NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

Dr. Vamsi Krishna T

Department of Electronics & Comm.
Engineering
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

Analysis in s-domain

Dr. Vamsi Krishna T

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

The Transformed Circuit

• The voltage-current relationships of network elements in
the time domain may be represented in the complex
frequency domain.
• Ideal energy sources in time domain were 𝑣 𝑡 and 𝑖(𝑡)
may be represented by their transforms 𝑉 𝑠 = ℒ[𝑣 𝑡 ]
and 𝐼 𝑠 = ℒ[𝑖 𝑡 ]
• The resistor defined by 𝑣 − 𝑖 relationship
𝑣 𝑡 = 𝑅𝑖 𝑡
Is defined in the frequency domain by the transform
𝑉 𝑠 = 𝑅 𝐼(𝑠)
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

The Transformed Circuit

• For an inductor, the defining 𝑣 − 𝑖 relationships are
𝑑𝑖
𝑣 𝑡 =𝐿
𝑑𝑡
1 𝑡
𝑖 𝑡 = න 𝑣 𝜏 𝑑𝜏 + 𝑖(0−)
𝐿 0−
Transforming both the equations,
𝑉 𝑠 = 𝑠𝐿𝐼 𝑠 − 𝐿𝑖(0−)
1 𝑖 0−
𝐼 𝑠 = 𝑉 𝑠 +
𝑠𝐿 𝑠
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

The Transformed Circuit

• The transformed circuit representation for an inductor is
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

The Transformed Circuit

• For a capacitor, the defining equations are
1 𝑡
𝑣 𝑡 = න 𝑖 𝜏 𝑑𝜏 + 𝑣(0−)
𝐶 0−
𝑑𝑣
𝑖 𝑡 =𝐶
𝑑𝑡
The frequency domain counterparts of these equations are
1 𝑣 0−
𝑉 𝑠 = 𝐼 𝑠 +
𝑠𝐶 𝑠
𝐼 𝑠 = 𝑠𝐶 𝑉 𝑠 − 𝐶 𝑣(0−)
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

The Transformed Circuit

• The transformed circuit representation for a capacitor is
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

The Transformed Circuit

• In the complex frequency representation, the network
elements can be represented as impedances and
admittances in series or parallel with energy sources.
• To analyze the circuit on a transform basis, the only
additional step required is to represent all the network
elements in terms of complex impedances or admittances
with associated initial energy sources.
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

The Transformed Circuit

• Consider the example of a transformer as in fig. below
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

The Transformed Circuit

• Transformer equations in time domain,
𝑑𝑖1 𝑑𝑖2
𝑣1 𝑡 = 𝐿1 +𝑀
𝑑𝑡 dt
𝑑𝑖1 𝑑𝑖2
𝑣2 𝑡 = 𝑀 + 𝐿2
𝑑𝑡 dt
Transforming these set of equations,
𝑉1 𝑠 = 𝑠𝐿1 𝐼1 𝑠 − 𝐿1 𝑖1 0 − + 𝑠𝑀 𝐼2 𝑠 − 𝑀𝑖2 0 −
𝑉2 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑀 𝐼1 𝑠 − 𝑀𝑖1 0 − + 𝑠𝑀 L2 𝐼2 𝑠 − 𝑀𝑖
L2 2 (0−)
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

The Transformed Circuit

• The transformed equivalent circuit is
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Example:
• Find v0(t) given v0(0 –)=5V

Solution:
• Apply KCL
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Solution (contd.)
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Example
• Find the current i(t) for t ≥ 0. Assume initial capacitor
voltage of 1 V
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Solution
• Write KVL and then apply Laplace transform. Find I(s), apply
PFE and inverse Laplace transform
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Example
• Find the mesh currents in the circuit. The switch is open for
a long time before closing at t = 0
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Solution
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Example:
• Find vc(t) for t ≥ 0. The current source is activated at t = 0
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Solution
• Initial values vc(0–) = –20 V and iL(0–) = 0
• Capacitor would have completed charging and behaving as
open circuit and inductor acts as open circuit
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Solution (contd.)
• When current source is activated at t = 0, we get transient
response
• Apply source transformation so we have 6u(t) V in series
with 2 Ω.
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Solution (contd.)
• Apply KCL
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Solution (contd.)
• Apply Laplace transform

• Take inverse Laplace transform

NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Useful table for constructing transformed circuit

NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Useful table for constructing transformed circuit

NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Useful table for constructing transformed circuit

NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
The Transformed Circuit

Constructing transformed circuit

• Two methods:
• Either apply KCL/KVL for the circuit in time domain
• Apply Laplace transform to the equations
• Draw the transformed circuit based on the KCL/KVL
equations expressed in s domain

• Alternatively, directly obtain transformed circuit using

the table in the previous slide.
• From the transformed circuit, obtain the transformed
KCL/KVL equations
THANK YOU

Dr. Vamsi Krishna T

Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering
vamsikrishnatumuluru@pes.edu