2.24. Factor Affecting Financial Sustainability (xem mục lục số 43) - EDESUS-Springer Proceeding (Book abstract)

The 1st International Conference on Economics, Development and
Sustainability (EDESUS 2019)

“Global Changes and Sustainable Development in Asian Emerging Market
Economies”
Organized by
VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
i|EDESUS
BOOK ABSTRACT
Proceeding of the 1st International Conference on

Economics, Development and Sustainability
(EDESUS Proceeding 2019)
“Global Changes and Sustainable Development in Asian
Emerging Market Economies”
ii | E D E S U S
Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................. 1
SECTION 1. Economics and Business ................................................................................................................ 2
1. Bui Dai Dung, Nguyen An Thinh, Nguyen Thi Vinh Ha, Nguyen Thi Hoa Hanh. Valuing
Heritage as A Public Good: An Application of Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM) in Hoi An,
Vietnam ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
2. Thi Huong Dang, Thi-Ngoc Bich Chu. The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on
Organizational Commitment - The Case of Viettel Group ........................................................................ 3
3. Dao Thi Bich Thuy. Impacts of Economic Freedom on Economic Growth in Developing Countries
........................................................................................................................................................................... 4
4. Cuong Tat Do, Anh Ngoc Thi Ngo, Dinh Van Nguyen. The Effect of Government Size on
Economic Growth and Technical Change.................................................................................................... 4
5. Do Thi Thao, Phan Minh Trung, Le Thi Minh Huong. Assessing Effects of FDI on Economic
Growth via Impact on Domestic Firms in Vietnam.................................................................................... 5
6. Hong Van Dao, Van Quang Do, Thi Minh Ngoc Vu, The Kien Nguyen. Analysis the Factors
Affecting Satisfaction of the Quality of Seafood Logistics in Vietnam .................................................... 5
7. Hoang Van Thang. Fight against Counterfeit Goods Related to IP Infringement: Criminal
Perspective and Judiciary Role in Vietnam ................................................................................................. 5
8. Lan Anh Le. Vietnam and “Non-market economy” in the U.S Anti-dumping Law ............................. 6
9. Le Nhi Bao Ngoc, Le Quang Thong, Thai Anh Hoa. An Analysis of Supply Response of Black
Tiger Shrimp Production Using Nerlove Model: A Case Study of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta .... 6
10. Ngoc Liem Le, Maggi W.H. Leung, Annelies E.B. Zoomers. Highly-Skilled Migration, Recognition
and Motivation towards Knowledge Share with the Indigenous Co-Workers: Empirical Findings
from the Vietnamese in the Laos Construction Sector ............................................................................... 7
11. Le Thanh Tung. Is Public Debt Good or Bad for Economic Growth? Fresh Evidence in Emerging
Economies ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
12. Le Trung Thanh, Vu Thi Phuong Thao. Factors Affecting Depositors’ Behavior at commercial
Banks in Northern Vietnam ........................................................................................................................... 8
13. Le Trung Thanh, Khuong Nguyen, Anh Phan, Quang Vu, Lien Vu. Determining the Impact of
Financial Development on the Environment based on Biquadratic Equation in ASEAN Countries .. 8
14. Le Van Phuc, Do Song Huong, Nguyen Hoang Ngoc Linh. A Study on the Factors Affecting
Intention Using Online Banking Services in Vietnam ................................................................................ 9
15. Li Zhang, Kien Nguyen The, Youjian Qi, Lizhen Wei，Khac Lich Hoang, Manh Hung Le. The
Research on Interpolation Methods and Fitting Models for the Lorenz Curve...................................... 9
16. Linh Vu Phuong Dao. Analyze the Differences in the Impact of FDI and Exports on Labor
Productivity of Enterprises: the case of Vietnam ...................................................................................... 10
17. Thi-Trang-Nhung Nguyen, Thi-Minh-Ngoc Luu, Viet-Dung Pham. How Ethical Leadership
Supports Voice Behavior: Evidence from Vietnamese Service Firms .................................................... 10
18. Nghiem Thi Lich, Dinh Thi Ha, Nguyen Thi Lien. A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Career Orientation
for Students: A Case Study in Human Resource Management .............................................................. 11
i|EDESUS
19. Ngo Chi Thanh. Downstream Market Equilibrium and Optimal Policy for the Conventional Food
Distribution System in Vietnam: An Industrial Organization Analysis ................................................ 11
20. Anh Ngo, Cuong Do, Mai Anh. Compensation Policies and Employee Perceptions of Pay Equity
in a Transitional Economy: The Case of Vietnamese State-Owned Enterprises................................... 12
21. Nguyen An Thinh. Sustainable Agriculture for Hanoi City: An Application of Thünen’s
Agricultural Rings based on the Gravity Model ....................................................................................... 12
22. Minh Nguyen Dang, Toan Nguyen Dang. Building a New Management Model for Vietnamese
Higher Education Institutions based on the Made in Vietnam Lean Management ............................. 13
23. Minh Nguyen Dang. TAM THE - Key Factor in the Made in Vietnam Lean Decision Making
Method ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
24. Duong Nguyen Huu Thi Thuy. Empirical Research on the Influence Factors of Ecommerce
Adoption among Ecommerce Companies in Vietnam............................................................................. 14
25. Thi-Minh Ngoc Luu, Phuong Mai Nguyen, Phu Quy Dao. Antecedents of Social Media Adoption:
A Case Study of Individual Online Retailers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City .................................... 14
26. Nguyen Thi Dong, Nguyen Thanh Trong, Dinh Thi My Hanh. Contribution of Industry to Labor
Productivity Growth in Vietnam ................................................................................................................ 15
27. Nguyen Thi Van Trang, Nghiem Thi Lich, Do Thi Mai. Improving the Competitiveness for
Enterprises in Brand Recognition Based on Machine Learning Approach ........................................... 15
28. Tam Nguyen To, Tuan Le Anh. Effect of Organizational and Cultural Factors in Potential
Adoption of Activity-Based Costing - The Case in Vietnam ................................................................... 16
29. Nguyen Thi Vu Ha. The Role of Official Development Assistance on the Development of
Economic Infrastructure in Vietnam .......................................................................................................... 16
30. Pham Hong Liem, Nguyen Xuan Lan. Relationship between Organizational and Employee Work
Innovation: Mediation Role of Brand Support Behavior and Psychological Capital (Hotels in Khanh
Hoa Province, Vietnam) ............................................................................................................................... 17
31. Pham Quang Huy, Vu Kien Phuc. Improving the Managerial Performance in the Context of
Financial Autonomy: An empirical investigation in public education sector ...................................... 17
32. Dzung Tien Pham, Binh Dinh Le. The Strategy of Vietnamese Business Associations in Knowledge
Sharing for the Sustainable Development of Vietnam Businesses Community .................................... 18
33. Nguyen Quyet. Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Merger and Acquisition (M&A) Activity in
Vietnam .......................................................................................................................................................... 18
34. Phuong T.M. Tong, Nghia Van Tang. A Comparative Analysis of Market Definition in Antitrust
Law and WTO Law: Some Suggestions for Vietnam ............................................................................... 19
35. Phuong Truong, Huong Doan, Long Tran. Website Marketing Activities in Healthcare Service
Sector - A Case in Danang, Vietnam........................................................................................................... 19
36. Dat Nho Tran, Linh Duy Thi Nguyen, Nguyen An Thinh. Valuing tourism landscapes in Ba Vi
National Park (Vietnam) .............................................................................................................................. 20
37. Thao An Tran, Yen Vinh Thi Tran. An Empirical Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Switching
Intention from Cash Payment to Mobile Payment in Vietnam ............................................................... 20
38. Tu T.T. Tran, Yen T. Nguyen, Dick Beason. Determinants of Risk-Taking of Vietnamese Banks
after Global Financial Crisis ......................................................................................................................... 21
39. Huong Thanh Vu, Dai Duc Tang. Trade facilitation and its impacts on Vietnam’s trade ................ 21
SECTION 2. Development and Sustainability ............................................................................................... 22
ii | E D E S U S
40. Bui Thi Lam, Tran Huu Cuong, Ho Thi Minh Hop, Nguyen The Kien, Philippe Lebailly. Value
Chain Financing Approach: A Good Way to Sustainable Agricultural Growth in Vietnam ............. 23
41. Dang Thi Hoa, Bui Thi Huong Tram, Nguyen Danh Loi. Improving the Position of Ethnic
Minority Women through the Policy of Credit Support for Poor Households: A Case Study of
Northern Mountains of Vietnam................................................................................................................. 23
42. Mui Thuy Do. Analyzing Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in the Northwest Mountains of
Vietnam .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
43. Van Duong Ha. Factor Affecting Financial Sustainability of People’s Credit Fund in Vietnam’s
Mekong Delta Region ................................................................................................................................... 24
44. Pham Anh Tuan, Duong Thi Loi. The Sustainable Development of Green Space in the Tourism
Zone of Moc Chau Mountains (Son La, Vietnam) .................................................................................... 25
45. Ho Thi Thanh Nhan. Wooden Funeral Sculptures of the Jrai and Bahnar in the Vietnam Central
Highlands: Conservation or Destruction? ................................................................................................. 25
46. Le Lan Chi. Traditional Concepts on "Sustainability" in Vietnamese Culture and the Impacts on
Forming Modern Values of Sustainable Development ............................................................................ 26
47. Hung Ngoc Le, Phuong Thi Bui. Educational Renovation in a Restructuring Society: Vietnam’s
Case Study ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
48. Hoa Thu Le, Khanh Nguyen Ngoc, Nhung Nguyen Thu. Tourism Climate Indicators (TCI)
Applied in Moc Chau District (Son La, Vietnam) ..................................................................................... 27
49. Nguyen An Thinh. Carbon Footprint of Vietnam’s Small Urban Areas (A Case Study of Ha Dong
District, Hanoi) .............................................................................................................................................. 27
50. Nguyen An Thinh, Nguyen Phung Quan. Agriculture Land Conversion and Its Implications for
Food Requirements and Farming in Vietnamese Northern Mountains ................................................ 28
51. Nguyen Dang Dao. Urban Exclusion: Theoretical Approaches and Emerging Trajectories for
Vietnam .......................................................................................................................................................... 28
52. Phuong Mai Nguyen, Nam D. Vo, Quang Long To, Van Toan Dinh. Towards Responsible
Tourism in Vietnam: Critical Review and Implications for Future Research ....................................... 29
53. Nguyen Cam Ngoc, Nguyen The Kien. Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Analyze
Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of the Students of Vietnam National University,
Hanoi............................................................................................................................................................... 29
54. Nguyen Hong Anh. Creating an Added-Value Capital of Forest Based on the Local Knowledge of
Tai in Tuong Duong (Nghe An, Vietnam) ................................................................................................. 30
55. Thuy Duong Nguyen. In Search of Solutions for the Governance of the Rights of Migrant Workers
in Southeast Asia: Regulatory Regionalism as a Reasonable Approach ............................................... 30
56. Nguyen Tien Thanh, Nguyen Dinh, Nguyen Hoang Son. Minimizing the Negative Effects of
Irrigation and Hydropower System on Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection in
the Huong River Basin.................................................................................................................................. 31
57. Cong Nhat Pham. Socio-Economic Development towards Sustainable Ecological Model in Vietnam
......................................................................................................................................................................... 31
58. Thuy Phan Thi, Thuy Bui Thi Thanh, Hop Ho Thi Minh, Niem Le Duc, Philippe Lebailly.
Perennial Cropping System Development and Economic Performance of Perennial Cropping
System in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam ....................................................................................................... 32
59. Phi Thi Hong Linh, Bui Thi Thanh Huyen. Sustainable Agriculture Development in Vietnam .... 32
iii | E D E S U S
60. Ta Quynh Hoa, Nguyen Quang Minh, Nguyen Cao Lanh, Nguyen Hai Ninh. Community
Participation in Urban Planning in Vietnam towards Sustainable Development - Prospects and
Challenges ...................................................................................................................................................... 33
61. Tong Thi Quynh Huong. Current Status and Impact of Imbalance of Sex Ratio at Birth in the Son
La Province, Vietnam.................................................................................................................................... 33
62. Tran Thi Minh Hoa, Nguyen Thi Huyen Van. The Impact of Tourism Development on the Life of
Residents in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam ........................................................................................... 34
63. Tham Trinh Chi, Nhuong Le Van, Kha Huynh Hoang, Hieu Le Van, Phuc Nguyen Thi Ngoc,
Tran Ngo Ngoc. Obstacles in the Sustainable Development of Industry in Ethnic Minorities’ Areas
of Vietnamese Mekong Delta (Kien Giang and Can Tho) ....................................................................... 34
64. Thuy Hang Truong, Kim Anh Duong. Fostering Sustainable Development by Eliminating Gender
Stereotypes in Career Choice ....................................................................................................................... 35
65. Vo Thanh Son. Integrating Sustainable Development into National Policy: The Practice of Vietnam
......................................................................................................................................................................... 35
66. Trong Nguyen Thanh, Ly Pham Thi. Building Human Capital for Sustainable Development:
Experience from Some East Asia Countries and Policy Implications for Vietnam .............................. 36
SECTION 3. Resources and Global Changes .................................................................................................. 37
67. Bui Thi Thanh Huong, Nguyen Van Hong, Nguyen An Thinh, Nguyen Hieu. Mapping Marine
Functional Zoning for the Northern Tonkin Coastal Zone, Vietnam .................................................... 38
68. Bui Xuan Thong, Nguyen Van Dan, Nguyen Ngoc Ha, Van Phu Hung. Rainfall Regime and Its
Impact on Water Resources on Ly Son Island, Central Vietnam ............................................................ 38
69. Dao Thi Thu Trang. Factors Affecting Community Forest Management in Ha Giang Province,
Vietnam .......................................................................................................................................................... 39
70. Do Thi Viet Huong, Bui Thi Thu, Nguyen Bac Giang, Nguyen Hoang Khanh Linh. Impacts of
Urban Expansion on Landscape Pattern Changes: A Case Study of Da Nang City, Vietnam ........... 39
71. Do Xuan Duc, Luu Duc Hai, Do Huu Tuan. An Assessment of Pollution Load Capacity of Son La
Hydropower Reservoir in the Northwest Mountains of Vietnam ......................................................... 40
72. Doan Quang Tri, Pham Thanh Long, Vuong Xuan Hoa, Ngo Thanh Tam. An Approach for
Prioritising Climate Change Mitigation Measures: A Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City .................... 40
73. Duong Thi Ai Nhi, Truong Van Thao. Developing Agricultural Production of Ethnic Minority
Households in the Context of Climate Change (Lak District, Dak Lak Province, Central Highland of
Vietnam) ......................................................................................................................................................... 41
74. Duong Thi Loi, Pham Anh Tuan, Nguyen Van Manh. Detecting Flash Flood Susceptible Areas
Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model: A Case Study of Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam .. 41
75. Huong Thi Hoang, Nam Phuong Pham. Implementing Agricultural Land Use Solutions to Adapt
Climate Change in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta ................................................................................... 42
76. Van Hiep Hoang, Van Tich Vu, Trong Thang Tran, Xuan Anh Pham, Thanh Tung Phan.
Geothermal Renewable Energy in Vietnam: A Current Status Overview and Proposing Solutions
for Development ............................................................................................................................................ 42
77. Kazuya Takahashi, Tran Thi Tuyen, Nguyen Trong Linh, Sam Van Tu. Study on stand structure
of secondary mangrove forest; Sonneratia caseolaris - Aegicerus corniculatum stand for introducing
silvofishery systems to shrimp-culture ponds .......................................................................................... 43
78. Khoi Le Nguyen Doan. Quality Assurance System in the Fish Supply Chain: The Case of
Pangasius Industry in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam ....................................................................... 43
iv | E D E S U S
79. Ha Thi Thanh Tuyen, Luu Ba Hoa. Evaluation the effectiveness of sheath blight disease
controlling on rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani in green house condition by applying some
biofungicides .................................................................................................................................................. 44
80. Ngo Anh Tu, Grivel Stéphane, Nguyen Huu Xuan, Phan Van Tho. Consideration on the Use
Sentinel-1 Radar Image and GIS for Flood Mapping in the Lai Giang River Basin of Binh Dinh
Province (Central Coast Vietnam) .............................................................................................................. 44
81. Nguyen An Thinh. Studying Shoreline Change in Ky Anh Coastal Area of Ha Tinh Province
during 1989-2013 based on the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS).......................................... 44
82. Nguyen An Thinh. How Do Yao Farmers Cope with Extreme Weather Events with Their
Indigenous Knowledge? A Case Study of Mo Vang Mountains (Yen Bai, Vietnam) .......................... 45
83. Nguyen Dinh Tien. Multilevel Governance Roles in Land Use Change: Lessons for REDD+ from
the Case Study in Nghe An Province, Vietnam ........................................................................................ 45
84. Nguyen Dinh Tien, Tran Nhat Lam Duyen, Nguyen An Thinh, Nguyen Truc Le. Technical
Efficiency of Irrigation Water Use of Robusta Coffee Production in the Dong Nai river basin
(Vietnam): A case study of Lam Dong province ....................................................................................... 46
85. Son Hoang Nguyen, Cham Dinh Dao, Hang Anh Phan, Quan Trong Nguyen, Toai Anh Le.
Climate Change Vulnerability of Agriculture in Coastal Communes of Quang Tri Province,
Vietnam .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
86. Chan Van Mai, Son Hoang Nguyen, Cham Dinh Dao, Tin Van Le, Hang Anh Phan. A GIS
Application in Optimizing the Collection and Transportation Route of Domestic Solid Waste in
Hue City, Vietnam ........................................................................................................................................ 47
87. Nguyen Mai Dang, Duong Tran Anh, Thanh Duc Dang. Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the
Context of Climate Change: Develop a Water Security Index for Water Resources Management in
Vietnam .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
88. Ha Nguyen Manh, Tuan Nguyen Thanh, Ngoc Hoang Thi Huyen, Dung Bui Quang, Huong Vu
Thi Thu. Comparison of Land Suitability Evaluation Methods for Development Plan of Orange
and Tea Trees in Western Nghe An, Vietnam ........................................................................................... 48
89. Quoc Huy Nguyen, Tien Yin Chou, Mei Ling Yeh, Thanh Van Hoang, Xuan Linh Nguyen,
Huyen Ai Tong, Quang Thanh Bui. An Integrated Approach for Saltwater Intrusion Monitoring
based on Remote Sensing combined with Multivariable Analysis: A Case Study of Coastal Zone in
Southern Vietnam ......................................................................................................................................... 49
90. Nguyen Thi Phuong, Nguyen An Thinh. Diversity of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the
Hoang Lien - Van Ban Nature Reserve (Lao Cai, Vietnam): Implications for Local Livelihood
Improvement and Biodiversity Conservation ........................................................................................... 49
91. Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong, Luong The Phuong. Quantify Forest Stand Volume Using SPOT 5
Satellite Image ................................................................................................................................................ 50
92. Nguyen Thi Vinh Ha. Evaluating Impact of Climate Change to Fishing Productivity of Vietnam:
An Application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Regression Model .................................. 51
93. Nguyen Truc Le, Nguyen An Thinh, Nguyen Thi Vinh Ha, Nguyen Dinh Tien, Nguyen Duc
Lam, Nguyen Van Hong, Nguyen Tat Tuan, Luc Hens. Assessing Water Resource Use Efficiency
based on the Extended Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis (Dong Nai River Basin, Vietnam) . 51
94. Nhat Long Duong, Hoang Thanh Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen. An Experimental Study on
Using Biogas Slurry to Improve the Water Quality of Aqua-Culture Systems in Acid Sulfate Soil
Areas ............................................................................................................................................................... 52
v|EDESUS
95. Quy Nhan Pham, Thi Thoang Ta, Thanh Le Tran, Thi Thu Pham, The Chuyen Nguyen.
Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion Vulnerability in the Coastal Aquifers in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam 52
96. Pham Thanh Huy. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Urban Planning of Vietnamese
Coastal Towns toward Sustainable Development .................................................................................... 53
97. Pham Thanh Long, Tran Tuan Hoang, Nguyen Phuong Dong. Mike Flood Application for
Solving Inundation Issues for Ho Chi Minh City in The Context of Climate Change: A Case Study
in the District 1............................................................................................................................................... 53
98. Hang Thi Pham, Doi Trong Nguyen, Hien Dieu Thi Bui, Thuy Le Thi Phan, Anh Vu Pham.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Land Dispute Mediation for Ethnic Minorities in Van Canh district
(Binh Dinh, Vietnam) .................................................................................................................................... 54
99. Ha T.T. Pham. A Stakeholder Delphi Study on Local Communities Adaptation to Climate Change
in the Coastal Area: Case Study in An Duong District (Hai Phong, Vietnam) ..................................... 54
100. Tran Thi Tuyen, Hoang Thi Thuy. Assessing Flash Flood Risks based on Analytic Hierarchy
Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS): A Case Study of Hieu Catchment (Nghe
An, Vietnam) .................................................................................................................................................. 55
101. Cuong Tran Thien, Huan Nguyen Quoc, An Thinh Nguyen, Minh Tran. Analysis and Prediction
of Noise Pollution from Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Loi Hai Wind Power Plant (Ninh Thuan,
Vietnam) ......................................................................................................................................................... 55
102. Hang Anh Phan, Thang Van Le, Tuan Anh Tran, Son Hoang Nguyen. An Environmental Zoning
for Sustainable Development in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam ................................................... 56
103. Tuy Bao Van, Tho Tran Quang, Kien Nguyen The. Climate Change Vulnerability of Urban
Development in the Phanrang-Thapcham (Ninh Thuan, Vietnam) ...................................................... 56
vi | E D E S U S
Foreword
The VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,
Vietnam organizes yearly international conferences on Economics, Development and
Sustainability (EDESUS Conference). The theme of the EDESUS Conference 2019 deals with
global changes and sustainable development in Vietnam and other emerging economies
Asian-wide. This covers also wider topics such as economics and business, development and
sustainability, resources and global changes.
The proceeding is structured in three sections. The Section 1 deals with issues related to
economics and business: Economic theories, advancing economics and innovations;
Macroeconomic policies; International business and economics; Trade liberalization and
economic growth; National and international income distribution; Sectors of economy;
Business administration; Finance and banking; Household behavior, family economics and
industrial economics; Productivity developments; Economic integration and knowledge
economy; and Innovation and technological entrepreneurship. Section 2 addresses
development and sustainability: Development policy, theory and analysis; Policies and laws
relating to sustainability; Sustainable growth and green growth; Challenges relating to
sustainability; Socio-economic, scientific and integrated approaches to sustainable
development; Quantifying sustainability; Sustainability tools; Applications of sustainability;
Sustainability education; and Sustainable tourism. Section 3 addresses resource and global
change issues: Natural resources; Human resources; Culture and heritages; Land and property
market; Social changes; Globalization; Urbanization; Pollutions and environmental conflicts;
Natural hazards and climate change; Non-traditional security issues; Area studies; and
Remote sensing, GIS and spatial planning.
Fulltext papers of EDESUS Proceedings 2019 is published by Springer. It collects original
conference papers on general considerations about global changes and sustainable
development both in Vietnam and in other developing countries in Asia. The proceedings
provide an opportunity for readers to engage with a selection of refereed papers that were
presented during the EDESUS Conference 2019.
Editors-in-chief
1|EDESUS
SECTION 1. Economics and Business
2|EDESUS
Valuing Heritage as A Public Good: An Application of
Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM) in Hoi An, Vietnam
Bui Dai Dung(1)*, Nguyen An Thinh(1), Nguyen Thi Vinh Ha(1), Nguyen Thi Hoa Hanh(1)
VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(1)
* Correspondence: buidaidung@gmail.com
Abstract: In order to value an object that has no market price (such as heritage), non-market price
methods will be used as a main solution, in which the demand curve of the valuated object shall be built
based on reliable data, and the total economic value of such object is measured by the area beneath the
demand curve, which is called as the consumer surplus (CS). Literature review shows that almost all of
valuation researches for heritages have built demand curves as those of private goods. We argue that
heritages are high purity public goods. A heritage valuation research would yield more accurate results
if the demand curve could be built as that of a public good. This paper presents arguments of the
superiority of the public good demand curve over that of private good in the scope of heritage
valuation, and initially applies for Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM) in valuing Hoi An, a World
Heritage in Central of Vietnam, to look for evidences of such superiority. Evidences show that: (i) The
relationship between visits and travel costs could be represented with more accuracy by the public
good’s demand curve rather than the private good’s one; (ii) To build the demand curve for a World
Heritage (tourists are inhomogeneous), it requires additional techniques to minimize potential
distortions, in which the purchasing power parity ratio (PPP ratio) has been used to adjust inconsistence
of actual traveling costs; (iii) The values of Hoi An has been valued at US $ 3,581,607,970 based on
public good’s demand curve, shows 73.85% higher than the value computed based on private goods’
demand curve.
Keywords: Heritage valuation; public goods; demand curves; Travel Cost Method (TCM); Zonal Travel
Cost Method (ZTCM).
The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on

Organizational Commitment - The Case of Viettel Group
Thi Huong Dang(1)*, Thi-Ngoc Bich Chu(1)
(1) VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: huongdth@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: This paper explores the effects of human resource management practices on the employee
commitment in Viettel Group. The framework is proposed based on inheriting and adjusting from
previous empirical studies. Data were collected from 270 employees in Viettel Group through a
questionnaire survey from February to April 2019 and processed by SPSS. The result shows that
Training, Performance Appraisal, Compensation; Career Planning, and Employee Participant have
positive effects on employees' commitment at Viettel Group. Based on these results, the article proposes
some suggestions to enhance the commitment and attachment of Viettel Group's employees to the
organization.
Keywords: Human Resource Management Practices, Organizational Commitment.
3|EDESUS
Impacts of Economic Freedom on Economic Growth in
Developing Countries
Dao Thi Bich Thuy(1)*
(1)VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
(*) Correspondence: thuydaokt@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of economic freedom on economic
growth. The study is conducted with 65 developing countries worldwide in the period from 1995 to
2014. The Index of Economic Freedom published by the Heritage Foundation is employed at both
overall level and dimensional level comprises of nine sub-indices. The finding reveals that economic
freedom is a growth stimulus factor as a higher degree of economic freedom results in a faster economic
growth. At the dimensional level, seven out of nine economic freedom sub-indices show statistically
effects on economic growth, of which 5 have positive and 2 have negative growth effects. Business
freedom, government integrity, trade freedom, tax burden and government spending are among the
positive growth effect factors. Investment freedom and property rights show negative effects on
economic growth while monetary freedom and financial freedom have statistically insignificant effects.
This finding suggests developing countries would experience higher economic growth when there is
improvement in business freedom, higher government integrity and trade freedom, less tax burden and
lower size of government spending, less freedom in investment outflows and weak property rights.
Keywords: Economic growth; economic freedom index; developing countries
The Effect of Government Size on Economic Growth and

Technical Change
Cuong Tat Do(1)*, Anh Ngoc Thi Ngo(1), Dinh Van Nguyen(2)
(1)
Institute of Economics, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, HCM city, Vietnam
(2)
VNU International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: cuongdt@hcma.vn
Abstract: This paper examines the effects of government size on economic growth and technological
change at country level using Penn World Table version 9.0 with a focus on Asian nations. Government
size is measured by the share of government expenditure to gross domestic product and technological
change is measured by total factor productivity at national level. Using endogenous growth theory as
major theoretical framework and employing country mixed-effect regression models, we find that the
effects government size on economic growth and technological change are complex and nonlinear.
Indeed, the causal relationship between government size and the both economic growth and
technological change shows a multiple equilibrium function. As a consequence, variation of
government size yields an unpredicted variation of economic growth and technological change. It
implies that once policy makers decide a change in the size of government, they should aware that the
effects of the change on economic growth and technological change might not as their expectations.
Keywords: Government size; economic growth; technological change; Asian nations.
4|EDESUS
Assessing Effects of FDI on Economic Growth via Impact
on Domestic Firms in Vietnam
Do Thi Thao(1)*, Phan Minh Trung(1), (2), Le Thi Minh Huong(2)
School of Hospitality & Tourism, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
(1)
School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.

(2)
* Correspondence: dothao19091987@gmail.com
Abstracts: In this paper, we will describe the selection of variables, model and determinants of
economic performance in Vietnam. The presence of FDI has created competitive pressures on domestic
enterprises. This study uses panel data for Vietnamese enterprises in the industry from 2000 to 2018,
which quantifies the impact of FDI on the industry leaving domestic enterprises. The results show that
in addition to factors such as, import and export status, industry concentration, income, age of
enterprise, number labor in enterprise, the emergence of FDI in the same industry increases the ability
of domestic firms’ exit.
Keywords: FDI; economic growth; domestic firm; impact; Vietnam
Analysis the Factors Affecting Satisfaction of the Quality

of Seafood Logistics in Vietnam
Hong Van Dao(1),(2), Van Quang Do(3),*, Thi Minh Ngoc Vu(2), The Kien Nguyen(4)
(1) Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2) Foreign Trade University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(3) Thuyloi University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: quang61qs@gmail.com
Abstract: The paper analyzes the factors affecting customer satisfaction with the quality when using
Vietnam's seafood logistics service through SEM model. From the result of this model, the authors
found five groups of factors affecting satisfaction with seafood quality, including human resources in
logistics, technology, delivery and product packaging, shipping capacity, and reputation of enterprises.
All of these factors have a positive impact on this service. The meaning of this study is to give the useful
references in planning policies for seafood logistics in Vietnam.
Keywords: Structural Equation Modelling (SEM); seafood; logistics; quality of service.
Fight against Counterfeit Goods Related to IP

Infringement: Criminal Perspective and Judiciary Role in
Vietnam
Hoang Van Thang(1)*
(1)
LL.M, Prosecutor, Supreme People’s Procuracy of Vietnam
* Correspondence: hoangvanthangks@outlook.com
Abstracts: This article provides a legal analysis of the trademark counterfeiting enforcement framework
in the criminal perspective in Vietnam. By scrutinizing the statutes to prosecute and convict trademark
5|EDESUS
counterfeiters and relying on criminal cases, the author found that: (1) There remains a confusion of
actus reus of the offense of infringing upon industrial rights to trademark; (2) The crime of trademark
counterfeiting overlaps with the crime of manufacturing and/or trading counterfeit goods while the case
law brings a useful illustration of this issue; (3) There has not been necessary judicial guidance on
commercial scale, damages and values of infringing goods as vital requirements of the crime of
trademark counterfeiting; despite that, the cases provide useful interpretation of these standards. Based
on the findings, to strengthen the criminal regime in the fight against counterfeit goods related to IP
infringement, the author would give several innovative recommendations on legislation and policy,
which could help Vietnam achieve sustainable social-economic development in the long run.
Keywords: Counterfeiting; IP infringement; crime; criminal code; sustainable social-economic
development.
Vietnam and “Non-market economy” in the U.S Anti-

dumping Law
Lan Anh Le(1)*
(1)
VASS Institute of American Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: lelananh84.vias@gmail.com
Abstract: "Non-market economy" is a concept given in GATT 1947. In the United States, the Anti-
dumping law (AD) also has been applied to those imported goods that come from non-market or
“transitional” economies. As a member of the WTO is considered to be a non-market economy, Vietnam
has met many difficulties in exporting goods to the US market by this legal barrier in the US Anti-
dumping law. The paper examines the evolution of non-market economy regulation in the US anti-
dumping legislation, assess the impact of this regulation on Vietnamese exports. The study results
indicate that the prospect of Vietnam is recognized a market economy by the U.S.
Keywords: Non-market economy; U.S. anti-dumping; Vietnam; regulations; policies.
An Analysis of Supply Response of Black Tiger Shrimp

Production Using Nerlove Model: A Case Study of the
Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Le Nhi Bao Ngoc1*, Le Quang Thong2, Thai Anh Hoa3
(1) Ca Mau community college, Ca Mau, Vietnam
(2) Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
(3) Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh, Vietnam
* Correspondence: baongoccamau80@gmail.com
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of black tiger shrimp price and other factors on shrimp
area in Mekong Delta using supply response function which based on the Nerlovian partial adjustment
model. Using quarterly panel data collected from four provinces (Ca Mau, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, and
Kien Giang) for the period of 2014 to 2017, the estimates in the supply response are obtained from Fixed
Effects (FE) method. Results indicate that adaptive expectation hypothesis to simple Cobweb model is
likely to best fit the data. The estimates of the supply response model show that information used for
expected price formation quickly responded in making a decision of black tiger shrimp production. In
6|EDESUS
both short run and long run, the expected price has a significant effect in directing black tiger shrimp
farmers to formulate the supply response decision. The acreage response elasticity is more elastic.
Keywords: Black tiger shrimp; Nerlove model; supply response; price elasticity; Mekong Delta.
Highly-Skilled Migration, Recognition and Motivation

towards Knowledge Share with the Indigenous Co-
Workers: Empirical Findings from the Vietnamese in the
Laos Construction Sector
Ngoc Liem Le(1)*, Maggi W.H. Leung(1), Annelies E.B. Zoomers(1)
Utrecht University, the Netherlands
(1)
(2)
University of Economics, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
* Correspondence: n.l.le@hce.edu.vn
Abstract: There has witnessed a large number of Vietnamese nationals working in Laos, in particular
the highly-skilled so far. Under assumption that there has been an immense production of knowledge
as well as considerable impacts created by this cohort and the local workers. Notwithstanding, very
little known about how these subjects recognise the importance of, and motivation towards knowledge
share as well. This paper is part of a research project on migration flow from Vietnam towards Laos in
the host construction sector that its objective was two twofold. First, based on in-depth interviews with
25 nationals of both the states, it examined the recognition of and motivation towards knowledge
exchange amongst the Viet elites and their local work-partners. The data was processed and analysed
using QSR Nvivo 12. The findings from this study revealed that most of the workers did recognise the
importance of, and express lots of their motivation to knowledge externalisation. Of which, sharing
knowledge to work correctly and better; to develop profession and social network; and to attain
collective goals were most motivated. Second, based on the findings, some concluding remarks and
further research implications were exhibited.
Keywords: Highly-skilled migration; recognition; motivation; knowledge share; Vietnam; Laos.
Is Public Debt Good or Bad for Economic Growth? Fresh

Evidence in Emerging Economies
Le Thanh Tung(1)*
(1)
Ho Chi Minh City Open University, HCM City, Vietnam
* Correspondence: tung.lt@ou.edu.vn
Abstract: This paper empirically investigates the impact of public debt on economic growth in the case
of twelve emerging economies in 1980-2015. Our study maybe is the first one which focuses only on
emerging countries. Unlike many previous studies, our result clearly shows that public debt has a
positive impact on economic growth. This evidence also presents an important role of public debt which
should be robustly motivated in the coming period. Besides, our result finds both domestic investment
and remittances have positive impacts on economic growth in the studying time. However, inflation is
pointed out that this variable can harm economic growth. The trade openness has a negative effect on
economic growth because many countries have deficits in their trade balance in the study period.
7|EDESUS
Finally, our research result is useful information for policy makers to promote economic growth in
emerging countries in the near future.
Keywords: Public debt; economic growth; emerging economy.
Factors Affecting Depositors’ Behavior at commercial

Banks in Northern Vietnam
Le Trung Thanh(1)*, Vu Thi Phuong Thao(2)
(1)
(2)
Thuyloi University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: ltthanh@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: This study evaluates the impact of factors affecting depositors' behavior at commercial banks
in Northern Vietnam. The research uses data by surveying questionnaires collected from 1000
depositors at branches of Vietnamese commercial banks in the North of Vietnam to find out factors
affecting people's saving habits as well as their behaviors when they received information about the
financial crisis. The results show that age, sex, education, and marital status influence the behavior of
depositors. And after receiving unfavorable information about the financial market, the more the money
sender trust the official sources of information, the less they tend to withdraw their money.
Keywords: Behavior; depositors; commercial banks; financial crisis.
Determining the Impact of Financial Development on the

Environment based on Biquadratic Equation in ASEAN
Countries
Le Trung Thanh(1)*, Khuong Nguyen(2), Anh Phan(3), Quang Vu(4), Lien Vu(5)
(2) Thaibinh Department of Finance, Thai Binh, Vietnam
(3) Banking Academy, Hanoi, Vietnam
(4) Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Hanoi, Vietnam
(5) State Audit Office of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
*Correspondence: ltthanh@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: This study explores the impact of financial development in reducing degradation during the
process of economic development and international trade in ASEAN countries. A new approach based
on biquadratic equation was implemented in period of 24 years from 1990 to 2014, using Panel- ARDL
method to examine the factors. Outcomes of the research indicate a positive contribution of financial
development in long-term in countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand and Vietnam. Financial development helps to reduce negative impact on increasing emission
from factors such as: fuel and renewable energy consumption, foreign direct investment, economic
growth and trade openness. This implies that enhancing credit to private sector helps to allocate
resources effectively and reduce negative impact to the environment.
Keywords: Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis; Pollution Haven Hypothesis; financial
development; CO2 emission; biquadratic equation.
8|EDESUS
A Study on the Factors Affecting Intention Using Online
Banking Services in Vietnam
Le Van Phuc(1)*, Do Song Huong(2), Nguyen Hoang Ngoc Linh(3)
(1) VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2) Graduate School of International Studies, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
(3) University of Economics, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
* Correspondence: levanphuc.hce@gmail.com
Abstract: Online banking services have become a new type of banking service and been used widely.
However, there is limited knowledge about consumer behavior in Vietnam because it is a complicated
socio-technical phenomenon and involves many factors. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the main
factors affecting the intention to use online banking services in Vietnam. The proposed research model
bases on the extension of the TAM model with new factors including Perceived Risk, Brand Image, User
Innovativeness, and Government Support. Based on valid collection from 356 online banking users, the
data processed using SPSS including Descriptive Statistics, Cronbach's Alpha, Exploratory Factor
Analysis (EFA) and Regression Analysis. The results show that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of
Use, Brand Image, User Innovativeness, and Government Support have a positive impact on customers'
intention to use online banking services, while Perceived Risk has a negative influence. These results
can help online banking service providers implement their user development strategies, as well as
become references for related research in the future.
Keywords: Commercial banks; intention to use; online banking services; Vietnam; TAM
The Research on Interpolation Methods and Fitting

Models for the Lorenz Curve
Li Zhang(1),(2) , Kien Nguyen The(3)*, Youjian Qi[4], Lizhen Wei[5]，Khac Lich Hoang[3], Manh Hung Le(6)
(1) School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, China
(2) Business School, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
(4) Yangzhou High School of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China
(5) Jiangsu Province Changshu Vocational Educational Center School, Suzhou, China
(6) Ministry of Education & Training, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: thekien.edu@gmail.com
Abstract: The Lorenz curve is very important to show the income distribution situations for a country.
Based on the work of other scholars, the paper at first discusses some exiting interpolation methods and
points out shortcomings among them. In order to overcome the existing of higher order derivatives for
Lagrange interpolation, this paper sets up one method and makes some analysis about the methods.
Then this paper puts forward a new family of Lorenz curve and discusses the corresponding property.
With some collected income dates of some regions in China, statistical indexes shows the better results
compared with other existing curves.
Keywords: Interpolation Method, Lorenz curve
9|EDESUS
Analyze the Differences in the Impact of FDI and Exports
on Labor Productivity of Enterprises: the case of Vietnam
Linh Vu Phuong Dao(1)*
Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
(1)
* Correspondence: daovuphuonglinh@qnu.edu.vn
Abstract: This paper highlights the difference in the impact of two possible international technology
channels: FDI and export to labor productivity of Vietnamese enterprises that have different sizes and
levels of capital intensity. The study uses panel data about small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and
large enterprises in Vietnam are summarized from the Vietnam Enterprise survey (VES) period 2015 -
2016. The paper found that FDI has a positive impact on the firm's labor productivity but exports do not
change firm labor productivity, for labor-intensive industries. For capital-intensive industries, FDI does
not change the labor productivity of those enterprises but the export of products to foreign markets has
a positive meaning for the labor productivity of enterprises in the industry. Firm size does not have an
impact on labor productivity in general but for FDI enterprises of the labor-intensive sector, the larger
enterprises size the better labor productivity while the export enterprises capital intensive should
narrow the scale to better labor productivity.
Keywords: FDI; exports; size; labor productivity.
How Ethical Leadership Supports Voice Behavior:

Evidence from Vietnamese Service Firms
Thi-Trang-Nhung Nguyen(1), Thi-Minh-Ngoc Luu(2)*, Viet-Dung Pham(1)
(1)
Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2)
* Correspondence: ltmngoc@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: The research of ethical leadership has emerged as an important topic in relation to
understanding the effects of leadership within an organization. We propose that leader-member
exchange as a mechanism reflecting how ethical leadership affects the voice behavior of employees. We
develop a mediation model of the psychological processes linking perceptions of ethical leadership and
employee voice. This study examined the relationship between ethical leadership, leader-member
exchange and the two components of voice behavior, defined as promotive voice and prohibitive voice,
using a sample of 1238 supervisor-subordinate dyads from Vietnamese service firms. Results showed
that ethical leadership related positively to promotive voice and prohibitive voice. In addition, leader-
member exchange mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and promotive voice as well as
prohibitive voice. Limitations of the study, directions for future research, and implications of the
findings are discussed.
Keywords: Ethical Leadership; Promotive Voice; Prohibitive Voice; LMX.
10 | E D E S U S
A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Career Orientation for
Students: A Case Study in Human Resource Management
Nghiem Thi Lich(1)*, Dinh Thi Ha(1), Nguyen Thi Lien(1)
Thuongmai University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(1)
* Correspondence: lichnt72@tmu.edu.vn
Abstract: Currently, organizations and individual people recognize the capacity of the workforce
considered a primary factor to gain their competitiveness and their reputation in the domestic and
international markets. Identifying students’ career orientation is very important to customize Human
Resource Management based on these orientations. It should be concerned because it effects on
students, families, universities and the development of society. The wrong career direction results in
unfavorable life. Although few fuzzy logic approaches had achieved promising results in personnel
selection, this issue has still not solved completely and successfully yet by the existing methods. They
face a great deal of difficulties and challenges such as a subjective criteria selection, not based on
Human management model, in some cases, it could reduce the accurate result. We present orientated-
career issues, conduct a survey of students' ability to meet professional requirements for businesses
based on ASK model and a learning outcome standard. A novel approach is proposed to improve the
performance of career orientation and test data based on the information of students in a Human
Resource Management major at a university. Study results suggest that the oriented-career performance
has improved spectacularly compared to other methods.
Keywords: ASK; fuzzy logic; career orientation.
Downstream Market Equilibrium and Optimal Policy for

the Conventional Food Distribution System in Vietnam:
An Industrial Organization Analysis
Ngo Chi Thanh(1)*
(1) Hong Duc University, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
* Correspondence: ngochithanh@hdu.edu.vn
Abstract: The theory of imperfect competition has largely focused on the growing of market power and
the competition in agricultural market. Based on the context of Vietnam, this paper propose a industrial
organization model for developing countries in the particular case of oligopoly downstream market
power in the conventional food distribution system. The strategy of this paper is to borrow several
arguments from imperfect competition applied in agricultural economics. We assume that middlemen
have market power at downstream of the food system. A small scale farmer is characterized by
production function while the consumer behavior is defined by a discrete choice model; the inverse
demand function is introduced associated to Mussa-Rosen type. Based on such consideration, we study
the quantity flow from small farmers to consumers by mean of Cournot competition and address the
question of optimal the best choice of land reform policy by productivity shock at downstream market
equilibrium.
Keywords: Food system; Industrial organization; Downstream Market Power; Vietnam Economics.
11 | E D E S U S
Compensation Policies and Employee Perceptions of Pay
Equity in a Transitional Economy: The Case of Vietnamese
State-Owned Enterprises
Anh Ngo(1), Cuong Do(1), Mai Anh(2)
(1)
Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2)
VNU International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: ngocanhngo.npa@gmail.com
Abstract: This paper aims to investigate relationships between compensation reform policy and
perception of pay equity in Vietnamese SOEs during their reform process. The study employs a
quantitative approach, using a theoretical framework developed from two key theories, compensation
theory and equity theory, to examine key research questions: How do compensation components relate
to employee perceptions of pay equity in Vietnamese SOEs? The study contributes to the existing
theoretical understanding of relationships between compensation policies and perceptions of pay
equity, in particular in the context of Vietnamese SOEs. It also provides suggestions to develop
compensation policies and practices that improve employee perceptions of pay equity in SOEs during
the economic reform process.
Keywords: Vietnam; economic reform; state-owned enterprise; compensation policy; compensation
practices; perception of pay equity.
Sustainable Agriculture for Hanoi City: An Application of

Thünen’s Agricultural Rings based on the Gravity Model
Nguyen An Thinh(1)*
* Correspondence: anthinhhus@gmail.com
Abstract: Since Hanoi city expanded its administrative boundary in 2008, the peri-urban agriculture
significantly changed when it comes to production, product development and consumption. This
explicitly challenged to sustainable agriculture in this area. This paper deals with the Thünen’s
agricultural ring model, which expresses the standardized potential values of objects, phenomena and
supports opportunities in a multi-central network. It allows analyzing cost-demand of the agricultural
production. Using this model, maize products were shown to be only consumed at the factories,
whereas rice and vegetables were two different types of agricultural products. During 2000-2015, they
did not showed changes in the consumption pattern of the city and the area of origin. In contrast,
changing trends were found for livestock products as beef. Consumption between the regions of origin
and the city changed between 2000 and 2015. Pig products were consumed in a different way in the
production areas or compared to the city. Conversion was likely affected by the gravitational forces of
the consumption market in downtown Hanoi city. Study results are a basis to propose a future
sustainable development for agricultural planning in Hanoi.
Keywords: Thünen’s agricultural rings; gravity model; consumption type; Hanoi city; Vietnam
12 | E D E S U S
Building a New Management Model for Vietnamese
Higher Education Institutions based on the Made in
Vietnam Lean Management
Minh Nguyen Dang(1)*, Toan Nguyen Dang(1)
(1)
* Correspondence: dangminhck@gmail.com
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to propose a new management model base on The Made in
Vietnam lean management thinking in order to help Vietnamese Higher education institutions
restructure themselves efficiency to deal with difficulties of satisfying labor market’s demand. The
study employed a qualitative approach. The primary data were collected by observations and in-depth
interviews. The participants involved in this study were administrators, professors, lectures, staffs and
student from 20 higher education institutions; educational researchers and enterprise’s top managers in
Vietnam. Based on Made in Vietnam lean management thinking, this study identified not only tangible
wastes but also intangible wastes existing in Higher education institution in Vietnam. The Made in
Vietnam lean higher education management model was proposed. The model is assist-up model,
focusing on utilizing employees' intellectual abilities to minimize existing waste and improve efficiency
and effectiveness in Higher education institutions. The findings highlight that the proposed
management model focusing on utilizing employees' intellectual abilities has not only implication for
Higher education institutions in Vietnam, but also for Higher education institutions from other
developing countries where the resources and capital investment are constrained.
Keywords: Made in Vietnam Lean management; Made in Vietnam Lean higher education management
model; Tangible waste; Intangible waste; Tam The.
TAM THE - Key Factor in the Made in Vietnam Lean

Decision Making Method
Minh Nguyen Dang(1)*
(1)
* Correspondence: dangminhck@gmail.com
Abstract: Vietnamese enterprises lack a good-quality support model for their management decisions. It
is necessary to carry out research to build an appropriate decision-making model for Vietnamese
enterprises. The first aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of Made in Vietnam lean decision-
making model in eliminating and reducing existing wastes in decision- making process of Vietnamese
enterprises. The second aim is to determine the priority of variables involved in the model and the most
important factor to ensure the application effectiveness. The model was applied to 60 Vietnamese
enterprises. To achieve the purpose of the study, a multi-method design is used, which includes
observation, semi- structure survey and in-depth interview. The result of the research indicates that the
model has succeeded in eliminating and reducing five existing types of wastes in decision- making
process in Vietnamese enterprises. In detail, there are wastes in human resources, waste in times, waste
in information, waste in methods, and waste in high failure rate. Last but not lease, “Tam The” is the
most important variable that needs to be considered firstly in Made in Vietnam lean decision- making
model. The Made in Vietnam lean decision-making model have been proved as a new and advanced
decision-making model by Vietnamese enterprises. This model can be used for enterprises in both
developing and developed country.
Keywords: Made in Vietnam lean management philosophy; Decision-making model; Tam The.
13 | E D E S U S
Empirical Research on the Influence Factors of Ecommerce
Adoption among Ecommerce Companies in Vietnam
Duong Nguyen Huu Thi Thuy(1)(2)*
Hanoi University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(1)
FPT University Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam

(2)
* Correspondence: duong.nhtt@gmail.com
Abstract: This research examines which technological, organizational and environmental factors
affecting e-commerce adoption in Vietnam generally as well as B2B, B2C and P2P model particularly.
The TOE framework is implemented in order to investigate the degree of impact of these e-commerce
adoption factors. This is qualitative research, which use interviews method to collect data. There are five
participants from 4 companies in the interviews. After collecting data, “template analysis” is used to
analyse the effects of e-commerce adoption factors. The finding suggests that the companies should
focus on the relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, top management support, size of
company, strategic orientation, competitive environment, supplier and buyer pressure and government
support. Furthermore, these factors will affect different e-ecommerce model in different degree. This
research does not only provide a comprehensive picture of the ecommerce adoption in Vietnam market
but also a deep insight view of the entire market and different ecommerce models.
Keywords: Ecommerce adoption; technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework; business
model.
Antecedents of Social Media Adoption: A Case Study of

Individual Online Retailers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
City
Thi-Minh Ngoc Luu(1), Phuong Mai Nguyen(1)*, Phu Quy Dao(1)
(1)
* Correspondence: mainp@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: This paper empirically examines the antecedents of social media adoption as a business
platform by individual retailers in the two biggest cities of Vietnam that are Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
City. The conceptual framework for this study based on literature on information technology, e-
commerce, technology acceptance model (TAM) and retailing. An online questionnaire survey of 512
individuals, who are currently selling products and services through social media sites, was
administered in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The results of data analysis showed that perceived ease
of use (PEU) has higher impact than that of perceived usefulness (PU) on social media adoption of
individual online retailers.
Keywords: social media adoption, technology acceptance model, online retailers.
14 | E D E S U S
Contribution of Industry to Labor Productivity Growth in
Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Dong(1)*, Nguyen Thanh Trong(2), Dinh Thi My Hanh(1)
Banking Academy, Phu Yen Campus, Phu Yen, Vietnam
(1)
University of Economics and Law, HCM city, Vietnam

(2)
* Correspondence: dongnt@hvnh.edu.vn
Abstract: Vietnam after 30 years of renewal process, due to a number of factors, especially the industrial
sector, the growth of labor productivity has been increased significantly. By using shift-share analysis
method to intra-industry between 1996 and 2017, which focused on internal industry, the result showed
that both intra effect and static shift effect made a great contribution to the labor productivity growth of
the economy, and the contribution of static effect tend to increase. This means that the movement of
labor from inefficient sectors to the more efficient sectors has had a positive impact on the overall
productivity growth rate. Therefore, in order to promote productivity growth in the economy, Vietnam
has to implement solutions in terms of reallocating resources, transforming the economic structure,
applications of technology and training human resources.
Keywords: Industry structure; labor productivity; shift-share analysis.
Improving the Competitiveness for Enterprises in Brand

Recognition Based on Machine Learning Approach
Nguyen Thi Van Trang(1)*, Nghiem Thi Lich(1), Do Thi Mai(1)
(1)
Thuongmai University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
* Correspondence: vantrang1987@tmu.edu.vn
Abstract: Brand identity plays a vital role in business success. With the strong development of the
market economy and scientific and technological revolution, there are many new brands introduced to
the market. So how can customers identify that brand belongs to what industry or that logo is true or
false? Therefore, the enterprises should have good strategy to enhance their competitiveness, especially
in the recognizing brand. Logo of the enterprise can be used as suitable objects in computer vision
applications for recognizing brands and providing associated services such as logo-based commercial
research, and brand trend analysis. In this paper, we will present an overview of the brand as well as
the importance of brand recognition. Then the paper discusses the brand determination by using
different approaches, thereby showing the pros and cons of these methods. Finally, we propose
strategies to improve the competitiveness for enterprises in brand recognition based on machine
learning model. The results show that our method increased the performance in brand recognition with
large input size; conduce to help businesses maintain; expand and improve trust for customers. It can
also contribute to prevent unfair competition, and enhance the enterprise’s position in the domestic and
international market.
Keywords: brand recognition; brand attribute; brand trust; deep learning; machine learning.
15 | E D E S U S
Effect of Organizational and Cultural Factors in Potential
Adoption of Activity-Based Costing - The Case in Vietnam
Tam Nguyen To(1)*, Tuan Le Anh(1)
Electric Power University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
(1)
* Correspondence: tamnt@epu.edu.vn
Abstract: The paper aims at measuring potential adoption of activity based costing (ABC) by
Vietnamese companies. Through organizational and cultural factors, the paper identifies influences
between these factors to ABC adoption. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned
Behavior (TPB) are used to explain how to apply the framework of adoption. The study employs survey
methodology to collect primary data on factors that expect to affect the adoption of ABC. The analysis
was conducted with 90 useful questionnaires received from enterprises in Hanoi, Vietnam. The logistic
regression was used to analyse the relation between these factors and the adoption of ABC. The result
indicates that organizational and cultural factors are not significant to the potential adoption of ABC in
Vietnam. This paper explains several reasons and recommends to study further for this topic.
Keywords: Activity-based costing (ABC); cultural; organizational; Vietnam
The Role of Official Development Assistance on the

Development of Economic Infrastructure in Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Vu Ha(1)*
(1)
*Correspondence: hantv@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: Official Development Assistance (ODA) is a significant external financial resource in Vietnam.
This aid has made meaningful contributions to the socio-economic development and poverty reduction
in Vietnam. ODA is one of the capital that belongs to the State budget and is prioritized to improve
social and economic infrastructure in Vietnam as infrastructure is the engine for economic growth. The
international donor community spent about 15.79 billion U.S. dollars in economic infrastructure
development in Vietnam in the period of 2010-2017, which helped to improve economic conditions in
Vietnam. However, ODA projects on economic infrastructure development have been usually
prolonged, raised capital and then cause debt burden for Vietnam. Besides, this financial resource has
been decreasing since Vietnam became a low middle-income country in 2010 and achieved the
millennium development goals in 2015. This paper focuses on analyzing the role of ODA on economic
infrastructure development in Vietnam and its consequences from 2010 to 2017 based on the database of
donors' projects in Vietnam published on the OECD's website.
Keywords: Official Development Assistance (ODA); infrastructure; transportation; energy; Vietnam.
16 | E D E S U S
Relationship between Organizational and Employee Work
Innovation: Mediation Role of Brand Support Behavior
and Psychological Capital (Hotels in Khanh Hoa Province,
Vietnam)
Pham Hong Liem(1)*, Nguyen Xuan Lan(2)
University of Khanh Hoa, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.
(1)
University of Economics, Da Nang University, Da Nang, Vietnam

(2)
*Correspondence: phamhongliem@ukh.edu.vn
Abstract: The World Bank has warned that Vietnam's tourism industry should focus on improving the
quality and value of products and services as well as maintaining skilled and capable human resources
to cope with the “tipping point” of the tourism. Employee work innovation is considered a solution to
balance the benefits between service providers and customers. In addition, building an organizational
climate to promote positive behavior of employees is an interesting research topic for both practical and
academics. Samples were collected from hotels and resorts in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam. Through a
multi-level integrated research model, study results have explored the mediation mechanism of brand
support behavior and psychological capital in the relationship between organizational climate and
employee work innovation, thus explaining the influence of organizational climate to employee work
innovation in the accommodation sector. This study suggests implications for managers in improving
the organizational climate to form positive attitudes and behaviors of employees, thereby contributing
to the sustainable development of the Hospitality industry.
Keywords: Organizational climate; employee work innovation; brand support behavior; psychological
capital; hotels and resorts.
Improving the Managerial Performance in the Context of

Financial Autonomy: An empirical investigation in public
education sector
Pham Quang Huy(1)*, Vu Kien Phuc(2)
(1)
University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
(2)
Vinh Long College of Economics and Finance, Vinh Long, Vietnam
*Correspondence: pquanghuy@ueh.edu.vn
Abstract: With the purpose to contribute to a greater awareness of Managerial Performance (MP) in
public education sector (PES), we hypothesize that the way in which the MP in PES are being affected
by its determinants, identify the relationships between the parameters affecting MP and to analyze
multiple interactions between them through construction of structural equation model (SEM) based on
a sample of 412 accountants working in PES in Vinh Long province. The results indicate that the MP in
PES depends significantly on Effective Management Accountant (EMA), Strategic Leadership (SL),
Management stakeholder (MS) and is controlled by Financial Autonomy (FA). These findings also
provide important implications, both for practice and for policymaker.
Keywords: managerial performance; financial autonomy; management accountant; public education
sector.
17 | E D E S U S
The Strategy of Vietnamese Business Associations in
Knowledge Sharing for the Sustainable Development of
Vietnam Businesses Community
Dzung Tien Pham(1)*, Binh Dinh Le(1)
(1)
* Correspondence: pham.tien.dzung.2006@gmail.com
Abstract: This article is the result of the research on the knowledge sharing of Vietnam business
associations which is one of the activities contributing to the sustainable development of Vietnamese
businesses. The research aims to (1) Review the current situation and the ways of knowledge sharing
among member business of the associations; (2) Investigate the influencing factors; (3) Propose the
adapting strategy for Vietnam business associations to improve knowledge sharing for the sustainable
development of Vietnamese businesses. Basing on the Model of Knowledge Sharing and Community of
Practice of Kimiz Dalkiz in combination with the SECI Model of Nonaka and Takeuchi the research
used qualitative analysis with secondary data collected by desk research and primary data collected by
survey, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews among the representatives of Vietnam
business associations and their member businesses. In the results, the research was able to answer the
research questions including the current situation and ways of knowledge sharing of Vietnam business
associations; point out the factors influencing to this activity of the associations; analyze the root of the
shortcomings; and propose the strategy for the associations in knowledge sharing for the sustainable
development of member businesses and the economy of the country.
Keywords: strategy; business association; knowledge management; knowledge sharing; development.
Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Merger and Acquisition

(M&A) Activity in Vietnam
Nguyen Quyet (1)*
(1)
University of Finance-Marketing, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: nguyenquyet@ufm.edu.vn
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the macroeconomic factors influencing M&A activity
in the Vietnamese market, analyzing both short-run and long-term. The theoretical foundation is
analyzed and synthesized from previous studies. Quantitative research methods and vector error
correction model were employed to analyze time series data. The results of the study indicate that, in
the long run, M&A activity is affected by money supply, political risk and economic growth. In the
short term, the impact on M&A is the tax burden, institutional and regulatory factors.
Keywords: Merger and acquisition (M&A); vector error correction model; political risk; institutional
factors; regulatory factors; Vietnam.
18 | E D E S U S
A Comparative Analysis of Market Definition in Antitrust
Law and WTO Law: Some Suggestions for Vietnam
Phuong T.M. Tong(1)*, Nghia Van Tang(2)
(1)
Foreign Trade University, Hanoi, Vietnam

(2)
* Correspondence: phuong.tong.m15@wti.org
Abstract: Market definition is an important issue in both antitrust law and WTO law. Through
comparative analysis approach, the author would like to answer the following research questions: How
does the assessment of market definition’s method of determination in WTO and antitrust law suggest
an interaction between two legal contexts? And how can we apply the research’s findings to complete
the legal framework on competition in Vietnam? The result shows that there is content interconnection
between antitrust law and WTO law in terms of market definition, also the consequences on the rule
systems, methods, functions, scope of influence of market definitions, and elements to define it, together
with some detailed implications for Vietnam.
Keywords: Market definition; international economic law; Vietnam.
Website Marketing Activities in Healthcare Service Sector -

A Case in Danang, Vietnam
Phuong Truong (1), Huong Doan (2), Long Tran (2)*
(1)
University of Economics, Danang University, Danang, Vietnam
* Correspondence: longtd@due.edu.vn
Abstract: Studies in healthcare service have been received remarkable attention from both researchers
and practitioners. This specific topic is interesting because of not only its complexity in nature as highly
customized, highly risk-taking but also the high extent of co-production in the value creation process.
This study was implemented with the involvement of more than 40 healthcare service providers to
augment better understandings of the current marketing practices using websites within this specific
sector. Four dimensions including information, communication, transaction and relationship were
deployed to evaluate the website marketing activities. While the information and communication
dimensions initiate the relationships between customer and provider, the communication and
transaction ones maintain and develop these relationships. Research findings suggested that in Danang,
the transaction- and relationship dimensions should be received a better consideration due to their
importance.
Keywords: Healthcare; marketing practice; website marketing activities.
19 | E D E S U S
Valuing tourism landscapes in Ba Vi National Park
(Vietnam)
Dat Nho Tran(1)*, Linh Duy Thi Nguyen(2), Nguyen An Thinh(3)
(1) General Directorate of Forestry, MARD, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2) Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment (HUNRE), Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: nhodatbttn@gmail.com
Abstract: The study uses the travel cost method (TCM) to determine the value of entertainment and
tourism in the National Park: a case study in Ba Vi National Park, and through a research logit model to
assess factors affecting the tourist behavior of visitors in this area. The research results show that the
entertainment and tourism value of Ba Vi National Park in 2017 is estimated at nearly 794 billion VND
and tends to increase in the future. Traveler behavior in Ba Vi National Park varies due to factors:
income, gender, age, educational level, interests, other interests and purpose of the trip. In which the
factors of education and income strongly influence the tourist behavior of visitors. Research results will
help managers choose appropriate policies and management mechanisms to maintain and effectively
use resources from the National Park and regional development towards sustainable development in
the future.
Keywords: Travel Cost Method (TCM); Ba Vi National Park; landscape value; entertainment and
tourism value.
An Empirical Analysis of the Factors Influencing the

Switching Intention from Cash Payment to Mobile
Payment in Vietnam
Thao An Tran(1)*, Yen Vinh Thi Tran(2)
(1)
Vietnam-Korea friendship IT College, Da Nang, Vietnam
(2)
Danang Architecture University, Da Nang, Vietnam
* Correspondence: thaoan66@gmail.com
Abstract: Mobile payment with huge advantages in the independence of time and location offers
customers faster, safer and easier payment experience than traditional methods. However, before
accepting innovation technology, users must decide to continue paying by the current method or
switching to one of its substitutes. To understand the main determinants that affect customers'
switching intention from cash payment to mobile payment in Vietnam, this study presents a conceptual
model combined the technology acceptance model (TAM) and Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework.
The results show that alternative attractiveness is the most impact pull factor, following by mobility.
Regarding push factors, low satisfaction and inconvenience of cash payment have great influences on
both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Finally, regarding mooring effects, personal
innovativeness has the significant impact on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use as well as
switching intention, whereas, perceived risk has a negative influence and the effect of mobile payment
knowledge is not confirmed. Moreover, the relationships between the variables are influenced only by
habit, while the impact of switching cost is not found.
Keywords: Intention to Switch; Mobile Payment; Push-Pull-Mooring framework; TAM model
20 | E D E S U S
Determinants of Risk-Taking of Vietnamese Banks after
Global Financial Crisis
Tu T.T. Tran(1)*, Yen T. Nguyen(2), Dick Beason(3)
(1) VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
(2) Vinh University, Nghe An, Vietnam
(3) Alberta University, Alberta, Canada
* Correspondence: tuttt@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: The paper deals with hypotheses evaluating the impact of factors on the risk-taking of the
commercial bank in Vietnam in a 10-year period, starting from 2008. Using the OLS regression method
for analysis by running Eviews and ANOVA test in SPSS, it was found that: Bank performance plays an
important role in reducing risks of the Vietnamese bank; The corporations led by female faces with
higher risk level than led by male; The bail-out activities of the State Bank of Vietnam in 2015 does not
influence on risk-taking of the bank system; The merge and acquisition does not support the bank to
reduce risk, it increases the risk for acquiring banks; The global crisis 2008 exerts dire consequence on
the bank system in Vietnam; There is the difference of risk-taking among the groups of the bank having
a different number of years of operation. Basing on this result, the paper also makes recommendations
to Government, The State Bank of Vietnam and the commercial banks for effective risk management.
Keywords: Commercial bank; risk management; risk-taking.
Trade facilitation and its impacts on Vietnam’s trade

Huong Thanh Vu(1)*, Dai Duc Tang(2)
(1)
VNU-University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2)
Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan
* Correspondence: huongvt@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: Trade facilitation is particularly important for the developing economies whose trade costs
have remained high because it helps improve efficiency of border procedures, boost trade flows and
promote participation into the global value chain. Given these benefits, trade facilitation has emerged as
a key issue for the world trading system in recent years. In Vietnam, under the context of its active
participation in international economic integration, trade has played an increasingly important role in
the country’s social and economic development. Therefore, Vietnam has made substantial attempts to
reduce trade costs and time to facilitate trade activities. This paper aims at exploring the current
situation of trade facilitation and its impact on Vietnam’s trade. By adopting Enabling Trade Index as
trade facilitation indicator and a case study of border administration, the paper points out that
Vietnam’s trade facilitation has moderately improved with the biggest achievement in Market Access,
followed by Infrastructure. The progress in Border Administration is mixed while Vietnam has
performed worst in Operating Environment. In addition, the paper uses gravity model with data from
108 countries over the period 2008-2016 to assess the impact of trade facilitation on trade in Vietnam.
The results show that trade facilitation has a more than proportionate impact on Vietnam’s trade. An
increase of Enabling Trade Index by 1% will result to an increase of 1.14% in Vietnam’s trade value.
Based on these results, the paper highlights some implications for Vietnam to further improve its trade
facilitation performance.
Keywords: Trade facilitation; border administration; gravity model; enabling trade index; Vietnam.
21 | E D E S U S
SECTION 2. Development and Sustainability
22 | E D E S U S
Value Chain Financing Approach: A Good Way to
Sustainable Agricultural Growth in Vietnam
Bui Thi Lam
(1),(2) *, Tran Huu Cuong(2), Ho Thi Minh Hop(1), Nguyen The Kien(3), Philippe Lebailly (1)
(1) University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium

(2) Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: btlam.hua@gmail.com
Abstract: Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the value chain financing approach (AVCF) as a
crucial tool towards sustainable agricultural development. The paper aims to mainly describe the
performance of the internal and external financing mechanisms existing in the Seng Cu rice value chain
in Lao Cai and focus on the impact of the contract farming on rice production based on cost and benefit
analysis of 160 representative producers, classified into three groups: small, medium and large scales.
Besides this, in-depth interviews with 45 other stakeholders involved in the chain also conducted to
obtain the insightful qualitative analysis. The study points out that the combination of internal and
external finance in the chain create a financial ecosystem, in which each type of player likely meets their
tailored demands and becomes paramount to their success. However, in practice, the participation of
agricultural bank in the chain still limit and financial shortage seems popular for many. Concerning the
farming contracts established between the enterprises and local producers, it remarkably contributes to
not only better input usage and higher value-added of producers in terms of value and proportion, but
also well manages the quality of the product flows the chain. Finally, the recommendations for
policymakers, producers, and agribusiness are suggested to enhance the effectiveness of these financing
sources and to sustainably develop the Seng Cu rice chain in the locality as well as the agriculture sector
nationwide.
Keywords: Agricultural value chain finance; small producer; rural finance; sustainability; Vietnam.
Improving the Position of Ethnic Minority Women through

the Policy of Credit Support for Poor Households: A Case
Study of Northern Mountains of Vietnam
Dang Thi Hoa(1)*, Bui Thi Huong Tram(1), Nguyen Danh Loi(2)
VASS Institute for Family and Gender Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
(1)
(2)
Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, HCM city, Vietnam
* Correspondence: danghoa.ifgs69@gmail.com
Abstract: This paper reviews the barriers to ethnic minority women in the development and
effectiveness of the credit assistance package for women in poor ethnic minority households in northern
region of Vietnam. Based on data on poor ethnic minority household survey, covering 1,685 ethnic
households of 4 provinces (Lang Son, Ha Giang, Dien Bien, and Thanh Hoa) in 2018, the analysis
emphasized the usefulness of ethnic minority women's capital and the support of Women's Union to
help members use loans effectively. Since 2003, the Government of Vietnam has launched the solution
in poverty reduction strategies and sustainable development in ethnic minority areas in the policy
package to support loans for poor minorities. Through the credit support package, ethnic minority
women are more proactive in planning production and selling products, with higher incomes from
household production activities. Ethnic minority women have overcome many barriers to take initiative
in accessing to bank credit for household economic development. The credit has been used for
23 | E D E S U S
development of household economy and improving their position in the family and community,
towards sustainable poverty reduction.
Keywords: Poor household; credit support; gender equality; ethnic minorities; policy; sustainable
development.
Analyzing Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in the

Northwest Mountains of Vietnam
Mui Thuy Do(1)*
(1) Tay Bac University, Son La, Vietnam.
* Correspondence: maithuydotb@gmail.com
Abstract: Community-based tourism (CBT) development in the Northwestern mountains of Vietnam

requires sufficient resources such as attractive tourism resources, technical facilities, infrastructure for
tourists, organizational structures, business capacity, convention on tourism activities, etc. The
deployment of the model must be based on principles including democratic centralism, for the common
interests of the community, development-followed to branch planning, planning socio-economic - social
planning of the region, and harmonious development between economic and social benefits. The CBT
development model must ensure to: improve the life quality; help to have experience time of enjoyable
tourism activities; and utilize the use of resources in a sustainable way. Based on the potentialities of
natural and socio-economics in the Northwest, there are many kinds of CBT models such as the supply-
demand operation model, the general model, the structural model for CBT organization, management
and operation, the tourist service model and the income distribution model. It is necessary to go
through 6 steps to implement the tourism model including: the study of visitor demand, influencing
factors, selection of routes, destinations, tour content, testing and commissioning.
Keywords: Management mechanism; community-based tourism (CBT); tourist destination; Northwest
mountains; Vietnam.
Factor Affecting Financial Sustainability of People’s Credit

Fund in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta Region
Van Duong Ha(1)*
Hong Bang International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
(1)
* Correspondence: dhv05@yahoo.com
Abstract: Financial Self-Sustainability (FSS) is one of the sustainable development indicators of

microfinance service providers. This index is affected by many factors that make the financial
sustainability of microfinance service providers, including people's credit funds (PCFs) have certain
fluctuations during the operation. The purpose of this study is to examine factors that affect financial
self-sustainability of PCFs. Through regression analysis on a set of panel data from 2013 to 2018 of 24
PCFs, it appears that capital adequacy ratio and income have the positive impacts on FSS; at the same
time, credit growth, non-performing loan ratio and economic growth have the negative effects on FSS.
While the deposit growth and inflation rate have not the impacts on FSS. The results of this research are
accurate according to the characteristics and development history of PCFs in the Mekong Delta region
of Vietnam from 2013-2018. Based on the research results, the article recommends key contents to
24 | E D E S U S
improve operational self-sustainability of PCFs in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta region. This study helps
researchers and managers to understand the key determinants for better management of PCFs.
Keywords: Financial Self-Sustainability (FSS); financial self-sustainability; people's credit fund.
The Sustainable Development of Green Space in the

Tourism Zone of Moc Chau Mountains (Son La, Vietnam)
Phạm Anh Tuan(1), Duong Thi Loi(2)*
(1)
Tay Bac University, Son La, Vietnam
(2)
Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
*Correspondence: duongloi1710@gmail.com
Abstract: Green space is an inseparable part of ecotourism, it is also an important index of sustainable
development. The aim of this research is to examine the change of green space quality through values of
NDVI in the period of 2005 - 2018 in Moc Chau national tourism zone, Son La. Four satellite images
from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 were pre-processing first to calculate the vegetation index. The NDVI was
derived from post-processing Landsat data based on the difference between near-infrared and red
bands, then classified to produce green maps with four classes: non-green, low green, moderate green,
and dense green. This classification was applied according to the NDVI threshold values such as 0.2, 0.4
and 0.6. The results indicated a drastic decrease in the dense and moderate green while a significant
increase in low green and non-green within 13 years (2005 - 2018). The green space tends to narrow
continuously due to the negative impact form human being. This result is considered as an important
base in the management and planning of ecotourism sustainable development in the study area.
Keywords: Green space; sustainable development; tourism zone; Moc Chau.
Wooden Funeral Sculptures of the Jrai and Bahnar in the

Vietnam Central Highlands: Conservation or Destruction?
Ho Thi Thanh Nhan(1)*
Van Lang University, HCM City, Vietnam
(1)
*Correspondence: hothithanhnhan@vanlanguni.edu.vn
Abstract: The wooden funeral sculptures of the Jrai and Bahnar in the Vietnam Central Highlands have
been introduced to the world in many ethnographic studies since the early 20th century by French
researchers. For many reasons, there was a dearth of Vietnamese studies in this region not only during
the French colonial period (1887-1954) but also in the Vietnam War (1954-1975) and throughout a
decade after that. Except for a rare but major study conducted by the new government from 1986 to
1995 on various fields for exploiting local potentials and left a lot of valuable historical documents, the
research gap on this topic continues to last until 2017. At the end of a 2-year research project since 2015,
a report published by the local cultural agency showed that the art of wooden sculptures here was
being recovered and well-developed. Although the number of new sculptures has increased recently as
mentioned in the report, most of them seem very different from traditional sculptures in many respects.
Through a comparative analysis of historical documents and fieldwork, this paper aims to point out the
differences and identify the main characteristics that should not be confused between traditional
wooden funeral sculptures and wooden artworks nowadays.
Keywords: Jrai; Bahnar; funeral sculpture; Vietnam Central Highlands.
25 | E D E S U S
Traditional Concepts on "Sustainability" in Vietnamese
Culture and the Impacts on Forming Modern Values of
Sustainable Development
Le Lan Chi(1)*
(1)
VNU School of Law, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: lelanchi@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: Vietnam is an agricultural country characterized by wet rice civilization, and the livelihood of
its people mainly depends on the nature. Due to geo-political characteristics, Vietnam had to encounter
unceasingly wars and assert their identity to resist against the Sinicization and Westernization. Does the
afore-mentioned context lead to the fact that “sustainability” is considered as an objective or a value of
the Vietnamese after thousand years of national construction and protection? Does the concept of
“sustainability” in Vietnamese culture have the same meaning as “sustainability” in the concept
“sustainable development”, which was newly brought into Vietnam, how does it impact on the shaping
of modern values of “sustainable development”? The article applies generalization and “Yi-ology” as
the two main methods to answer these questions; in addition, contextual analysis method and
comparison are also employed to concretize conclusions inferred via the methods of “Yi - ology” and
generalization. Thereby, the paper discovers certain distinctions between the traditional concept of
“sustainability” and modern value of “sustainable development” imported to Vietnam, and the process
of shaping modern values of “sustainable development” in the country, on one hand, needs to lean on,
on the other hand, has to struggle to be liberated from the ties of tradition.
Keywords: sustainability, traditional culture, value, sustainable development.
Educational Renovation in a Restructuring Society:

Vietnam’s Case Study
Hung Ngoc Le(1)*, Phuong Thi Bui(2)
(1)
VNU University of Education, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2)
Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: lengochung.vnu@gmail.com
Abstract: In Vietnam’s society where the economy is under restructuring into a market one the
renovation of education started in 1982 and the comprehensive educational renovation have created
huge changes in the national educational system in 2001. The educational renovation has been led by
the Vietnam Communist Party’s (CPV) policy course, regulated by the country’s legislation and has
opened up education opportunities, reduced social inequality in education and changing educational
level structure. A number of studies have clarified factors of educational opportunities and their
relationship to the human resource and economy, but these studies are relevant mainly to societies with
developed and developing market economy. Therefore, basing on systematical theory approach and
literature analysis method, this paper concentrates on clarifying the education renovation triangle
comprising education policy, education opportunity and educational level in a society restructuring
into a market economy in Vietnam.
Keywords: Education, opportunity, the educational renovation, education opportunities, reduce social
inequality in education, restructuring society, Vietnam.
26 | E D E S U S
Tourism Climate Indicators (TCI) Applied in Moc Chau
District (Son La, Vietnam)
Hoa Thu Le(1), Khanh Nguyen Ngoc(2), Nhung Nguyen Thu(3)*
(1) Tay Bac University, Son La, Vietnam
(2) Vietnam Geography Association, Hanoi, Vietnam
(3) VAST Institute of Geography, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: lethuhoatb@gmail.com
Abstract: Climate is an important resource of tourism industry; climate indicators can be measured and
assessed. The determination of the right time for tourism activities contributes to the orientation of
making investment plans for managers and advising vacation time for visitors. To determine the right
time, the researched team used 7 climate parameters: total precipitation, monthly average temperature,
relative humidity, average maximum temperature, average temperature of dark temperature Minimum,
average of relative humidity, daily average of sunshine hours and wind speed to calculate TCI model in
Moc Chau. The TCI calculation results based on 10-year climate data (2008 - 2018) show that Moc Chau
is a place with favorable conditions for year-round tourism activities, preferably from October to April
next year.
Keywords: Tourism climate indicators (TCI); tourism industry; Moc Chau; Vietnam.
Carbon Footprint of Vietnam’s Small Urban Areas (A Case

Study of Ha Dong District, Hanoi)
Nguyen An Thinh(1)*
(1)
Correspondence: anthinhhus@gmail.com
Abstract: Increasing urbanization advocates the compact city. This study classifies small urban areas in
the Ha Dong district (Hanoi, Vietnam) based on indicators for a compact city, and calculates the carbon
footprint of urban clusters based on data household of lifestyle surveys. A step use approach combining
exploratory factor analysis, hierarchy cluster analysis, and carbon footprint is used. The results sort out
four main factors characterizing the compact city as “quality of infrastructure”, “density of open space”,
“transportation pattern”, and “public transportation and urban green space”. Small urban areas in Ha
Dong are grouped into 4 urban clusters based on the factor “quality of infrastructure”. The carbon
footprint (CF) of the Ha Dong district is 6.66 ton.year-1.person-1, which is higher than this of the
average world, about 3 times over the GHGs target, and nearly 6 times than that of GHGs in Vietnam.
The urban cluster C3 shows the highest carbon footprint, whereas the C4 has the lowest one.
Recommendations based on the study result include: have been raised for study area as increase the
number of high-density cities (compact city); develop the urban green spaces and public transport
system; and improve tools for urban planning based on the criteria of sustainable development and
green growth.
Keywords: Urban small area; urban clusters; compact city; carbon footprint; factor analysis; Hanoi city.
27 | E D E S U S
Agriculture Land Conversion and Its Implications for Food
Requirements and Farming in Vietnamese Northern
Mountains
Nguyen An Thinh(1)*, Nguyen Phung Quan(2)
(1)
(2)
The Committee on Ethnic Minority Affairs (CEMMA), Hanoi, Vietnam
Abstract: Vietnamese Northern Mountains have seen urbanization with slow pace in the relationship
with the effects the agricultural land conversion on local people's livelihoods, food and farming. The
paper aims at a quantitative monitoring and characterizing the conversion of agricultural to built-up
land in a case study of Tran Yen (Yen Bai) by using satellite images focusing on the years 1994, 2004 and
2016 as well as examine the underlying relationships between specific land use land cover change
(LULCC) and local livelihood diversification strategies. Ethnographic fieldwork is combined with land-
cover change mapping reveals hidden causes of LULCC. Study results provided the status and drivers
of the life and livelihood of people in Tran Yen district before and after land reclamation. Our findings
point to the importance of policy makers in approaching complementary approaches to integrating
livelihood policies in the region to stabilize the lives of people. Support policies should be provided to
households directly affected by these planning projects.
Keywords: agriculture land conversion; food requirements; farming; Vietnamese Northern Mountains.
Urban Exclusion: Theoretical Approaches and Emerging

Trajectories for Vietnam
Nguyen Dang Dao(1)*
(1)
Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: nguyendangdao137@gmail.com
Abstract: There are few research projects focusing on the effects of urbanization on Vietnamese society,
particularly the social exclusion issue, while urban exclusion is one of the most stressing matters in
Vietnam nowadays. Urbanization in Vietnam is very fast during Doi Moi period. Thereby it brings
many sustainable development issues that attract the attention of social sciences researchers and policy-
makers. Among sustainable issues related to urbanization such as urban-rural relations, urban conflicts,
environmental justice, urban exclusion has received the least attention, though it is currently one of the
research centers of urban studies in anthropology, sociology, economics and development studies. This
paper aims to gather theoretical approaches and case studies of Robert Park, Jehoel-Gijsbers, Loïc
Wacquant, Philippe Bourgois and other scholars. After building a theoretical framework, this paper
examines studies in Vietnam, explains similarities, differences, or complementary to world studies,
identify research gaps, and suggest suitable research directions for the upcoming research projects. The
outcomes suggest that it is worthwhile to strive for high-quality research about the urban exclusion of
vulnerable groups regarding Vietnam's evolving efforts toward sustainable development.
Keywords: Urban Exclusion; Urbanization; Social Exclusion; Theories; Sustainable Development
28 | E D E S U S
Towards Responsible Tourism in Vietnam: Critical Review
and Implications for Future Research
Phuong Mai Nguyen(1)*, Nam D. Vo(2), Quang Long To(3), Van Toan Dinh(1)
(2) University of Danang, Da Nang, Vietnam
(3) VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: mainp@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: Since the passage of Law on Tourism in 2005 and its amendment in 2017, Vietnam has
increasingly invested in the tourism sector as a spearhead industry of the economy to turn Vietnam into
a destination for the mass tourist. Along with tourism development, the negative impacts of tourism
activities on the environment and society have been acknowledged to a certain extent. In such a context,
concepts such as sustainable tourism, ethical tourism, and responsible tourism have been put on the
roundtable for discussion. However, there is a lack of previous research on how the responsible tourism
concept is adapted to the situation of the Vietnam tourism industry. The paper presents the background
of the Vietnamese tourism industry. Moreover, based on the survey results with 122 individuals and 20
tourism experts, the paper highlights prominent actions to promote responsible tourism in Vietnam.
The implications for further research on the topic are also proposed.
Keywords: Corporate social responsibility; responsible tourism; sustainable development.
Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Analyze

Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of the
Students of Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Nguyen Cam Ngoc(1), Nguyen The Kien2*
(1)
VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2)
VNU University of Economics and Business, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: thekien.edu@gmail.com
Abstract: The study aims at identifying factors affecting Vietnam National University Hanoi students'
entrepreneurial intention. The samples are 300 students from the VNU University of Social Sciences and
Humanities, VNU University of Economics and Business, and VNU University of Technology, Hanoi.
Based on the application of SEM model, the results show six factors affecting students' entrepreneurial
intention including confidence, entrepreurship, education, capital, technological skills, and work skills.
The higher the factors, the higher the entrepreneurial intention.
Keywords: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM); entrepreneurial intention; students; Vietnam National
University Hanoi.
29 | E D E S U S
Creating an Added-Value Capital of Forest Based on the
Local Knowledge of Tai in Tuong Duong (Nghe An,
Vietnam)
Nguyen Hong Anh(1)*
(1)
Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: comaygia@gmail.com
Abstract: Tuong Duong district is located in the West Nghe An biosphere reserve, belonging to the
world network of biosphere reserve and has the role of protecting the watershed of Lam river. Among
the ethnic groups here, the Tai ethnic group has densest population and holds the most important role
of socio-cultural development. Moving from Laos to Tuong Duong, the Tai settlements were built along
streams and banks of the Lam River (Pao River in Tai’s language), hence they also named Tay Pao, or
their name is known as Tay Hay (swidden Tai), because of the terrain conditions of Tuong Duong,
instead of traditional wet rice cultivation, they also exploit forest for slash-and-burn cultivation. Forests
are not only give them food, clothes, house, etc., but also a spiritual support in traditional culture, forest
is an environment that has creating rational indigenous ecological knowledge on exploiting nature and
culture of Tai people. But, in the contemporary context, forest resources have been exploited strongly,
become exhausted, cultural space of communities was influenced, that requires measures to create
added-value capital of forest. By fieldwork method and approaches of human ecology and cultural
ecology, this study deals with how Tai people in Tuong Duong have created the added-value capital of
forest by their local knowledge through livelihoods. The value capital of forest was increased that will
as a basis for restoring their lost cultural space and maintaining their religious and spiritual practices.
Keywords: Forest; Tai people; indigenous knowledge; Tuong Duong, Vietnam.
In Search of Solutions for the Governance of the Rights of

Migrant Workers in Southeast Asia: Regulatory
Regionalism as a Reasonable Approach
Thuy Duong Nguyen(1)*
(1)
Hanoi Law University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: duongnt@hlu.edu.vn
Abstract: The issue of migrant worker rights has been a difficult challenge for ASEAN to address. Many
commentators pointed out inadequacies of ASEAN’s governance on this issue such as the lack of legal
binding regional instruments which are compatible with international labour standards; the absence of
an enforcement mechanism; the low protection of migrant labour rights in its member states. These
shortcomings are the consequences of incompatible national interests of member nations and very
strong working principles of ASEAN - non- interference in the international affairs of member states;
consultation and consensus in decision-making. These principles have been considered as a way to
respect ASEAN member states’ sovereignty. Hence, it is unrealistic to suppose that ASEAN could
change these norms to improve the situation of migrant workers within the region. The paper focuses
on the concept of regulatory regionalism as a possible solution for ASEAN to deal with this problematic
issue - although it will be a long and challenge process. This innovative approach not only allows
ASEAN to play the more central role but also ease member states’ concerns of their sovereignty in
promoting and protecting the rights of migrant workers within the region in a truly comprehensive and
integrated manner.
Keywords: migrant worker rights; regulatory regionalism; migrant workers in Southeast Asia.
30 | E D E S U S
Minimizing the Negative Effects of Irrigation and
Hydropower System on Sustainable Development and
Environmental Protection in the Huong River Basin
Nguyen Tien Thanh(1)*, Nguyen Dinh(2), Nguyen Hoang Son(1)
(1)
(2)
Thua Thien Hue Provincial Commanding Committee of Natural Disaster Prevention and Control, Search and
Rescue, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
*Correspondence: thanhnt@tlu.edu.vn
Abstract: Recently, the effects of irrigation and hydropower system in Vietnam generally and Hue
particularly have been becoming more complex because of the need for considering hydrologic and
hydraulic structures in terms of sustainability and environmental protection. In practice, irrigation and
hydropower operations may yield several undesirable impacts like unsafe conditions for dam
operations, flood risks for areas located at the downstream of dams, drought risks or environmental
impacts cause natural habitat loss. All things may lead to the unsustainable development of social-
economic and adversely affect natural resources and environment. The goals of this paper, hence, is to
propose the solutions for a minimization of the negative impacts of irrigation and hydropower
operations in relationship with natural resources and environment, taking the Huong river basin
located in Thua Thien Hue province of Vietnam as an example. In this study, the methods of hydrologic
and hydraulic modeling, statistical and geographic information system (GIS) is applied. On the basic of
attained results, an increase in flood storage capacity of Binh Dien and Huong Dien reservoirs is
proposed. In addition to this, solutions related to the land cover and inter-reservoir operational process
in the Huong river basin are given.
Keywords: Huong river basin; reservoirs; environment; hydropower; natural resources.
Socio-Economic Development towards Sustainable

Ecological Model in Vietnam
Cong Nhat Pham(1)*
(1)
VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
*Correspondence: nhatpc2010@gmail.com
Abstract: The paper deals with a general concept of socio-economic development following ecological
model. It is a model of socio-economic development based on 3 important pillars: green economy
development, sustainable environmental protection and building a democratic social institution also
known as construction and Socio-economic development according to sustainable ecological model.
Socio-economic development under the sustainable ecological model is being chosen by many countries
in the world as an inevitable trend, especially in the world climate conditions with many changes in the
negative direction as currently. Part of the content of this paper initially takes some characteristics of
socio-economic development following the sustainable ecological model in Vietnam today.
Accordingly, the paper stated that, like many other countries in the world, Vietnam is currently
choosing socio-economic development based on a sustainable ecological model. However, besides the
favorable factors, Vietnam is facing many difficulties and challenges in choosing this development
model. There are many solutions for Vietnam to choose for socio-economic development based on the
current sustainable ecological model, but in particular need to pay special attention to solutions related
31 | E D E S U S
to development green economic development, sustainable environmental protection and building socio-
economic institutions more and more complete and democratic.
Keywords: Green economy; environmental protection; sustainable development; democratic social
institutions; sustainable ecological models.
Perennial Cropping System Development and Economic

Performance of Perennial Cropping System in Dak Lak
Province, Vietnam
Thuy Phan Thi (1),(2)*, Thuy Bui Thi Thanh(1), Hop Ho Thi Minh(2), Niem Le Duc(1), Philippe Lebailly(2)
(1)
Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak, Vietnam
(2)
Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University Liège, Belgium
*Correspondence: phanthuydhtn@gmail.com
Abstract: The paper deals with the perennial crop development in Dak Lak Province by using the mixed
data collection of quantity and quality. At the same time, the economic efficiency of two major perennial
crop systems including mono-cropping and intercropping systems concentrating on coffee and pepper
was analyzed. The findings indicated that development and adjustment of perennial crop systems in
Dak Lak province highly related to economic, political and social changes; and underwent through five
main stages as following large scale perennial crop plantations as early-stage; perennial crop systems as
state-owned and cooperative farms; intensified perennial crop systems; mixed perennial crop systems;
and specialized and diversified perennial crop systems. Additionally, the study revealed that
intercropping systems were more efficient than mono-cropping systems due to the potential presence of
economies of scope. Consequently, the results provided useful information for local households in
making sustainable production strategies and policymakers in enacting suitable policies as well as
diagnosis of the future evolution of perennial crops for the coming years.
Keywords: Perennial crop systems; historical development; economic performance; Dak Lak; Vietnam.
Sustainable Agriculture Development in Vietnam

Phi Thi Hong Linh(1)*, Bui Thi Thanh Huyen(1)
(1)
National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Corresponding author: linhph@neu.edu.vn
Abstract: In Vietnam, agriculture contributes significantly to economic growth, poverty reduction, food
security, and social welfare. Over the last 30 years since the reform in 1986, agricultural sector in
Vietnam has still shown many inner limitations and had negative spillover impacts on social and
environmental dimensions. Based on the perspective of sustainable development, agricultural
development in Vietnam has been far from being sustainable. In this paper, we will propose a group of
indicators in order to measure sustainable agricultural development and use them to analyze the case
study of Vietnam. The study results offer policy implications to develop a sustainable agricultural
system in Vietnam.
Keywords: Agriculture; sustainable development; sustainable agriculture; Vietnam
32 | E D E S U S
Community Participation in Urban Planning in Vietnam
towards Sustainable Development - Prospects and
Challenges
Ta Quynh Hoa(1)*, Nguyen Quang Minh(1), Nguyen Cao Lanh(1), Nguyen Hai Ninh(1)
(1)
National University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: hoatq@nuce.edu.vn
Abstract: The transition towards the open market economy in Vietnam since “Doi Moi” (Economic
Reforms) in 1986 has triggered significant social transformations, especially in megacities, such as Hanoi
and Ho Chi Minh City. The increasing diversity of players in the market economy with greater roles
exercised by the private sector and the community has put a demand on the urban planning process
that must be more open and more community participation. Even though the approach of “community
participation” has been applied to many urban planning projects in developed countries since the 1960s
and achieved fruitful results for communities, this is still new in Vietnam with many challenges and
limited opportunities for application. This paper aims to oversee the concept of community
participation in Vietnam context, to review the institutional framework that are expected to pave the
way for activities of community, and also to analyze the actual capacity of the community through two
case studies in Hanoi city, i.e. “the project of improving living environment in old quarter of Hanoi”
and “the detailed planning project of Le Duan - Giai Phong - Bac Linh Dam road crossing six districts of
Hanoi”. The paper also redefines and highlights the roles of the government, the local authorities and
experts as three key stakeholders in facilitating the community participation in detailed planning
projects. The initial findings should then be discussed for effective planning tools and relevant process
to enable community involvement in urban development and regeneration towards social
sustainability.
Keywords: Social transformation; urban planning; community participation; social sustainability;
Hanoi.
Current Status and Impact of Imbalance of Sex Ratio at

Birth in the Son La Province, Vietnam
Tong Thi Quynh Huong(1)*
(1)
Tay Bac University, Son La, Vietnam
* Correspondence: huong.tbu87@gmail.com
Abstract: In Vietnam, imbalance of sex ratio at birth is becoming one of the most difficult problems for
population and family planning, which has been attracting the attention of the community. Due to
misconceptions, son preference is still evident in social life. In 2018, Son La had the highest sex ratio at
birth, approximately 120 boys/100 girls. Notably, this situation occurs everywhere in the province,
including in rural and urban areas. Combined with general sources of Son La sex ratio, 2010 - 2018 of
Son La Department of Population and Family Planning, the article analyzes and clarifies the imbalance
in sex ratio at birth and negative impacts on family and society in Son La.
Keywords: Sex imbalance at birth; consequences, Son La.
33 | E D E S U S
The Impact of Tourism Development on the Life of
Residents in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam
Tran Thi Minh Hoa(1)*, Nguyen Thi Huyen Van(1)
VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(1)
* Correspondence: hoatm225@yahoo.com
Abstract: Tourism is both an economic sector and a social phenomenon; hence, tourism development in
any locality will change the socio-economic life of the community. With abundant tourism resources
well-known in both Vietnam and the world, along with tourism-focused development policies, Quang
Ninh is one of the provinces with the fastest and most potent tourism development in Vietnam. People
enjoy many benefits from tourism development. However, they also face unexpected challenges and
changes in life due to this process. To research the changes that have been taking place in this province
during the development of tourism, we have conducted surveys and sociological investigations of the
people living in three well-known tourist centers of the province including Yen Tu, Ha Long and Mong
Cai. The results show that tourism is an essential factor that changes the economic and social life of
people at tourist destinations. The findings of this research will help policymakers approach a more
scientific basis for making policies to limit the negative impacts of tourism development on people's
lives, targeting the sustainable development of the locality.
Keywords: Travel destinations; residents; socio-economic impacts; Quang Ninh; Vietnam.
Obstacles in the Sustainable Development of Industry in

Ethnic Minorities’ Areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta
(Kien Giang and Can Tho)
Tham Trinh Chi(1), Nhuong Le Van(1), Kha Huynh Hoang(1), Hieu Le Van(1), Phuc Nguyen Thi Ngoc(1),
Tran Ngo Ngoc(1)
(1)
School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
* Correspondence: tctham@ctu.edu.vn
Abstract: Promoting the development of industrial economies sustainably in the areas where ethnic
minorities are living is one of key goals in Vietnam as this supports to create a balanced development
amongst ethnic groups as well as regions. During industrialization era, combining sustainable
industrial engagement with the development of ethnic minority can be considered as indispensable
need. This study has analyzed some main obstacles in the sustainable development of industry in the
localities where ethnic minority people have been living in Can Tho city and Kien Giang province and
proposed some solutions. Based on the mixed method, the research data was collected through
studying documents, conducting survey, carrying out interview and taking field trip. The research
results have shown three major issues that were concluded from data analysis. Firstly, although it is
much potential, the industrial activities in some areas where ethnic minorities have been living in
selected localities are still underdeveloped. Secondly, some obstacles including low in literacy rate and
labor qualification, lack of capital and technology investment, limitation of infrastructure, lack of
market information and government policy; and the dispersion of industries were analyzed in order to
judge how challenging in developing industrial economies in the localities. Finally, a number of
solutions have been proposed to support the development of industry in the local areas consisting of
training some appropriate professions to the local situation, giving loan with low interest rates, advising
34 | E D E S U S
on local industrial development, upgrading transportations system and disseminating and enforcing
government policies.
Keywords: Ethnic minority; industry; obstacle; sustainable development; Can Tho; Kien Giang.
Fostering Sustainable Development by Eliminating

Gender Stereotypes in Career Choice
Thuy Hang Truong(1)*, Kim Anh Duong(1)
(1)
Vietnam Women’s Academy, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: truongthuyhang@vwa.edu.vn
Abstract: Eliminating gender stereotypes and gender inequality has been one of the key global
priorities, especially since the United Nations’ adoption of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda in
September 2015. Sustainable Development Goal No.4 (SDG4) to ensure inclusive and equitable quality
education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all emphasizes the need to eliminate gender
inequality in education, to ensure the rights to choose and the rights for equal access for all learners. As
such, it is necessary to eliminate gender barriers in education, including gender stereotypes in career
choice. The questions are: what are the gender stereotypes in career choice? What are the factors
influencing gender stereotypes in career choice? What are the solutions to eliminate gender stereotypes
in career choice to address gender inequality in education, contributing to sustainable development?
Using gender sensitive analysis and gender-responsive and rights-based approach (GRRA), authors
point out that gender stereotypes exist in career choice. There are some main factors influencing gender
stereotypes in career choice of high school pupils, including: family, school, media and the feelings of
career relevance of the pupils themselves. Based on the analysis results, the authors propose specific
recommendations, contributing to the elimination of gender stereotypes in career choice, contributing to
sustainable development of people and society.
Keywords: Gender stereotypes; career choice; gender; sustainable development; SDG4.
Integrating Sustainable Development into National Policy:

The Practice of Vietnam
Vo Thanh Son(1)*
VNU Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CRES), Vietnam National University,
(1)
Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: thanhson.vo@gmail.com
Abstract: By 2015, the United Nations have adopted the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda with 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to further promote sustainable development in the world, with
particular emphasis on the importance of integrating sustainable development into each nation's
development policy. This paper is an attempt to review the process of sustainable development in
Vietnam in terms of institutional arrangement and related policies. By reviewing the framework for
integrating sustainable development dimensions into development policies in the world, the paper
assesses the initial results of integrating sustainable development into national socio-economic
development strategies and plans by the goals and priorities of sustainable development as well as by
its dimensions or components in Vietnam. The paper also addresses the main challenges and constraints
35 | E D E S U S
as the shortage of technical guidance to integrate sustainable development into development policies
and the lack of resources needed.
Keywords: Sustainable development; sustainable development goals; millennium development goals;
integration of sustainable development; development policy.
Building Human Capital for Sustainable Development:

Experience from Some East Asia Countries and Policy
Implications for Vietnam
Trong Nguyen Thanh(1)*, Ly Pham Thi(1)
(1)
University of Economics and Law, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
* Correspondence: trongnt@uel.edu.vn
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to determine the role of human capital and experience in
building human capital for sustainable development in some East Asian countries, and providing some
policy implications for Vietnam. The paper presents a number of theories and empirical studies on the
relationship between human capital and sustainable development to clearly see the role of human
capital and sustainable development both theoretically and practically. The study conducted a bivariate
correlation analysis, based on Spearman coefficients between Sustainable Development Goals (SDG),
Human Development Index (HDI) and Human Capital Index (HCI) to determine the relationship
between sustainable development and human capital in East Asia and Southeast Asia.
Keywords: Human capital, Sustainable development, Education, East Asia, Vietnam.
36 | E D E S U S
SECTION 3. Resources and Global Changes
37 | E D E S U S
Mapping Marine Functional Zoning for the Northern
Tonkin Coastal Zone, Vietnam
Bui Thi Thanh Huong(1)(*), Nguyen Van Hong(2), Nguyen An Thinh(3), Nguyen Hieu(4)
(1) VNU University of Education, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2) Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
(4) VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: buithanhhuong.vn@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: The coastal zone of Northern Tonkin is placed in the Northwest of the Gulf of Tonkin, located
on the international maritime road, with rich natural resources, great advantage for developing many
marine economic sectors, many seaports and maritime services. Base on geographic approach in coastal
space zoning and some law regulations and the legal provisions in Article 33 of the Law on Natural
Resources and Environment of the Sea and Islands, Circular No. 74/2017 / TT-BTNMT promulgated
December 29, 2017, regulating some techniques on integrated coastal management (ICM) for
exploiting and sustainable use of natural resources, statistical data, field data, remote sensing data
combined with marine functional zoning methods, maps of marine functional zoning for Northern
Tonkin Coastal Zone (Vietnam) was built as follows: (1) protected and conservational area, (2) saving
usage natural resources area, (3) active usage natural resources area, (4) security and safety area.
Keywords: Marine functional zoning (MFZ); Tonkin coastal zone; Integrated Coastal Management
(ICM); Vietnam
Rainfall Regime and Its Impact on Water Resources on Ly

Son Island, Central Vietnam
Bui Xuan Thong(1)*, Nguyen Van Dan(2), Nguyen Ngoc Ha(3), Van Phu Hung(1)
(1) Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2) Institute of Resources and Environmental Water, Hanoi, Vietnam
(3) National Center for Water Resources Planning and Investigation, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: buixuanthonghunre@gmail.com
Abstract: Ly Son island have a special economic and national security role in Vietnam. However, in
recent years, Ly Son faces a shortage of fresh water and salinity intrusion due to the overexploitation of
underground water. This article is the latest research on the rainfall regime and its impact on water
resources on Ly Son island. Based on time series data of rainfall collected during the period of 1985 -
2015 of the Ly Son Marine Meteorological island Station (15023’N;109009’E), the authors have calculated
all the statistical values of rainfall such as maximum rainfall, maximum of daily and monthly
precipitation and its tendency for the various periods of series data between 1985 - 2015. Using water
balance equations and results computing of all maximum values of rainfall, the authors have computed
all surface runoff, respectively. The mean annual precipitation for the period of 1985 - 2015 was 2278.8
mm. In the rainy months, the rainfall was 1779.6 mm occupied 78.1% of the whole year. Over the area of
Ly Son island of 10.4 km2 the estimated potential yield of rainfall was 14.17 x 106 m3/year while for the
whole year, Ly Son island needs only 6.422 x 106 m3 of fresh water. From that we can suggest that if
there are appropriate measures for collecting rainfall in rainy season and all the days having abnormal
rainfall the scarcity of water resource will be ameliorated on Ly Son island.
Keywords: Water resources; maximum rainfall; surface runoff; Ly Son island.
38 | E D E S U S
Factors Affecting Community Forest Management in Ha
Giang Province, Vietnam
Dao Thi Thu Trang(1)*
(1)
* Correspondence: daothutrang.pd@gmail.com
Abstract: With the current deforestation in the world, to save the earth and forest resources, residents
need to have a long-term strategy for their management and conservation. A form of forests
management that has been applied in Vietnam as well as several countries in Asia is model of
community forests management. This model was initially promoted its effectiveness in improving the
lives of residents and restricting rampant logging, reducing forests overexploitation. Community
forests management is a forest management methods based on traditional knowledge and experience of
community aspirations, aims to enhance capacity and strengthen partnerships to share experience and
community stakeholders in order to manage resources sustainably and contribute to improving the
material life, spiritual, cultural and ethnic communities living in and near forests. This study focused on
the factors affecting the community forests management in Ha Giang through the subjective opinions of
the respondents. Then, it identifies what the factors that have been done better and the factors need to
complete in order to improve the community forests management here. From the data collected, tested
scales, factor analysis, the paper has constructed a linear regression model. The study results are also
valid recommendations for organizations looking to develop appropriate strategies to achieve effective
community forests management in Ha Giang.
Keywords: Community forests management; Likert 5; ANOVA analysis; Ha Giang; Vietnam.
Impacts of Urban Expansion on Landscape Pattern

Changes: A Case Study of Da Nang City, Vietnam
Do Thi Viet Huong(1)*, Bui Thi Thu(1), Nguyen Bac Giang(1), Nguyen Hoang Khanh Linh(2)
(1)
University of Sciences - Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
(2)
International School - Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
* Correspondence: dtvhuong@hueuni.edu.vn
Abstract: The paper deals with an integration of remote sensing, GIS and landscape metric indices to
employ the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban expansion and to explore the impacts of urban
expansion on landscape pattern changes in Da Nang city, Vietnam from 1996 to 2015. Key landscape
change indices were selected to characterize the urban landscape patterns at the landscape and class
level. Several critical urbanization indicators were being developed: urban resident’s ratio, urban
resident’s density, non-agriculture GDP proportion, and non-agriculture labor ratio. The impacts of
urbanization on urban landscape changes were determined through analyzing the correlation between
the urbanization indicators and landscape change indicators. The results indicate that the built-up area
has been increased by 8,187.18 ha in an average expansion area of 430.90 ha per year. The urban
landscape has undertaken a complicated transformation in landscape structure and composition of
which there was the conversion mainly from agriculture land to built-up land. Spatial distribution of
different patches became more separated, complex, and irregular and the patch types became more
fragmented. The significant relationship between urbanization indicators and landscape change
indicators indicated that the intensity of human activities were decisive factors for the urban
development.
Keywords: urban expansion; landscape pattern changes; landscape metrics; Da Nang; Vietnam.
39 | E D E S U S
An Assessment of Pollution Load Capacity of Son La
Hydropower Reservoir in the Northwest Mountains of
Vietnam
Do Xuan Duc(1)*, Luu Duc Hai(1), Do Huu Tuan(1)
(1)
VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: dxduc.ces@gmail.com
Abstract: Son La hydropower reservoir is the largest reservoir in the Northwest region of Vietnam on
the Da River, its water surface area, length, capacity and average water level are 225 km2, 120 km, 9.26
billion m3, and 215 m respectively. The basin which provides water for Son La hydropower reservoir
has an area of 11,075 km2, including 16 districts and cities and over 100 communes and wards in
provinces of Son La, Dien Bien, Lai Chau, and Yen Bai. Water resources within the basin play a decisive
role in the water environment composition, biological structure of the wetland ecosystem in Son La
hydropower reservoir. Economic, social and humanitarian activities in the above basin area have direct
and indirect impacts on the reservoir water environment. This study calculates the pollution load
capacity of Son La hydropower reservoir with nine parameters of pollutants from the basin including
(DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, Fe, NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-), basing on the water levels and reservoir capacity
when operating Son La hydropower factory.
Keywords: pollution load; hydropower reservoir; Son La; Northwest Mountains of Vietnam
An Approach for Prioritising Climate Change Mitigation

Measures: A Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City
Doan Quang Tri(1)*, Pham Thanh Long(2), Vuong Xuan Hoa(3), Ngo Thanh Tam(1)
(1) Vietnam Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration, Hanoi,
Vietnam
(2) Sub-Institute of Hydrometeorology and Climate Change, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
(3) Institute of Hydrometeorology and Climate Change, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: doanquangtrikttv@gmail.com
Abstract: Prioritizing climate change mitigation measures could help to identify most feasible or most
nationally appropriated mitigation actions. This process can also provide important inputs for the
development of national climate change strategies or policies. The paper applies Delphi method to
prioritize criteria for potential climate change mitigation technology in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The
consultation process has been done with 10 experts in only two cycle to reach Kendall (W) value over
0.5. Then, 21 selected criteria have been used for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in
prioritizing mitigation options in energy, industrial processes, road transport, residential, commercial,
aviation and waste sectors in Ho Chi Minh City. Mitigation options with highest scores will be
proposed in Ho Chi Minh City’ Action Plan to implement Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
Keywords: Climate change mitigation; Delphi method; MRV; Ho Chi Minh City.
40 | E D E S U S
Developing Agricultural Production of Ethnic Minority
Households in the Context of Climate Change (Lak
District, Dak Lak Province, Central Highland of Vietnam)
Duong Thi Ai Nhi(1)*, Truong Van Thao(1)
(1)
* Correspondence: nhidhtn@yahoo.com
Abstract: Climate change has made agricultural production of ethnic minority households in Lak
district, Dak Lak province facing many difficulties and challenges. Qualitative and quantitative research
methods were used for analysis. The results of the research showed that developing agricultural
production of ethnic minority households are affected by natural conditions, infrastructure economy,
socio-culture and customs and government policies as well as internal resource factors. The article also
proposed some solutions for developing agricultural production of ethnic minority households in the
study site focusing on strengthening linkages in production and consumption, changing crop structure
in accordance with the climate change context on the basis of promoting local availability.
Keywords: Agricultural production; climate change; ethnic minority; Lak district; Dak Lak province.
Detecting Flash Flood Susceptible Areas Using Multi-

Criteria Decision Making Model: A Case Study of Thai
Nguyen Province, Vietnam
Duong Thi Loi(1)*, Phạm Anh Tuan(2), Nguyen Van Manh(3)(4)
(1) Hanoi National University of Education, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2) Tay Bac University, Son La, Vietnam
(3) National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
*Correspondence: duongloi1710@gmail.com
Abstract: In this study, Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI) integrated with Geographic Information
System (GIS) to determine the susceptible areas based on the pre-event characteristics in the study area.
Five different physical characteristics that relate to flash flood potentials such as slope, land use land
cover, soil texture, forest canopy density, and drainage density were selected to calculate the index
maps. Each index was classified from 1 to 10 by identifying their influence levels with the presence or
absence of flash flood. As a result, the most susceptible areas were given value at 10 while the least
susceptible areas were assigned a value at 1. These indices were then mapped and integrated into a
weighted linear model. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the weighted
correlation among elements based on their importance to this phenomenon. Weighted Flash Flood
Potential Index (WFFPI) was generated based on the individual indices from Slope index, Soil index,
Land use cover index, Forest Canopy Density index, and Drainage Density index. The final results
described visually the spatial distribution of flash flood potential in the study area. Accordingly, the
susceptible areas with this phenomenon were divided into four levels including very high, high,
moderate and low.
Keywords: Flash flood; Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI); GIS; run-off.
41 | E D E S U S
Implementing Agricultural Land Use Solutions to Adapt
Climate Change in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Huong Thi Hoang(1)*, Nam Phuong Pham (2)
(1)
Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam

(2)
* Correspondence: huong.ht@vnu.edu.vn
Abstract: The paper presents theoretical issues related to climate change, agricultural land use, and the
impact of climate change on agricultural land use in the Mekong Delta. The research used comparative
method and assessment method to point out the difficulties and challenges of climate change for
agricultural land use as a basis for proposing solutions for effective and sustainable agricultural land
use with climate change adaptation. As of June 2016, 13/13 provinces and cities in the region had been
declared affected by natural disasters, drought and saline intrusion. Drought and saline intrusion
caused about 139,000 hectares of paddy rice to be damaged with more than 50% of the area lost, causing
about 215 billion VND loss and making about 400,000 households (1.5 million people) lack of water
with an estimated total loss of nearly 7,520 billion VND. The proposed solutions included perfecting
policies and laws; changing varieties, crop structure and economic structure; Application of
achievements of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in agricultural land use; limiting climate change induced
factors; enhance the role of communities in the use of agricultural land adapted to climate change;
complete the planning; building synchronous infrastructure and financial guarantee to implement
solutions to adapt to climate change.
Keywords: Agricultural land use; adaptation solutions; climate change; Mekong Delta; Vietnam.
Geothermal Renewable Energy in Vietnam: A Current

Status Overview and Proposing Solutions for
Development
Van Hiep Hoang(1)*, Van Tich Vu(1), Trong Thang Tran(2), Xuan Anh Pham(3), Thanh Tung Phan(1)
(1) VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2) Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam
(3) Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (Petrovietnam), Hanoi, Vietnam.
* Correspondence: hiephv@hus.edu.vn
Abstract: Climate change and energy are two of the biggest challenges in the world and Vietnam today.
To resolve the mentioned above problem, especially the energy shortage, studying renewable energy
systems is becoming necessary. This paper investigates the current status of renewable geothermal
energy in Vietnam. This study focuses on determining the heat source based on geo-thermometric
calculations of K+ - Na+ cations from thermal water in the most 18 potential geothermal sources (in the
northern part of Vietnam) in combination with the assessment of groundwater potential by the
hydrogeological survey. With the deep temperatures of reservoirs are varied from 136oC to 170oC,
these geothermal resources can be developed for electricity generation of the capacities from 4.2 MWe to
17.4 MWe. Total electric generation capacity from 18 geothermal prospects is estimated to be about 170
MWe. Furthermore, the comparison of the policy towards renewable energy and people’s feedback is
illustrated.
Keywords: geothermal energy, renewable energy, Natural resources, Vietnam, development barriers.
42 | E D E S U S
Study on stand structure of secondary mangrove forest;
Sonneratia caseolaris - Aegicerus corniculatum stand for
introducing silvofishery systems to shrimp-culture ponds
Kazuya Takahashi(1)*, Tran Thi Tuyen(1), Nguyen Trong Linh(1), Sam Van Tu(1)
(1)
School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Vinh University, Nghe An, Vietnam
* Correspondence: kazu.takahashi.63@gmail.com
Abstract: Secondary mangrove stand; Sonneratia caseolaris - Aegicerus corniculatum in the canal network
adjacent to the shrimp-culture ponds at the Lam River estuary was surveyed. Main objective of this
study is to elucidate the relationship between species distribution and flooded duration by brackish
water to apply for designing of silvofishery systems to the shrimp-culture ponds. Land height from
datum line and mean inundated duration range from 1.1 m to 1.9 m and from 9.0 hours day-1 to 19.6
hours day-1, respectively. The stand mainly contains three or more herbaceous species (associate
species; Cyperus malaccensis, Acanthus spp. and one non-mangrove species; Phragmites australis) other
than two woody species. Zones of C. malaccensis and Acanthus spp. distributing are overlapped in height
and mean inundated duration, ranging from 1.1 m to 1.4 m, from 16.7 hours day-1 to 19.6 hours day-1
and from 1.2 m to 1.4 m, from 16.7 hours day-1 to 18.7 hours day-1, respectively. Since it is reported that
Acanthus has more potential to retain nutrients than woody mangrove species, and C. malaccensis called
mat grass is an economic valued plant, mangrove buffers with herbaceous species to silvofishery
systems in this area are recommended.
Keywords: Silvofishery system; mangrove forest; herbaceous species.
Quality Assurance System in the Fish Supply Chain: The

Case of Pangasius Industry in the Mekong River Delta,
Vietnam
Khoi Le Nguyen Doan(1)*
(1)
Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
*Correspondence: lndkhoi@ctu.edu.vn
Abstract: Quality assurance systems have become of increasing concern for suppliers in both developed
and developing countries. Pangasius produced in Vietnam often do not fulfil the expectations of
Western consumers with respect to the desired quality. Small-holders are not acquainted with the
wishes and demands of the foreign consumers of the products, and therefore cannot gear their
production methods towards the desired product quality. Moreover, fish production chains do not
always operate efficiently and effectively, adding an additional hurdle to successful market penetration.
The scientific challenge with respect to the improvement of the quality performance of Pangasius
supply chains implies the structural incorporation of the important elements in the process of food
production, which are based on current scientific research for quality-orientated product development.
In this paper, a novel tool called QACCP (Quality Assurance Critical Control Points) is introduced to
support supply chain management in taking appropriate technological actions in a food chain to realize
a desired consumer-orientated quality performance. QACCP is an extended concept of HACCP
focusing on the management of quality assurance. QACCP is of another dimension than HACCP
because HACCP is limited to the prevention of ‘negative’ quality aspects (physical, chemical and
microbial hazards) whereas QACCP also encompasses ‘positive’ quality aspects.
Keywords: quality assurance; fish supply chain; Pangasius, Mekong River Delta, Vietnam.
43 | E D E S U S
Evaluation the effectiveness of sheath blight disease
controlling on rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani in green
house condition by applying some biofungicides
Ha Thi Thanh Tuyen(1), Luu Ba Hoa(1)*
(1)
Kien Giang University, Kien Giang, Vietnam
*Correspondence: lbhoa@vnkgu.edu.vn
Abstract: This research was conducted at green house of Plant Protection Department, College of
Agriculture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University. The aim of this study find out the timing
application of biofungicides (Validan 5SL and Trico-DHCT) for best effectiveness in controlling sheath
blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani) on rice. The result found that all of the bio-fungicide treatments were
capable of controlling sheath blight disease on rice in green house condition with different levels.
Among these bio-agents, Trico-DHCT treatment sprayed before pathogen inoculation was to take a
higher disease controlling effectiveness than the other treatments.
Keywords: Sheath blight disease; controlling disease; biofungicide.
Consideration on the Use Sentinel-1 Radar Image and GIS

for Flood Mapping in the Lai Giang River Basin of Binh
Dinh Province (Central Coast Vietnam)
Ngo Anh Tu(1)*, Grivel Stéphane(2), Nguyen Huu Xuan(1), Phan Van Tho(1)
(1)
Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
(2)
Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire-Paris, France
* Correspondence: ngoanhtu@qnu.edu.vn
Abstract: The research of building a flood mapping in Lai Giang basin of Binh Dinh province in 2016 on
the use Sentinel-1 radar image and GIS, initially determines the construction of flooded square in the
studied area based on the results of the process of scattering water value threshold, extracting flooded
areas on the radar image. This flood mapping is combined with the depth measured from the flood in
2016 traces to apply GIS techniques to create of flood depth map. The results of the study provide a new
way of quickly creating flood maps from radar satellite images.
Keywords: Flood mapping; Sentinel-1 radar image; GIS; Lai Giang river basin; Central Coast Vietnam.
Studying Shoreline Change in Ky Anh Coastal Area of Ha

Tinh Province during 1989-2013 based on the Digital
Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS)
Nguyen An Thinh (1)*
(1)
Abstract: In the context of global climate change and sea level rise, studying shoreline changes is aimed
at not only determining the important engineering techniques but also dealing with challenges in multi-
disciplinary data integration. It becomes interests of many researchers, local government and local
44 | E D E S U S
stakeholders. In order to identify the trend of changes, there are various effective models and systems
designed and developed. One of them is the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) integrated in a
geographical information system (GIS), developed by the USGS. The DSAS is applied for monitoring
the shoreline changes in the district of Ky Anh, Ha Tinh province from 1989 to 2013. The research
results consist of determining the shoreline positions during the study period based on using Landsat
images; the quantification of the erosion and accretion relationship between 1989 and 2013 in different
topographical segments; and a map of affected areas where the shoreline is equal to the high-tide water
line. Results, which were updated to the internet, would offer the decision makers, researchers and local
communities to be benefits of monitoring shoreline change and to help have quickly response to the
abrupt change in the area.
Keywords: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS); shoreline change; erosion; accretion; Ky Anh
coastal area.
How Do Yao Farmers Cope with Extreme Weather Events

with Their Indigenous Knowledge? A Case Study of Mo
Vang Mountains (Yen Bai, Vietnam)
Nguyen An Thinh(1)*
(1)
Abstract: This paper addresses the role of Yao indigenous knowledge in extreme weather events
management, focus on heavy rainfall and drought. It is documented that Yao farmers have used a
variety of information sources to manage climate risks in Mo Vang commune, Van Yen district, Yen Bai
province. Data were obtained from both secondary sources and primary sources. The secondary sources
are mainly from the reports, the previous researches and the primary sources are from Focus Group
Discussion (FGD), key informants through interview and questionnaire survey. Yao indigenous
knowledge in extreme weather events management is necessary for the climate risk management and
health of the natural environment and its inhabitants. Some farmers in this area rely on indigenous
knowledge that utilize environmental information such as wind formation, cloud formation, insect
behavior as climate monitoring tools. The Yao people also summary adaptation strategies to extreme
weather events of IK in farming production. The indigenous knowledge are transferred from one
generation to another. However, Yao people recently have applied the scientific knowledge in extreme
weather events management as well as farming production.
Keywords: Yao people; extreme weather event; resource management; indigenous knowledge
Multilevel Governance Roles in Land Use Change: Lessons

for REDD+ from the Case Study in Nghe An Province,
Vietnam
Nguyen Dinh Tien(1)*
(1)
* Correspondence: ndtien.up@gmail.com
Abstract: Multilevel governance (MLG) is discussed in relation to influences over land use and forests,
to identify who makes decisions, how those decisions are made, and the interaction between multiple
levels and sectoral offices of government. Since 1994, the government system in Vietnam was
45 | E D E S U S
deconcentrated, with established lower level governments - provincial, district and commune - largely
carrying out national directives. Forests fall under the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development (MARD) whereas natural resources and land are the responsibility of the Ministry
of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE). There are conflicting interests and weak
coordination between agencies and conflicting objectives between the agriculture and forestry sectors.
Findings from the study identify the provincial government as a key decision making body, relative to
the commune and district. The province sets out overall land use planning, subject to central
government approval, while commune and district governments are important for identifying and
resolving accountability issues surrounding land use decisions. The commune government’s role is as
an intermediary for higher level government decisions as well as being mandated to bring the voices of
local people to the district level. Nevertheless, lower level governments’ ability to achieve these
functions are constrained by weak capacity and technical skills, and limited human and financial
resources as well as their ability to influence decisions of those in higher government both in
implementation and for resolving local concerns. The research suggests that the outcomes of forest and
land use policies are strongly driven by (i) will, interest and attitudes of influential actors to promote
forests over other land use goals, (ii) the effectiveness of coordination and coalitions amongst those
actors and between these actors and local communities; and (iii) local people’s understanding of pros
and cons of these land uses, and their confidence and right to accept or reject these land use changes.
Keywords: Multilevel Governance, REDD+, Land use, Nghe An
Technical Efficiency of Irrigation Water Use of Robusta

Coffee Production in the Dong Nai river basin (Vietnam):
A case study of Lam Dong province
Nguyen Dinh Tien(1) *, Tran Nhat Lam Duyen(2), Nguyen An Thinh(1), Nguyen Truc Le(1)
(1)
(2)
VNU School of Interdisciplinary Study, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: ndtien.up@gmail.com
Abstract: Recent prolonged dry periods and lack of irrigation water have severely affected the
productivity of coffee farms’ in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. This paper analyzes the efficiency of
irrigation water use for Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) in Lam Dong province. A Cobb-Douglas
production function was used to determine coffee productivity’s response to the application of
irrigation water and other production factors using data collected from 194 farmers while the Technical
Efficiency (TE) and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE) were analyzed using a Data Envelopment
Analysis (DEA) model. The production function analysis using Cobb-Douglas shows that the volume of
irrigation water, amount of working capital, labor and farm size significantly influence coffee
productivity. It also shows that indigenous farmers are more efficient in utilizing irrigation water than
the (mostly Kinh) migrant farmers. The study findings further suggests that preventing and mitigating
water shortages in coffee farms requires national policy support such as better access to credit and
extension services, training, land management and household-level effort to improve farming practices,
through the application of appropriate technologies and traditional knowledge.
Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); efficiency; irrigation water; Robusta coffee; Vietnam
46 | E D E S U S
Climate Change Vulnerability of Agriculture in Coastal
Communes of Quang Tri Province, Vietnam
Son Hoang Nguyen(1)*, Cham Dinh Dao(2)(3), Hang Anh Phan(4), Quan Trong Nguyen(1), Toai Anh Le(1)
(1) University of Education, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
(3) VAST Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
(4) University of Science, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
* Correspondence: nguyenhoangson@dhsphue.edu.vn
Abstract: Due to its long coastline, Vietnam is regarded as one of the countries seriously affected by
climate change. If the sea level rises by 1 meter, 40% of the Mekong Delta area, 10% of the Red River
Delta area will be flooded, directly affecting 20-30 million people. Particularly, in Quang Tri province,
the coastal area is the place where people mainly live on agriculture and they are at risk of being
severely affected by climate change. With the application of GIS and remote sensing, evaluating the
vulnerability of agricultural production activities in coastal communes in Quang Tri province becomes
more effective. The research process has identified the Sensitivity Index (S - Sensitivity) (including
traffic access index; the impacts of residential areas; the impacts of industrial zones; the level of
community dependence) , Exposure index (E - Exposure) (including sea level rise until 2100;
temperature change until 2100), Adaptive Capacity index (AC - Adaptive capacity) (including slope
index ; morphology), thereby synthesizing the vulnerability index due to the impacts of climate change
on agricultural production (V - Vulnerability to climate change).
Keywords: Climate change; vulnerability level; agricultural production; coastal; Quang Tri.
A GIS Application in Optimizing the Collection and

Transportation Route of Domestic Solid Waste in Hue
City, Vietnam
Chan Van Mai(1)(2), Son Hoang Nguyen(1)*, Cham Dinh Dao(3)(4), Tin Van Le(1), Hang Anh Phan(5)
(1) University of Education, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
(2) College of Environment and Planning of Henan University, Kaifeng city, Henan Province, China
(4) VAST Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
(5) University of Science, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Abstract: The collection and transportation of domestic solid waste in Hue city in particular and other
cities in Vietnam generally are still manually implemented, which requires a lot of manpower, costly
operation but gets low economic efficiency and management difficulties in return. This article with the
title of GIS application in optimizing the route of collecting and transporting domestic solid waste in
Hue city aims to shorten the maximum distance of waste collection and transportation in order to
reduce the number of waste trucks. From the research results, the number of daily trucks reduces by 7
from 20 trucks to 13 ones, which contributes to the dramatic reduction of collection and transportation
operation cost, saves manpower, and minimizes potential environmental issues.
Keywords: GIS; location allocation; vehicle routing problem; routing optimization; solid waste.
47 | E D E S U S
Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the Context of Climate
Change: Develop a Water Security Index for Water
Resources Management in Vietnam
Nguyen Mai Dang(1)*, Duong Tran Anh(2), Thanh Duc Dang(1)
(1)
(2)
Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
* Correspondence: dang@tlu.edu.vn
Abstract: Reasonable distribution of water for food and energy production is pivotal for economic
development, environmental protection, and social equality, and this task is becoming more
challenging. This is because the demand for water, food and energy has increased significantly recently
due to population growth, higher standards of living, and industrialization, especially in developing
countries like Vietnam. Agricultural activities in Vietnam account for about 20% of GDP, and the total
freshwater consumption is up to approximately 70% for the irrigation of agricultural cultivation,
making it the largest user of water. Food production and supply chain also consume about 20% of the
total energy production. Energy is required to produce, transport and distribute food as well as to
extract, pump, collect, transport and treat water. Consequently, Vietnam confronts with the problems of
water, food, and energy shortages if these links are not thoroughly addressed. Additionally, climate
change, causing the alteration of weather conditions, will exacerbate a range of risks to water, food and
energy. Study results to deliver a comprehensive review of water, food and energy nexus in Vietnam
and to propose using water security index and coupled water-energy-food modelling for better water
resources management plans in the context of climate change.
Keywords: Water-food-energy nexus; climate change; water resources management; water security;
Vietnam.
Comparison of Land Suitability Evaluation Methods for

Development Plan of Orange and Tea Trees in Western
Nghe An, Vietnam
Ha Nguyen Manh(1)*, Tuan Nguyen Thanh(2), Ngoc Hoang Thi Huyen(1), Dung Bui Quang(1), Huong
Vu Thi Thu(1)
(1)
VAST Institute of Geography, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2)
VAST Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Hanoi, Vietnam
*Correspondence: havdl72@gmail.com
Abstract: Conflicts of agricultural land use and the problem of stabilizing specialized cropland areas for
sustainable development of the mountainous economy can be improved through appropriate land
assessment to identify potentials and limitations. A number of land assessment methods have been
applied in Vietnam, each has its certain advantages and disadvantages when applied to each specific
case. This study was conducted to compare and verify the results of two ALES and LSE methods in
determining the appropriate area for orange trees and tea trees in Western Nghe An, Vietnam. 15
ecological criteria were used in assessing soil for orange cultivation and 10 criteria for evaluating land
for tea cultivation, divided into 3 parameters: parameters of climate, parameters of topography and
parameters of soil. The study results show that: if the evaluation process of ALES is robust in terms of
the limiting factors, the evaluation process of LSE by GIS-MCA platform proved to be superior in
determining define larger areas of relevance. Finally, the comprehensive adaptation assessment is a
48 | E D E S U S
combination of 3 criteria: ecological criteria, environmental criteria and socio-economic criteria. The
results indicate that 64,505.9 ha (4.69%) in Western Nghe An area a suitable for orange cultivation and
69,388.8 ha (5.05%) are very suitable for tea cultivation. Thus, the intentions of planning and expanding
the orange-specialized and tea-specialized areas can be fully met on the very appropriate land areas.
Keywords: Land suitability; LSE software; Western Nghe An; Vietnam
An Integrated Approach for Saltwater Intrusion

Monitoring based on Remote Sensing combined with
Multivariable Analysis: A Case Study of Coastal Zone in
Southern Vietnam
Quoc Huy Nguyen(1)*, Tien Yin Chou(2), Mei Ling Yeh(2), Thanh Van Hoang(2), Xuan Linh Nguyen(1),
Huyen Ai Tong(3), Quang Thanh Bui(4)
(1) PhD program in Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
(2) GIS Research Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
(3) Space Technology Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
(4) Faculty of Geography, Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: st_huy@gis.tw
Abstract: Saltwater intrusion is a basic concern in many parts of Vietnam relative to long-term
dependable water supplies. It affects many sides of human life and the ecosystem. Remote sensing is a
useful tool for saltwater intrusion monitoring. In this study, we proposed an integrated approach to
estimate EC (Electrical Conductivity) value from multi-temporal optical remote sensing data for
monitoring saltwater intrusion of coastal zone in southern Vietnam. Multiple variable analysis was used
to discover the relation between EC and different indices groups which were extracted from LANDSAT
satellite images, including: original bands group, PCA (principle component analysis) group, brightness
group, vegetation group, salinity group, ratio group and combined group. All results were validated by
field survey data. This research indicated that group of combined indices from LANDSAT (EC6) had
the highest correlation to EC index with R2 = 0.77 and could be used for multi-temporal saltwater
intrusion monitoring. A set of maps from 2005 to 2019 were established for Ben Tre province where is
one of coastal zones in southern Vietnam to support policy manager to make decision for reducing
damage from saltwater intrusion.
Keywords: saltwater intrusion; remote sensing; multiple variable analysis; Mekong Delta; Vietnam.
Diversity of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the

Hoang Lien - Van Ban Nature Reserve (Lao Cai, Vietnam):
Implications for Local Livelihood Improvement and
Biodiversity Conservation
Nguyen Thi Phuong(1)*, Nguyen An Thinh(2)
(1) VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam National University, Vietnam
* Correspondence: phuongtnmclc@gmail.com
Abstract: Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) play an important role in rural livelihoods. Local people
living in and around the protected forests depend on a variety of non-timber forest products to make a
49 | E D E S U S
living and generate income. This paper gives an overview of the diversity of NTFPs in Hoang Lien -
Van Ban Nature Reserve, focusing on medicinal plants and food. We collect data on NTFPs using
through ethnobotanical inventory with semi-structural, free listing, and household socio-economic
interviews. With the voucher collection, the interviews are supplemented with the voucher collection. It
is hypothesized that there is no significant difference between the number of bamboo shoots and their
contribution to household income between the studied villages. A rapid vulnerability assessment (RVA)
was conducted to identify vulnerable and threatened species. Through study a total of 256 species of
medicinal plants have been discovered in Hoang Lien - Van Ban Nature Reserve. Among them, 193
species have identified scientific names to species, 59 species have been identified to genera and 4
species have been identified to their families to be used as NTFPs of local people. The results show that
there is a significant difference in NTFP collection and sale affecting household income between
villages. However, the contribution from NTFP collection to per capita income is very low, and they are
mainly used in households. Vulnerability assessment shows that most drug species are moderately
vulnerable and most foods species have less vulnerable position. Sustainable harvesting and
management strategies should be in place to be implemented to prevent overexploitation of these
species.
Keywords: Biodiversity; Non-timber forest products (NTFPs); medicinal plants; livelihood; Hoang Lien
- Van Ban Nature Reserve; Lao Cai.
Quantify Forest Stand Volume Using SPOT 5 Satellite

Image
Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong(1)*, Luong The Phuong(2)
(1)
(2)
Regional 4 Sub Forestry Protection Department, Dak Lak, Vietnam
* Correspondence: huongthanh.frem@gmail.com
Abstract: Stand volume is one of important attributes in forest management and quantification of forest
resource value. This studies tested solutions to estimate forest stand volume for the large area using
SPOT 5 data and field data. Firstly, the forests were stratified into four 4 strata using Maximum
likelihood supervised classification methods based on SPOT5 and field data. A set of 111 sample plots
was distributed in these four forest strata which represented for disturbed forests under different levels
by human induced for tropical forest in Tuy Duc district of Daknong province. Within the sample plots,
DBH and tree height were measured to calculate stand volume using equation of stand volume from
the previous study. The method of kNN (k-Nearest neighbor) was applied to estimate the stand volume
using SPOT5 and field data. The estimates were tested on SPOT 5 bands, normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI), and combination of SPOT5 bands and NDVI for the whole area and for each
forest stratum. Quality of the predictions was assessed using leave one out cross validation method. The
results indicated that the accuracy of estimate was significantly improved when applying for each
stratum comparing to for the whole area both SPOT 5 and NDVI data. The lower errors were found in
the forest strata of less disturbances than the heavy degraded stratum. Among the image data, the
estimates were based on the NDVI giving the lower accuracy comparing to other.
Keywords: Remote sensing; forest strata; stand volume; K-nearest neighbour; RMSE
50 | E D E S U S
Evaluating Impact of Climate Change to Fishing
Productivity of Vietnam: An Application of Autoregressive
Distributed Lag (ARDL) Regression Model
Nguyen Thi Vinh Ha(1)*
(1)
* Correspondence: vinhha78@gmail.com
Abstract: Fisheries are most affected by climate change. Yet studies on impact of climate change to
fisheries in Vietnam are still limited. This paper uses production function with Autoregressive
Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression and finds out that fishing productivity in Vietnam is negatively
impacted by climate change. In the long run, if sea surface temperature increases by 1oC, fishing
productivity, as measured by catch per unit effort (CPUE), will decrease by 0.25 ton/CV. However,
CPUE does not statistically significantly alter if there are changes in precipitation and number of
storms.
Keywords: fishing productivity; climate change; impact assessment; Autoregressive Distributed Lag
(ARDL) regression.
Assessing Water Resource Use Efficiency based on the

Extended Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis (Dong
Nai River Basin, Vietnam)
Nguyen Truc Le(1), Nguyen An Thinh(1)*, Nguyen Thi Vinh Ha(1), Nguyen Dinh Tien(1), Nguyen Duc
Lam(1), Nguyen Van Hong(1), Nguyen Tat Tuan(3), Luc Hens(4)
(1) VNU-University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(2) VAST-Institute of Geography, Hanoi, Vietnam
(3) Centre for Water Resources Warning and Forecasting (CEWAFO), Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
(4) Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
Abstract: Population growth, economic development and changing consumption patterns in recent
years have been influenced on water resource use efficiency (WRUE). Therefore determining drivers of
WRUE requires interdisciplinary attentions including inter-sectoral and inter-regional water
relationships in the economy. This paper identifies the efficiency of water resource use of the Dong Nai
river basin using two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach that is a combination of the
regional water resource metabolic theory and the two-stage DEA model. The study results show that
transforming the economic development and sewage treatment both in the individual households and
industry sector have affected to the WRUE in the social subsystem. Sewage treatment for domestic and
industrial purpose currently only reaches 55% and 66%, respectively. It is necessary to control large-
scale cities in the DNRB because the large-scale cities were built during the rapid urbanization process
characterized by a low level of sewage treatment. Analyzing and comparing the WRUE and water
resource consumption structure of representative cities shows that the shortage of water resources has
negatively influenced the sustainable development of the socio-economic system in the sub-basins of
the DNRB. Moreover, the socio-economic system also influences to the WRUE. Therefore, the
relationship between the WRUE and the socio-economic development can be analyzed using the WRUE
in the social and economic subsystems. This study on WRUE provides a scientific base for decision
making of water resources use and management in the Dong Nai river basin.
Keywords: Water Resource Use Efficiency (WRUE); Water Security; Two-Stage Data Envelopment
Analysis (DEA); Dong Nai River Basin; Vietnam
51 | E D E S U S
An Experimental Study on Using Biogas Slurry to Improve
the Water Quality of Aqua-Culture Systems in Acid Sulfate
Soil Areas
Nhat Long Duong(1), Hoang Thanh Nguyen(1), Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen(1)*
(1)
Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
* Correspondence: nvcngan@ctu.edu.vn
Abstract: This study aimed to testing a new method to improve fishpond water quality in the acid
sulfate soil areas by using biogas slurry (BS). Two experiments were implemented onsite at the fishpond
to test for quantity of biogas slurry applied and fish growing status. In the 1st experiment, treatment of
75%BS had water pH increased from 3.3 to 6.5 after 1.5 months; DO values and Chlorophyll-a
concentrations were reasonably high (5.2 ppm and 143.05 µg/l). In the 2nd experiment, the daily weight
gain of Snake-skin gouramy (0.002 g/day) in treatment 1 were significantly lower than that in treatment
2 (0.051 g/day) and treatment 3 (0.049 g/day); however, the survival rate and the fish yield of fingerling
nursing in treatment 2 (22.19% and 270 kg/1,000 m2) were similar to those in treatment 3 (22.44% and
264 kg/1,000 m2). For Climbing perch, the daily weight gain of the fingerlings in treatment I (0.004
g/day) was significantly lower than those in treatment II (0.045 g/day) and in treatment III (0.048 g/day).
In conclusion, treatment 75%BS (153 m3/1,000 m2) is considered the best rate to improve water pH and
produce good yield of fish for farmer's income.
Keywords: Acid sulfate soil area; biogas slurry; fish nursing; water pH treatment.
Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion Vulnerability in the

Coastal Aquifers in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam
Quy Nhan Pham1, Thi Thoang Ta1, Thanh Le Tran1, Thi Thu Pham2, The Chuyen Nguyen2
(1) Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam
2 Center for water resources quality and protection (WARAPO), Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: pquynhan@hunre.edu.vn
Abstract: As the decline of the surface water source under climate change condition and human being
activities results, groundwater became the most important source of water supply for Ninh Thuan
province where known as one of the most arid region of Vietnam. The increasing of groundwater
extraction and sea level rise brought about increasing in seawater intrusion which became the biggest
concern for the groundwater resources of this coastal area, thus it is necessary to evaluate the saltwater
intrusion vulnerability in aquifers for planning and sustainable exploitation of groundwater in the
province. In this study, an overview of the previous fresh-saltwater interface studies and updated
geophysical investigation (Vertical Electrical Sounding - VES) was carried out to understand on the
situation or status of the salinity of groundwater. Besides, chemical compounds of water sources were
also analyzed to clarify the recharge sources and origin of saltwater in the aquifers. Based on collected
and field survey data, GALDIT method was used for an assessment of saltwater intrusion vulnerability
in the coastal aquifers of the study area with six factors incorporated are groundwater occurrence,
aquifer hydraulic conductivity, depth to groundwater level, distance from shore, impact of existing
seawater intrusion, and aquifer thickness. The weight of each GALDIT parameter was calculated by
analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on the results of surveys over 50 hydrogeological experts in
Vietnam to calculate the GALDIT index for the final saltwater intrusion vulnerability map of Ninh
Thuan coastal aquifers.
Keywords: Seawater intrusion; GALDIT method; climate change; groundwater extraction; Ninh Thuan
province.
52 | E D E S U S
Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Urban
Planning of Vietnamese Coastal Towns toward Sustainable
Development
Pham Thanh Huy(1)*
(1)
Institute of Tropical Architecture, Hanoi Architectural University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
* Correspondence: huyphamthanh1978@gmail.com
Abstract: The paper mentions the content of urban planning and sustainable development for
Vietnamese coastal towns adapting to climate change. Using some methodologies of the research such
as specialist method, method of investigation and assessment, etc. is order to summarize, investigate,
and analyze several existing urban structures of these coastal towns in the context of climate change,
then classifying these towns into some groups of urban characteristic in the research location like
seafront towns, littoral towns and coastal mangrove towns with some different criteria. The paper also
analyzes the impacts of climate change on urban structure and vice versa, integrating into sustainable
urban development. As a result, the methodology of systematization models is used in order to propose
three models of urban spatial structure and solutions of urban land use adapting to climate change for
the coastal towns toward sustainable development.
Keywords: Urban planning; climate change; adaptation; sustainable development; Vietnamese coastal
towns.
Mike Flood Application for Solving Inundation Issues for

Ho Chi Minh City in The Context of Climate Change: A
Case Study in the District 1
Pham Thanh Long(1)*, Tran Tuan Hoang(1), Nguyen Phuong Dong(1)
(1)
Sub-Institute of Hydrometeorology and Climate change, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
* Correspondence: longpham.sihymete@gmail.com
Abstract: In recent years, urban flooding has caused significant impacts on people's activities, socio-
economic development, environmental pollution and traffic congestion in the Ho Chi Minh City. There
are more and more extreme rain events in particular climate change context, along with the impacts of
sea level rise on the tides that increase the water level of canals and rivers, flooding has been occurred
heavily, even the roads without any rains. By using Mike flood model, intensity-duration-frequency
(IDF) curve is used for calculating the flooding level and time, taking the terrain, drainage system,
sewer and the size of a culvert in accounting for Ho Chi Minh City, a pilot for district 1. The results can
be used for technical infrastructure planning, construction of flood warning and forecasting models,
especially for flooding management in the connection with the smart city for Ho Chi Minh.
Keyword: Inundation; Climate change; Mike flood; Ho Chi Minh City.
53 | E D E S U S
Enhancing the Efficiency of Land Dispute Mediation for
Ethnic Minorities in Van Canh district (Binh Dinh,
Vietnam)
Hang Thi Pham(1)*, Doi Trong Nguyen(1), Hien Dieu Thi Bui(1), Thuy Le Thi Phan(1), Anh VuPham(1)
(1)
Quynhon University, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
* Correspondence: phamthihang@qnu.edu.vn
Abstract: This paper deals with the status of land disputes mediation at grassroots organizations for
ethnic minorities living in Van Canh district. Land disputes in Van Canh mountainous district are quite
complicated, in which the proportion of disputes related to ethnic minorities is quite high, mainly due
to disputes over forest land, rights boundary disputes. It originates from economic benefits and conflicts
between the ethnic minority households in the production and cultivation areas and the influence of
religious and customary law on people's life. Analyzing the fact of land dispute reconciliation and
studying customary laws and aspirations of local ethnic minorities are integral parts for local official
proposing solutions to improve the efficiency of land dispute settlement which relates to ethnic
minorities in the direction of effectively combining between the law and the customary law in the study
area.
Keywords: Land dispute; mediation; ethnic minority; Van Canh District; Vietnam
A Stakeholder Delphi Study on Local Communities

Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Area: Case
Study in An Duong District (Hai Phong, Vietnam)
Ha T.T. Pham(1)*
VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
(1)
*Correspondence: phamthithuha.hus@gmail.com
Abstract: Hai Phong, a coastal city in the Vietnam Red River Delta, is considered as one of the 10 most
threatened cities by climate change in the world. This paper presents the impacts of climate change
related to hazards and adaptation capacity of local communities of the An Duong district, Hai Phong
city. The study deals with applying a combination of Delphi technique and the PSR (Pressure- State -
Response) framework. The research established 18 questions and 18 statements were listed, indicating
the PSR components. Delphi questionnaires allows identifying the consensus among the respondents of
a stakeholder group with 40 panel members that involved in a two Round-Delphi process. The results
show that establishment of advanced agricultural production models, intensification of training courses
on farming techniques and response to climate change, the use of saving energy should be the main
responses in An Duong. The Kendall’s W value for the second round is 0.738, showing a “strong
agreement” and “high confidence” among the panel members. The Delphi results contribute to
ecosystem-based management, sustainability, and climate change resilient goals on local socio-
economic development.
Keywords: climate change, adaptation capacity, local communities, Delphi technique, PSR framework,
An Duong district, Hai Phong city.
54 | E D E S U S
Assessing Flash Flood Risks based on Analytic Hierarchy
Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS):
A Case Study of Hieu Catchment (Nghe An, Vietnam)
Tran Thi Tuyen(1)*, Hoang Thi Thuy(1)
(1)
School of Agriculture and Resources, Vinh University, Nghe An, Vietnam
*Correspondence: tuyentt@vinhuni.edu.vn
Abstract: Flash flood hazards from heavy rainstorms are common in Hieu catchment (Nghe An
province). This study presents a flash flood hazard assessment for Hieu catchment using the
combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS). A total of
seven parameters to control flash flood occurrence were calculated using AHP and overlaid in GIS.
Flash flood risk hazard map of Hieu catchment is divided into 5 risk levels: very high (2.01%), high
(20.32%), medium (43.78%), low (30.59%), very low (3.3%). A hazard map was produced to help local
authorities implement land use planning that reflects the hazards, and prepare to increase disaster
response capacity human and environmental resilience to flash floods.
Keywords: Flash food; hazard analysis; Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); Geographic Information
System (GIS); Hieu catchment; Nghe An; Vietnam.
Analysis and Prediction of Noise Pollution from Wind

Turbines: A Case Study of Loi Hai Wind Power Plant
(Ninh Thuan, Vietnam)
Cuong Tran Thien1(*), Huan Nguyen Quoc1, An Thinh Nguyen2, Minh Tran1
(1) Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
* Correspondence: tranthiencuong@hus.edu.vn
Abstract: The demand for electric power in Vietnam has increased over the past five years at annual
growth rates of 10% to 12%, and the challenge is to promote renewable energy sector. One of these
sustainable energy sources is to harness energy from the wind through wind turbines. However, a
significant hindrance preventing the widespread use of wind turbines in Vietnam is the noise they
produce, because noise significantly contributes to the annoyance experienced by residents living near
wind farms. The prediction of noise impacts for new wind farms is one of the many aspects of the
environmental impact assessment process in Vietnam. This paper deals with a predictive software
approach for the calculation and simulation of the acoustical noise produced by 11 wind turbines of Loi
Hai wind power plant in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam. In the software framework, several noise
resonance simulations of 11 wind turbines and National Highway No.1A have been performed, and
giving a first description of the results that can be achieved in terms of noise mapping in more complex
configurations of wind farm.
Keywords: Wind farms; noise pollution of wind turbine; noise impacts; prediction model; modeling.
55 | E D E S U S
An Environmental Zoning for Sustainable Development in
Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
Hang Anh Phan(1), Thang Van Le(1), Tuan Anh Tran(1), Son Hoang Nguyen(2)*
University of Science, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
(1)
University of Education, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam

(2)
Abstract: Based on the natural, socio-economic and environmental characteristics, Thua Thien Hue
province is divided into 6 environmental regions. They included of the environmental region of O Lau
river basin, environmental areas of A Sap river basin and upstream of Dakrong river, the environmental
region of Bo river basin, the environmental region of Huong river basin, and the environmental region
of Truoi river basin and the environmental region of Bu Lu river basin. Each region was divided into 3
sub-regions corresponding to upstream, middle, and downstream river basins. The study results are
considered scientific bases to propose solutions for socio-economic sustainable development for each
sub region in Thua Thien Hue province.
Keywords: Environmental zoning; sustainable development; environmental functions; GIS; Thua Thien
Hue.
Climate Change Vulnerability of Urban Development in

the Phanrang-Thapcham (Ninh Thuan, Vietnam)
Tuy Bao Van(1)*, Tho Tran Quang(2), Kien Nguyen The(3)
(1) HCM City University of Natural Resources and Environment, HCM City, Vietnam
(2) Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, HCM City, Vietnam
* Correspondence: bvtuy@hcmunre.edu.vn
Abstract: The impacts of climate changes and extreme weather events in recent years have destructive
impacts on urban development. Climate change increases in the frequency and severity of floods, and
as well aware, the impacts of flooding include loss of human life, damage to property, destruction of
roads, schools, hospitals, markets, irrigation channels, dams, destruction of crops, loss of livestock and
deterioration of health conditions due to waterborne diseases. As the consequence, all these effects will
have severe damage to urban development. This paper recognized key aspects of urban that could be
adversely affected by climate change, develop measures and standards for assessing the vulnerability to
urban, develop an urban database of the sensitive variables consistent with the vulnerable assessment
measures, and applied the criteria in a study of the vulnerability to Phanrang-Thapcham urban. Key
findings highlight approximately 50% of the area has a medium vulnerability, 10% of the area has a
high vulnerability. Areas along the Dinh river and the center area of the urban have a low vulnerability.
Keywords: Climate change; vulnerable assessment; impacts; urban; Phanrang-Thapcham; Vietnam
56 | E D E S U S

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The 1st International Conference on Economics, Development and

Sustainability (EDESUS 2019)

VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi

Proceeding of the 1st International Conference on

The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on

The Effect of Government Size on Economic Growth and

School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.

Analysis the Factors Affecting Satisfaction of the Quality

Fight against Counterfeit Goods Related to IP

Vietnam and “Non-market economy” in the U.S Anti-

An Analysis of Supply Response of Black Tiger Shrimp

Highly-Skilled Migration, Recognition and Motivation

Is Public Debt Good or Bad for Economic Growth? Fresh

Factors Affecting Depositors’ Behavior at commercial

Determining the Impact of Financial Development on the

(4) Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Hanoi, Vietnam

(5) State Audit Office of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam

The Research on Interpolation Methods and Fitting

(4) Yangzhou High School of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu, China

(6) Ministry of Education & Training, Hanoi, Vietnam

How Ethical Leadership Supports Voice Behavior:

Downstream Market Equilibrium and Optimal Policy for

Sustainable Agriculture for Hanoi City: An Application of

TAM THE - Key Factor in the Made in Vietnam Lean

FPT University Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam

Antecedents of Social Media Adoption: A Case Study of

University of Economics and Law, HCM city, Vietnam

Improving the Competitiveness for Enterprises in Brand

The Role of Official Development Assistance on the

University of Economics, Da Nang University, Da Nang, Vietnam

Improving the Managerial Performance in the Context of

Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Merger and Acquisition

Foreign Trade University, Hanoi, Vietnam

Website Marketing Activities in Healthcare Service Sector -

An Empirical Analysis of the Factors Influencing the

Trade facilitation and its impacts on Vietnam’s trade

(1) University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium

Improving the Position of Ethnic Minority Women through

Analyzing Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in the

Abstract: Community-based tourism (CBT) development in the Northwestern mountains of Vietnam

Factor Affecting Financial Sustainability of People’s Credit

Abstract: Financial Self-Sustainability (FSS) is one of the sustainable development indicators of

The Sustainable Development of Green Space in the

Wooden Funeral Sculptures of the Jrai and Bahnar in the

Educational Renovation in a Restructuring Society:

Carbon Footprint of Vietnam’s Small Urban Areas (A Case

Urban Exclusion: Theoretical Approaches and Emerging

Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Analyze

In Search of Solutions for the Governance of the Rights of

Socio-Economic Development towards Sustainable

Perennial Cropping System Development and Economic

Sustainable Agriculture Development in Vietnam

Current Status and Impact of Imbalance of Sex Ratio at

Obstacles in the Sustainable Development of Industry in

Fostering Sustainable Development by Eliminating

Integrating Sustainable Development into National Policy:

Building Human Capital for Sustainable Development:

(4) VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam

Rainfall Regime and Its Impact on Water Resources on Ly

Impacts of Urban Expansion on Landscape Pattern

An Approach for Prioritising Climate Change Mitigation

Detecting Flash Flood Susceptible Areas Using Multi-

(4) VAST Institute of Geography, Hanoi, Vietnam