 28
B: 34
G: 26
B: 34
G: 26
B: 35
G: 26
B: 36
G: 29
B: 37
G: 25
B: 33
hsv=[0.7843 0.0955 0.6980;0.8864 0.2444 0.3529;0.7667 0.0820 0.7176;
0.6226 0.5541 0.6157;0.0130 0.5689 0.8824;0.3214 0.1958 0.5608;0.1197
Fig. 9 at serial no 6 (TABLE I) and its Pixel Grid 0.5844 0.9529;0.9919 0.5586 0.8706];
hsv = 0.9783 0.7340 0.3686; h > 0.97, Pattern- Bad . Comment The first two h s v data in the hsv matrix belongs to two
in literature: Bad different positions of the image of the person at bottom right
Image 28 (Selfish Greed) hand, the next two are for another passenger at bottom left of
9
3
R:153
G:108
R:161
G:116
R:156
G:111
R:141
G: 94
R:138
G: 91
R:143
G: 94 the image figure, and the next four data are from the thought-
7
6
B: 89
R:150
B: 97
R:152
B: 92
R:151
B: 76
R:143
B: 73
R:142
B: 77
R:149
form image of captain of the ship, shown at the top in Fig.11. A
0
4
G:105
B: 86
G:107
B: 88
G:106
B: 87
G: 96
B: 78
G: 95
B: 77
G:100
B: 83
look at the hsv data reveals that only value of h in the fifth and
9 R:149 R:148 R:150 R:147 R:147 R:148 eighth positions (TABLE I) indicate a pattern in Bad category,
2
6
G:102
B: 84
G:101
B: 83
G:103
B: 85
G:100
B: 82
G:100
B: 82
G:101
B: 83 the rest are all in Good category. Both the rows pertain to the
5
8
R:154
G:107
R:157
G:110
R:155
G:108
R:152
G:105
R:156
G:109
R:152
G:105
captain’s thought form, commented to be in anger and in
2 B: 89 B: 92 B: 90 B: 87 B: 91 B: 87 frustration, represented by the pixel data. The position of pixel
Fig.10 at serial no 10 (TABLE I) and its Pixel Grid at the two places of the captain’s thought-form image correctly
hsv = 0.0462, 0.4333, 0.5882; 0.97 >h > 0.03 pointed the pattern in Bad category. Note that these positions
Comment in literature: Bad covered very small area, compared to the remaining areas in
the image, which can be viewed in enlarged form. This is what
TABLE II Results of Pattern Recognition in Images has been called here as Majority Decision (M); this majority
Image 2 1 2 2
25
1 2 2
16
1
8 rule was also called ‘Voting’ by some authors in [21].
Nos 4 5 2 3 9 7 8 2
Pattern 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 Image 34 (Funeral) :
Remarks
Image 1 1 1 18 2 3 3 3 3
9 35
Nos 1 4 8 A 9 0 3 7 4
Pattern 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
Remarks X M M M
Image 3 2 3 1 2
13
Nos 2 1 6 0 0
Pattern 0 1 1 0 0 1
Remarks M X X
Legend: Good-1, Bad-0, X- Misclassified, Majority Decision-M
Fig. 12 at Serial 47 of TABLE I.
In TABLE II, all results of pattern recognition have been Figures of images related to all the seven pixel positions have
shown Except for one mismatch in pattern recognition, viz. not been shown for acquisition of pixel data due to space
image 20, all others classified match with the comments in the constraints, but the h content can be seen in the hsv data in
literature. In the remarks row of the Table II, M stands for
TABLE I for the seven positions. Only one of the seven h
Majority Decision which needs clarification. There are some
images, e.g. 30, 33, 34, in which Thought Form images of values (0.0082) indicates a Bad pattern in the thought form of
more than a single person are shown. Therefore, pixel data the person positioned at right side in the image, for which three
have been taken at several positions in the image in order to pixel positions were set. This was then decided on the majority
cover all relevant color features in the images. Also, some rule since the other two h values (0.7246, 0.7302) indicated
images, e.g. 12, 32, 35, 36, where there are multi colors even Good pattern. However, if the particular position of pixel
though the images are of one individual. In all such cases, the yielding h content either in Good or in Bad pattern is
patterns have been identified on the basis of majority of cut-off concerned, there is no ambiguity in discrimination as far as the
color, becoming the basis of comments, is concerned. Before [5]
this section is closed, it is worthwhile to comment that the three [6]
images which were not identified (11, 10, and 13), this was in
[7]
all probability due to not taking the additional feature of shape
of the image which was also the second parameter for the [8]
comments by the authors. As stated earlier, the image as a
whole was identified in Good Pattern based on the majority
decision.
[9]
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this first of its kind explorative study on Thought Form
images, a scientific base has been developed, using image [10]
processing tools on MATLAB platform for giving objectivity
to classification of Thought Form images in good or bad
pattern with more than ninety percent diagnostic accuracy. For [11]
identification of patterns, a systematic approach has been
shown in the application of HSV space. It is believed, this [12]
effort opens up the possibility to process thought form images
[13]
acquired in future through advanced biophotonic cameras. The
algorithm for the entire analytical procedure adopted in this
[14]
paper, when implemented with biophotonic camera, might help
in characterization of psychological, neurological, and other [15]
diseases like cancer non-invasively. The scope of the [16]
application of the adopted procedure will be further increased
when feature of shape is also included, as well as when some [17]
more pattern identifying techniques are tried.
[18]
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