2.

2 PURPOSED GROUP AND BUILDING COMPARTMENT

OBJECTIVE OF FIRE PROTECTION

TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE PROTECTION FROM FIRE HAZARD

TO BUILDING OCCUPANTS AND REDUCE DAMAGE TO
PROPERTY.

“ UNTUK MEMBERI PERLINDUNGAN SECUKUPNYA DARI BAHAYA

KEBAKARAN KEPADA PENGHUNI-PENGHUNI BANGUNAN DAN
MENGURANGKAN KEMUSNAHAN KEPADA HARTA BENDA. ”
WHAT IS PASSIVE PROTECTION SYSTEM ?

• THE MEANING OF ‘PASSIVE PROTECTION SYSTEM’ IS THE

ELEMENT IN A BUILDING STRUCTURE THAT
CAPABLE TO GO THROUGH WITH THEIR FUNTION WITH OR WITHOUT HUMAN ASSISTANCE
TO STOP THE FIRE FROM SPREAD IN A BUILDING
• “ UNSUR-UNSUR STRUKTUR SESUATU BANGUNAN YANG BERUPAYA UNTUK MELAKSANAKAN FUNGSINYA DENGAN
SENDIRI ATAU BERKEHENDAKKAN BANTUAN BAGI MEMBENDUNG ATAU MENYEKAT ASAP DAN API DERIPADA MEREBAK DI
DALAM BANGUNAN SEMASA KEBAKARAN”

• OR
• TO CONFINE FIRE/SMOKE AND LIMIT/SLOW THEIR SPREAD THROUGHOUT A BUILDING, USE
OF DEVICES SUCH AS FIRE RESISTANT WALLS, DOORS AND FLOORS.

• PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS DO NOT REQUIRE TURNING ON, OR POWER, GAS OR
WATER TO OPERATE. THEY ARE ALWAYS 'ON' (CANNOT BE TURNED 'OFF') AND ARE INHERENT
TO THE STRUCTURE OF A BUILDING.
 5 MAIN AREAS @ ELEMENTS OF PFP

1. PURPOSE GROUPS AND COMPARTMENTS

2. BUILDING COMPARTMENTS.
3. FIRE APPLIANCES ACCESS.
4. FIRE SAFETY WALLS AND FLOORS.
5. BUILDING STRUCTURAL EG: WALL, FLOOR, CEILING, COLUMN.
6. MEANS OF ESCAPE TO EXITS.

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

1. DESIGNATION OF PURPOSE GROUPS

• PURPOSE GROUPS (UBBL 134) CATEGORIES BUILDINGS OR

COMPARTMENTS WITHIN A BUILDING IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THEIR USES OR THE DOMINANT USE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH 5TH SCHEDULE.
• IS A FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATION OF THE RELEVANT
SECTIONS OF UBBL IN ESTABLISHING MIN. STANDARDS THAT
NEED TO BE COMPLIED IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE A
SATISFACTORY LEVEL OF LIFE SAFETY.

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

• 5TH SCHEDULE OF UBBL 1984, BUILDING ARE DESIGNED
INTO SEVERAL TYPES :-
I : SMALL RESIDENTIAL Sleeping accommodation -
extra danger in the event of
II : INSTITUTIONAL
fire
III : OTHER RESIDENTIAL

IV : OFFICE
V : SHOP
Non-Sleeping
VI : FACTORY accommodation
VII : PLACE OF ASSEMBLY
VIII : STORAGE AND GENERAL
rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed
 PG I: SMALL RESIDENTIAL
Private dwelling house

Bungalow house

Semi-Detached house

Terrace house
rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed
 PG II : INSTITUTIONAL
(FOR LIVING ACCOMMODATION)

• I. EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCIES (UNIVERSITY, BOARDING

SCHOOL, LABORATORY, LIBRARY, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL)
• II. FOR TREATMENT : HOSPITAL AND NURSING HOMES
(MEDICAL CENTRE, DISABILITIES WHERE SUCH PERSONS
SLEEP IN THE PREMISES.

hospital

Rumah Orang Tua Uzur Pulau Pinang

 PG III : OTHER RESIDENTIAL
• ACCOMMODATION FOR RESIDENTIAL PURPOSE OTHER THAN GROUP (I)

Hotel Apartment/condominium

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

 PG IV : OFFICE
• PREMISES USED FOR OFFICE PURPOSES (ADMINISTRATION/CLERICAL
WORK)

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

 PG V : SHOP
• PREMISES USED FOR THE CARRYING ON THERE RETAIL
TRADE/BUSINESS EG: RESTAURANT, BOOKSHOP AND HAIR SALOON,
SHOP COMBINED WITH HOTEL, OFFICE AND SHOPPING COMPLEX.

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

 PG VI : FACTORY
• ALL PREMISES AS DEFINED IN THE FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT
1967.

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

 PG VII : PLACE OF ASSEMBLY
• USED FOR THE ATTENDANCE OF PERSONS IN CONNECTION WITH
THEIR SOCIAL, RECREATIONAL, EDUCATIONAL, BUSINESS ACTIVITIES.

Mosque, assembly hall, stadium

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed
 PG VIII : STORAGE AND GENERAL
• PLACE OF STORAGE, PARKING OF GOODS AND
MATERIALS.

Car park / hypermarket /warehouse

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed
 FIRE COMPARTMENTS

• SOME BUILDINGS EXCEED THE PHYSICAL SIZE ALLOWABLE

FOR ITS DESIGNATED PURPOSE GROUP IS DIVIDED INTO
SMALLER COMPARTMENTS TO LIMIT FIRE SPREAD AND TO
RESTRICT THE MOVEMENT OF SMOKE.

• DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES FALLS UNDER DIFFERENT PURPOSE

GROUP AND DIVIDED INTO COMPARTMENTS.

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

SCHEDULE 5 : DIMENSIONS
TH OF BUILDINGS AND
5 SCHEDULE
COMPARTMENTS

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed
 Compartment walls and floors

• TO ENSURE THAT FIRE IS CONTAINED IN THE COMPARTMENT OF

ORIGIN, AND IT IS NOT ALLOWED TO SPREAD HORIZONTALLY OR
VERTICALLY THROUGH A BUILDING.

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

Limit the fire spread and restrict the movement of smoke

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

 • UBBL 133 COMPARTMENT / PETAK : A FIRE COMPARTMENT
IS ANY PART OF A BUILDING WHICH IS SEPARATED FROM
ALL OTHER PARTS OF THE SAME BUILDING BY FIRE-
RESISTANT WALLS, FLOORS, DOORS AND CEILINGS.

• BUILDINGS ARE DIVIDED INTO FIRE COMPARTMENTS TO

LIMIT THE RISK OF FIRE (LIMIT THE VOLUME AND FLOOR
AREA FOR THE CERTAIN PURPOSE) AND TO PREVENT THE
SPREAD OF FIRE AND SMOKE.

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

 IF FIRE SHOULD OCCUR IN ONE COMPARTMENT, IT WILL BE
CONTAINED WITHIN THIS ZONE FOR A LONG TIME, THUS
PROTECTING THE REST OF THE BUILDING.

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

 Purpose of fire compartments

1. LIFE SAFETY OF THE OCCUPANTS.

TO PREVENT SPREAD OF FIRE AND PRODUCTS
OF COMBUSTION WHICH MAY ENDANGER
OCCUPANTS.

2. LIFE SAFETY OF THE FIRE BRIGADE.

TO PREVENT A FIRE GROWING TO THREATEN
FIRE FIGHTERS WHO MAY HAVE TO ENTER A
BUILDING TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE AND FOR
RESCUE ACTIVITY.

3. PROTECTION OF THE PROPERTY.

TO PREVENT RAPID SPREAD OF FIRE
THROUGHOUT A BUILDING AND TO RESTRICT
THE MOVEMENT OF FIRE AND SMOKE.

4. PROTECTION OF ADJACENT (BESEBELAHAN)

PROPERTIES.
TO ACT AS SUB-DIVISION IN INDIVIDUAL
BUILDINGS AND SEPARATING BETWEEN THE
HIGH RISK AREAS.
rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed
SHOPPING CENTERS /SHOP COMPARTMENT
• SINGLE DEPARTMENT STORE OR USES BUILDINGS WITH LARGE
STORES/USERS (ANCHOR TENANTS).

• WITHIN THIS MALL WILL BE A MIXTURE OF OTHER USES (FOOD

COURTS/CINEMAS/SMALL SHOPS.
 Design guidelines of shopping malls

• I. THE SIZE OF SHOPPING MALLS COMPARTMENTS SHALL NOT EXCEED

:
• (A) 7,000M3 AND 2,000M2 FLOOR AREAS (UN-SPRINKLERED
BUILDINGS)…SCHEDULE 5 UBBL 136

• (B)14,000M3 AND 4,000M2 FLOOR AREAS (FULLY SPRINKLERED

BUILDING)…UBBL 220 :…THE MAXIMUM FLOOR AREA OR CUBIC
CAPACITY OR THE MAXIMUM FLOOR AREA AND CUBIC CAPACITY
OF THE BUILDING OR COMPARTMENT MAY BE DOUBLED WHERE
THE BUILDING OR COMPARTMENT IS FITTED THROUGHOUT WITH
AN AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM…….

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed
 SIZE OF SHOPPING MALL
COMPARTMENTS

ZONE A ZONE B ZONE C ZONE D

(A) Unsprinklered building : 7,000m3 and 2,000m2 floor areas

ZONE A ZONE B

(B) Sprinklered building : 14,000m3 and 4,000m2 floor areas

 Design guidelines of shop compartments

• I. THE SIZE OF SHOP COMPARTMENTS SHALL NOT EXCEED :

• (A) NOT LESS THAN 60% OF THE TOTAL AREA SHALL CONSIST OF UNIT
SEPARATE SHOPS NOT EXCEEDING 280M2 EACH.(FULLY SPRINKLERED)

• (B)SHOP UNITS SHALL BE ENCLOSED ON 3 SIDES BY HAVING FRP WALL.

THE REMAINING AREAS MAY CONSIST OF SHOPS LARGER THAN
280M2(UNSPRINKLERED)

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

Compartment 01 02 03
A- shop shop shop
unsprinklered
< 7,000m3
and 2,000m2 Intermediate shops
Compartment C <280m2 enclosed
on 3 sides wall
with 2hr/4hr FRP
Not anchor Anchor
store Store
04 05 06
shop shop shop Compartment B-
sprinklered
< 14,000m3 and
4,000m2

07 08 09
shop shop shop

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

 Atriums
• NFPA 101: “A LARGE VOLUME SPACE CREATED
BY A FLOOR OPENING OR A SERIES OF FLOOR
OPENINGS CONNECTING TWO OR MORE
STORIES THAT IS COVERED AT THE TOP OF THE
SERIES OF OPENINGS AND IS USED FOR
PURPOSES OTHER THAN ENCLOSED STAIRWAY,
ELEVATOR HOIST WAY, ESCALATOR OPENING
OR UTILITY SHAFT USED FOR PLUMBING
ELECTRICAL, AIR CONDITIONING OR
COMMUNICATION FACILITIES”. (A VERTICALLY
LINKED VOLUME OF SPACE OVER SEVERAL
FLOOR)
rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed
 EXAMPLE ATRIUMS BULDING:
BANGUNAN SURUHANJAYA TENAGA
 THE AIM OF ATRIUM DESIGN
• CREATE S LARGE SMOKE ACCUMULATION CHAMBER,
WHICH MANAGES THE SMOKE CONCENTRATION EARLY
IN THE FIRE BEFORE SPRINKLER/SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM
IS ACTIVATED.

rohaza binti majid B.Sc Civil Eng, M.Ed

A large volume of space into atrium which smoke can be drawn into
and then removed.

5th Grd, 4th through 5th flr

Fire barrier enclosed by glass walls
(1hr FR) 4th
(reduce smoke layer
3rd impact)
2nd flr and 3rd flr open
2nd to atrium
1st
Min. 6m

Grd

Floor area
> 95m2
 MIXED USE BUILDINGS
• WHERE A BUILDING CONTAINS USAGE FALLING UNDER
DIFFERENT PURPOSE GROUPS AND EACH IS CONTAINED
WITHIN COMPARTMENTS; UBBL 215 ALLOWS THE HEIGHT OF
EACH PART OF THE BUILDING HOUSING A DIFFERENT
PURPOSE GROUP, IF THEY ARE VERTICALLY SEPARATED, TO
BE CONSIDERED SEPARATELY.

HOTEL (III)

SHOPS (V)
CAR PARK (VIII)

Multi-purpose building