Maths - 2B Imp Questions

SENIOR
INTERMEDIATE
UPDATED MATERIAL
2021-22
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
LECTURER IN MATHEMATICS
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
M.Sc.,B.Ed., MATHS – 2B Page |1
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
1.CIRCLE
(2 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 7 = 22)
1. Circle:
The set of points in a plane which

are at a constant distance 'r' (≥ 0)
from a fixed point C is called a
circle.
The fixed point C is called the

centre of the circle.
The constant distance 'r' is called
the radius of the circle.
Various forms of a Circle
2. General form of a circle:
General form of a circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
Centre C = (-g, -f)

Radius (r) = √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐
3. Standard form of a circle:
The equation of the circle with centre O (0, 0) and radius
'r' is x2 + y2 = r2.
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Centre C = (0, 0)
Radius (r) = r
4. Centre–radius form of a circle:
The equation of the circle with centre at C (h, k) and radius r is (x - h )2 + (y – k )2 = r2.
Centre C = (h,k )
Radius (r) = r
5. The general equation of second degree ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 where the
coefficients a, h, b, g, f and c are real numbers, represents a circle if and only if
(i) a = b ≠ 0 (coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2 )
(ii) h = 0 and (coefficient of xy = 0 )
(iii) g2 + f2 – ac ≥ 0
6. Point circle:
If the radius of a circle is 0 then it is called a point circle.
In this case the centre itself is the point circle.

The equation of a point circle having the centre at the origin is x2 + y2 = 0.
7. Unit circle:
If the radius of a circle is 1 then it is called a unit circle.
8. Concentric circles:
Two or more circles are said to be concentric if their centres are same (equal).
The equation of a circle concentric with the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 will
be in the form of x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + k= 0.
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9. The equation of a circle having the centre on the X – axis will be in the form of
x2 + y2 + 2gx + c = 0 (since y – coordinate of the centre is zero)
10.The equation of a circle having the centre on the Y – axis will be in the form of
x2 + y2 + 2fy + c = 0 (since x – coordinate of the centre is zero)
11.If the circle intersects X-axis at P and Q then the distance PQ is called as X-intercept
made by the circle as on X-axis.
12.The intercept made on the X – axis by the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
2√𝑔2 − 𝑐.
13.If the circle intersects Y-axis at M and N then the distance MN is called as Y-intercept
made by the circle as on Y-axis.
14.The intercept made on the Y – axis by the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
2√𝑓 2 − 𝑐 .
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15.The condition for the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 to touch the X-axis is g 2 − c = 0
or g 2 = c
16.The condition for the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 to touch the Y-axis is f 2 − c = 0
or f 2 = c .
17.Secant of a circle:
If A and B are two distinct points on a circle then the line ⃡𝐴𝐵 through A and B is
called a secant.
18.Chord of a circle:
If A and B are two distinct points on a circle then the segment 𝐴𝐵 , the join of A and
B is called a chord.
The length of the chord is denoted by AB.
19.Diameter of a circle:
A chord AB passing through the centre C of a circle is called a diameter of the circle.
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20.The equation of the circle whose diameter extremities are (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) is
(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦1 )(𝑦 − 𝑦2 ) = 0.
21.The equation of the circle passing through three non collinear points
P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) , 𝑄(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and R(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) is
𝑥1 𝑦1 1 𝑐1 𝑦1 1 𝑥1 𝑐1 1 𝑥1 𝑦1 𝑐1
|𝑥2 𝑦2 2 2
1| (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) + |𝑐2 𝑦2 1|x + |𝑥2 𝑐2 1|y + |𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑐2 | = 0
𝑥3 𝑦3 1 𝑐3 𝑦3 1 𝑥3 𝑐3 1 𝑥3 𝑦3 𝑐3
where 𝑐𝑖 = - (𝑥𝑖 2 + 𝑦𝑖 2 ) , 𝔦 = 1, 2, 3
22.Concyclic points:
P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) , 𝑄(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) , R(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) and S(𝑥4 , 𝑦4 ) are said to be concyclic if these

points lie on the same circle.
Parametric equations of a circle:
23.The parametric equations of a circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 are

x = -g + r cos𝜃 , y = -f + r sin𝜃 .
24.The parametric equations of a circle x2 + y2 = r2 are x = r cos𝜃 , y = r sin𝜃 .
25.The parametric equations of a circle (x- h )2 + (y – k )2 = r2 are
x = h + r cos𝜃, y = k + rsin𝜃 .
26.Notations:
S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
𝑆1 = xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c
𝑆2 = xx2 + yy2 + g (x + x2) + f (y + y2) + c
𝑆11 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
𝑆12 = x1x2 + y1y2 + g (x1 + x2) + f (y1 + y2) + c.
27.Position of a point with respect to a circle:
A circle in a plane divides the plane into three parts namely
(i) the interior of the circle (lies in the circle)

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(ii) the circumference which is the circular curve (lies on the circle)
(iii) the exterior of the circle (outside the circle)
28.Let S = 0 be a circle in a plane and if P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) be any point in the same plane. Then
(i) P lies in the interior of the circle ⟺ s11 < 0
(ii) P lies on the circle ⟺ s11 = 0
(iii) P lies in the exterior of the circle ⟺ s11 > 0
29.Tangent of a circle:
A tangent to a circle is a straight line

which touches the circle at only one
point. This point is called the point of
tangency. The tangent to a circle is
perpendicular to the radius at the
point of tangency.
30.Length of tangent:
If P is an external point to the circle S = 0 and PT is the tangent from P to the circle
S = 0 then 𝑃𝑇 is called the length of the tangent from P to the circle (or)
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31.The length of a tangent is equal to the length of a line segment with end-points as the
external point and the point of contact. So, PA and PB are the lengths of tangent to the
circle from an external point P.
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32.If S = 0 is a circle and P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) is an external point with respect to S = 0 then the
length of the tangent from P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to S = 0 is √𝑆11 .
33.Power of a point:
Suppose S = 0 is the equation of a circle with centre C and radius r. Let P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )
be any point in the plane. Then CP2 – r2 is called the power of point p with respect to
S = 0.
34.The power of a point P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) with respect to the circle S = 0 is S11.

35.The equation of a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = r2 having slope m is
y = mx ± 𝑟√1 + 𝑚2 .
36.The equation of a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 having slope m is
(𝑦 + 𝑓) = m (𝑥 + 𝑔) ± r √1 + 𝑚2 .
37.The equation of a tangent at 𝜃 of the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c

is (𝑥 + 𝑔) cos 𝜃 + (𝑦 + 𝑓) sin 𝜃 = r.
38.The equation of a tangent at 𝜃 of the circle x2 + y2 = r2 is x cos𝜃 + y sin𝜃 = r.
39.The equation of a tangent at the point P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is S1 = 0
( 𝑆1 = xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = 0)
40.The equation of a tangent at the point P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to the circle x2 + y2 = r2
is xx1 + yy1 − r 2 = 0 .
41.normal of a circle:
The normal of a circle at any point is a straight line which is perpendicular to the
tangent at the point of contact. The normal of the circle always passes through the
center of the circle.
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M.Sc.,B.Ed., MATHS – 2B P a g e | 10
42.The equation of a normal at the point P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑦1 + 𝑓) − (𝑦 − 𝑦1 )(𝑥1 + 𝑔) = 0 .
43.The equation of a normal at the point P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to the circle x2 + y2 = r2 is
xy1 – yx1 = 0.
44. If 𝜃 1 (−𝑔 + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 , −𝑓 + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 ) and 𝜃 2 (−𝑔 + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 , −𝑓 + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 ) are two
points on x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 , then the equation of the chord joining these
𝜃1 + 𝜃2 𝜃1 + 𝜃2 𝜃1 − 𝜃2
points is (𝑥 + 𝑔) cos ( ) + (𝑦 + 𝑓) sin ( ) = rcos ( ).
2 2 2
45.If 𝜃1 (−𝑔 + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 , −𝑓 + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 ) and 𝜃2 (−𝑔 + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 , −𝑓 + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 ) are two
points on x2 + y2 = r , then equation of the chord joining these points is
𝜃1 + 𝜃2 𝜃1 + 𝜃2 𝜃1 − 𝜃2
𝑥 cos ( ) + 𝑦 sin ( ) = rcos ( ).
2 2 2
46.The tangential condition for the line ax + by + c = 0 to the circle S = 0 is r = d.

47.The length of the chord intercepted by the circle S=0 on the line ax + by + c = 0 is
2 √𝑟 2 − 𝑑 2 , where d is the perpendicular distance from the centre of the circle and r
is the radius of the circle.
48.the tangential condition for the line
(i) y = mx + c and the circle x2 + y2 = r2 is c2 = r2 (1+ m2).
(ii) lx + my + n = 0 and the circle x2 + y2 = r2 is n2 = r 2 (l 2 + m2 ) .
49.The condition for the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 to touch
(i) the X – axis is c = g2.
(ii) the Y – axis is c = f2
(iii) both the axes is c = g2 = f2.
50.If 𝜃 is the angle between the tangents through a point P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to the circle
𝜃 𝑟
S = 0, then tan = .
2 √𝑠11
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51.chord of contact:
If the tangents drawn from an external point P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to a circle S = 0 touch the circle
at the points A and B then the secant ⃡𝐴𝐵 is called the chord of contact of P with respect
to S = 0.
52.If P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) is an exterior point to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 then the
equation of the chord of contact of P with respect to S = 0 is S1 = 0.
53.Pole and Polar:
Let S = 0 be a circle and P be any point in plane other than the centre of S = 0. If any
line drawn through the point P meets the circle in two points A and B, then the points
of intersection of tangents drawn at A and B lie on a line called polar P and P is called
pole of the polar.
Polar of P
B A
P (pole)
54.The equation of the polar of 𝑃(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) with respect to S = 0 is S1 = 0.
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−𝑎2 𝑙 −𝑎2 𝑚
55.The pole of lx + my + n = 0 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 is ( , ).
𝑛 𝑛
56.The pole of lx + my + n = 0 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
𝑙𝑟 2 𝑚𝑟 2
(−𝑔 + lg + 𝑚𝑓−𝑛
, −𝑓 +
lg + 𝑚𝑓−𝑛
).
57.Conjugate points:
Two points P and Q are said to be conjugate points with respect to the circle S = 0,
if Q lies on the polar of P.
58.The condition that the points P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) are conjugate points with
respect to the circle S = 0 is S12 = 0.
59.Conjugate lines:
If P and Q are conjugate points with respect to the circle S = 0 then the polars of
P and Q are called conjugate lines with respect to the circle S = 0.
60.Inverse points with respect to a circle:
Let S = 0 be a circle with centre C and radius r. Two points P and Q are said to be
inverse points with respect to S = 0 if (i) C, P, Q are collinear (ii) P, Q lies on the same
side of C (iii) CP. CQ = r2.
The inverse of the point P with respect to the circle S = 0 is the foot of the
perpendicular from the centre of the circle S = 0 to the polar of P.
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61.If P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) is the mid point of a chord AB (other than the diameter) of the circle
S = 0, then the equation of secant ⃡𝐴𝐵 is S1 = S11 .
59. Common tangent of a circles:
A straight line L is said to be a common tangents to the circles S= 0 and S' = 0 if it
is tangent to both S = 0 and S' = 0.
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60. Touch each other of two circles:
Two circles are said to be touching each other if they have only one common tangent.
61. Direct pair of common tangents
A common tangent L = 0 of the circles S = 0 and S' = 0 is said to be a direct
common tangent of the circles if the two circles S = 0 and S' = 0 lie on the same side
of L = 0.
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62. Transverse common tangents:
A common tangent L = 0 of the circles S = 0 and S' = 0 is said to be a transverse

common tangent of the circles if the two circles S = 0 and S' = 0 lie on the opposite
(either) side of L = 0
63. External centre of similitude:
Let S = 0 and S' = 0 be two circles. the point of intersection of direct common
tangents of S = 0 and S' = 0 is called external centre of similitude.
64. Internal centre of similitude:
Let S = 0 and S' = 0 be two circles. the point of intersection of tranverse common
tangents of S = 0 and S' = 0 is called internal centre of similitude.
65. Relative position of two circles:
Let C1, C2 be the centres and r1, r2 be the radii of two circles S = 0 and S' = 0
respectively. Furthur let 𝐶1 𝐶2 represents the line segment C1 to C2.
The following cases cases arise with regard to the relative position of two circles.
(i) Case – 1: 𝑐1 𝑐2 > 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
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In this case the two circles do not intersect and one circle will be away from
the other.
No. of direct common tangents = 2
No. of transverse common tangents = 2
Total No. of common tangents = 4
(ii) Case – 2: 𝑐1 𝑐2 = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
In this case the two circles touch each other externally.
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(iii) Case – 3: |𝑟1 − 𝑟2 | < 𝑐1 𝑐2 < 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
In this case the two circles intersect in two distinct points.
(iv) Case – 4: 𝑐1 𝑐2 = |𝑟1 − 𝑟2 |

In this case the two circles touch each other internally.
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(v) Case – 5: 𝑐1 𝑐2 < |𝑟1 − 𝑟2 |

In this case the two circles do not intersect/touch and one circle will be
completely inside the other.
Note: If 𝑐1 𝑐2 = 0 then the centres of the two circles coincide and they are
concentric circle
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66. The combined equation of the pair of tangents drawn from an external point
P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to the circle S = 0 is SS11 = S12.
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BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
1.CIRCLE
IMP LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (7 MARKS QUESTIONS)
MODEL - 1
1. Find the equation of the circle passing through (1, 1) , (2, −1), (3, 2) .
2. Find the equation of the circle passing through (3, 4) , (3, 2), (1, 4) . May – 16 (TS),
May – 2013, 2012 MARCH - 2018
3. Find the equation of the circle passing through (5, 7) , (8, 1), (1, 3) . Jun - 2010
4. Find the equation of the circle passing through (2, 1) , (5, 5), (−6, 7). MAY - 2018
5. Find the equation of the circle passing through (1, 2) , (3, −4), (5, −6). Mar – 16 (TS)
MODEL - 2
6. If (2, 0), (0, 1) (4, 5) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0, 𝐶) are concyclic then find C. May – 19, May – 15, 14,
Mar – 15 (AP), Mar – 15 (TS)
7. Show that the following four points in each of the following are concyclic and find the equation of
the circle on which they lie.
(i) (1, 1), (−6, 0), (−2, 2) , (−2, −8)
(ii) (9, 1), (7, 9), (−2, 12) , (6, 10)
(iii) (1, 2), (3, −4), (5, −6) , (19, 8) May – 15 (TS)
(iv) (1, −6), (5, 2), (7, 0) , (−1, −4).
MODEL – 3
8. Find the equation of a circle which passes through (4, 1), (6, 5) and having the centre on
4x + 3y – 24 + 0. MARCH – 2020, 2012
9. Find the equation of a circle which passes through (2, −3), (−4, 5) and having the centre on
4x + 3y + 1 = 0.
10. Find the equation of a circle which passes through (4, 1), (6, 5) and having the centre on
4x + y – 16 = 0.
11. Find the equation of the circle whose centre lies on the X – axis and passing through
( −2,3) and ( 4,5)
MODEL - 4
12. Show that the circles x2 + y2 – 6x – 2y + 1 = 0, x2 + y2 + 2x – 8y + 13 = 0 are touch each other. Find
the point of contact and the equation of common tangent at their point of contact.
May – 19, 16, 11, 10
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13. Show that the circles x2 + y2 – 6x – 9y + 13 = 0, x2 + y2 - 2x – 16y = 0 are touch each other. Find the
point of contact and the equation of common tangent at their point of contact.
14. Show that the circles x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y - 12 = 0, x2 + y2 + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0 are touch each other.
Find the point of contact and common tangent at this point of contact . Mar – 13
15. Show that the circles x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y - 12 = 0, 5(x2 + y2) - 8x - 14y - 32 = 0 are touch each other.
Find the point of contact
MODEL - 5
16. Find the direct common tangents of the circles

x2 + y2 + 22x – 4y – 100 = 0 and x2 + y2 – 22x + 4y + 100 = 0.
17. Find the transverse common tangents of the circles
x2 + y2 – 4x – 10y + 28 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y + 4 = 0. Mar – 15, 14 Mar – 2019
18. Find the equations to all possible common tangents to the circles x2 + y 2 − 2 x − 6 y + 6 = 0 and
x2 + y 2 = 1 . May – 15 (AP)
MODEL - 6
Miscellaneous problems
19. The combined equation of the pair of tangents drawn from an external point P(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to the circle
S = 0 is SS11 = S12. May - 14
20. Find the equation of circle which touch the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 20 = 0 externally at (5, 5) with
radius 5. May – 2016 (TS)
21. Find the equation of circle which touch the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0 internally at (-1, 1) with
radius 2.
22. Find the equations of circles which touch 2x – 3y + 1 = 0 at (1, 1) and having radius √13 .
23. Find the equation of the circum – circle of the triangle formed by the line
ax + by + c = 0 ( abc  0) , and the coordinate axes.
24. Find the equation of the circum – circle of the triangle formed by the straight lines
x − y − 2 = 0, 2 x − 3 y + 4 = 0,3x − y + 6 = 0 .
IMP SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 4 MARKS QUESTIONS )

MODEL - 1
1. If a point P is moving such that the lengths of the tangents from P to the circle
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x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0 are in the ratio 2:3 then find the equation
of the locus of P. MAY – 2019, 2013, 2009
x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y – 20 = 0 and x2 + y2 - 2x - 8y + 1 = 0 are in the ratio 2 : 1 then show that the
equation of the locus of P is x2 + y2 – 2x – 12y + 8 = 0.
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 8x + 12y + 15 = 0 are equal, then find the equation of the
locus of P.
MODEL - 2
4. Find the pole of x+ y +2 = 0 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 -4x + 6y – 12 = 0.
5. Find the pole of 3x+ 4y - 45 = 0 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 -6x - 8y + 5 = 0.
6. Find the pole of x - 2y + 22 = 0 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 -5x + 8y + 6 = 0.
MODEL - 3
7. Find the angle between the tangents drawn from (3, 2) to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 2 = 0.
8. Find the angle between the tangents drawn from (1, 3) to the circle x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y – 11 = 0.
9. Find the angle between the tangents drawn from (0, 0) to the circle x2 + y2 – 14x + 2y + 25 = 0.
10. Find the condition that the tangents drawn from (0, 0) to S≡ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 be
Perpendicular to each other. May – 2016 (TS)
MODEL - 4
11. Find the length of the chord intercepted by the circle x2 + y2 – x + 3y – 22 = 0 on the line
y = x – 3. MARCH – 2018, 2011, 2013
12. Find the length of the chord intercepted by the circle x2 + y2 – 8x – 2y – 8 = 0 on the
line x + y + 1 = 0.
13. Find the length of the chord formed by x2 + y2 = a2 on the line x cos𝛼 + y sin𝛽 = p
MODEL - 5
14. Show that x+ y + 1 = 0 touches the circle x2 + y2 – 3x + 7y + 14 = 0 and find its point of contact
15. Prove that the tangent at (3, -2) of the circle x2 + y2 = 13 touches the circle
x2 + y2 + 2x – 10y – 26 = 0 and find its point of contact.
16. Show that the tangent at (-1, 2) of the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y + 7 = 0 touches the circle
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y = 0. Also find its point of contact. BOARD MODEL PAPER
MODEL - 6
17. Find equations of tanents to the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0 which are parallel to x + y – 8 = 0.
18. Find equations of tanents to the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0 which are parallel to x + 2y – 8 = 0.
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19. Find equations of tanents to the circle x2 + y2 + 2x - 2y – 3 = 0 which are perpendicular to
3x - y + 4 = 0.
20. Find the equation of tangent and normal at (3, 2) of the circle x2 + y2 – x – 3y – 4 = 0. May - 2019
21. Find the equation of tangent and normal at (1, 1) of the circle 2x2 + 2y2 – 2x – 5y + 3 = 0.
22. Find the equations of tangents to x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y = 0 at (3, -1). Also find the equation of tangent
Parallel to it.
MODEL - 7
23. Find the equation of the circle with centre (2, 3 ) and touching the line 3x – 4y + 1 = 0.
24. Find the equation of the circle with centre (-2, 3) cutting a chord length 2 units on
3x + 4y + 4 = 0. MAY - 2018
25. If the abscissae of points A, B are the roots of the equation x2 + 2ax – b2 = 0 and ordinates of A, B
are roots of y2 + 2py – q2 = 0 then find the equation of a circle for which 𝐴𝐵 is a diameter.
Mar –14, May – 19
MODEL - 8
26. Show that A (-3, 0) lies on the circle x2 + y2 + 8x + 12y + 15 = 0 .and find the other end of diameter
through A.
27. Show that A (3, -1) lies on the circle x2 + y2 - 2x + 4y = 0. Also find the other end of diameter
through A.
28. Find the midpoint of the chord intercepted by x2 + y2 – 2x – 10y + 1 = 0 on the line x- 2y + 7 = 0.
29. Find the inverse point of (-2, 3) with respect to the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 9 = 0.
MODEL - 9
30. Show that the lines 2x + 3y + 11 = 0 and 2x – 2y – 1 = 0 are conjugate with respect to the circle
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y – 12 = 0.
31. Find the value of K, if Kx + 3y – 1 = 0, 2x +y + 5 = 0 are conjugate lines with respect to the circle
x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4 = 0. May – 2015 (TS)
MODEL - 10
32. Find the pair of tangents drawn from ( 0,0) to x2 + y 2 + 10 x + 10 y + 40 = 0 .
33. Find the pair of tangents drawn from ( 3, 2 ) to x2 + y2 − 6x + 4 y − 2 = 0 .

34. Find the pair of tangents drawn from (10, 4) to x2 + y 2 = 25 .
35. Find the pair of tangents drawn from ( 4,10) to x2 + y 2 = 25 .
36. Find the pair of tangents drawn from (1,3) to x2 + y 2 − 2 x + 4 y − 11 = 0 and also find the angle
between them.
Miscellaneous problems
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
37. Find the area of the triangle formed by the tangent at P(x1 , y1 )to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 with
Coordinate axes where 𝑥1 𝑦1 ≠ 0 . MARCH - 2020
38. Find the area of the triangle formed by the normal at (3, -4) to the circle x2 + y2 – 22x – 4y + 25 = 0
With the coordinate axes.
39. If θ1 , θ2 are the angles of inclination of tangents through a point P to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 then
find the locus of P when cotθ1 + cotθ2 = k.
40. If the chord of contact of P with respect to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 cut the circle at A and B such that
AôB = 90° the show that p lies on the circle x2 + y2 = 2a2.
41. Show that poles of the tangents to the circles x2 + y2 = a2 with respect to the circle
(𝑥 + 𝑎)2 + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎2 lies on y2 + 4ax = 0.
circle
Very short answer type questions ( 2 marks )
Model - 1
1. Find the equation of the circle with centre (2, −3) and radius 4.
2. Find the equation of the circle with centre (−1, 2) and radius 5.
3. Find the equation of the circle with centre (a, −b) and radius
4. Find the equation of the circle with centre and radius a + b
5. Find the equation of the circle with centre (−a, −b) and radius a 2 − b2
6. Find the equation of the circle with centre (cos  ,sin  ) and radius 1.
7. Find the equation of the circle with centre  − , −9  and radius 5.

1
 2 
8. Find the equation of the circle with centre  , −  and radius 6.

5 4
2 3
5
9. Find the equation of the circle with centre (1, 7) and radius
2
10.Find the equation of the circle with centre (1, 4) and radius 5.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Model - 2
11.Find the centre and radius of the circle x2 + y 2 − 4x − 8 y − 41 = 0

12.Find the centre and radius of the circle x2 + y 2 + 6x + 8 y − 96 = 0
13.Find the centre and radius of the circle 3x2 + 3 y 2 − 5x − 6 y + 4 = 0
14.Find the centre and radius of the circle 3x2 + 3 y 2 + 6x −12 y −1 = 0
15.Find the centre and radius of the circle 2x2 + 2 y 2 − 4x + 6 y − 3 = 0
16.Find the centre and radius of the circle 2x2 + 2 y 2 − 3x + 2 y −1 = 0
17.Find the centre and radius of the circle x2 + y 2 + 2ax − 2by + b2 = 0
18.Find the centre and radius of the circle 1 + m2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) − 2cx + 2mcy = 0 .
Model - 3
19.Find the equation of the circle passing through the origin and having the centre at
(−4, −3)
20.Find the equation of the circle passing through the point (2, −1) and having the centre
at (2,3)
21.Find the equation of the circle passing through the point (−2,3) and having the centre
at (0, 0)
22.Find the equation of the circle passing through the point (3, 4) and having the centre at
(−3, 4) . May - 2018
Model - 4
23.Find the value of a if 2x2 + ay 2 − 3x + 2 y −1 = 0 represents a circle and also find its radius.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
24.Find the values of a, b if ax2 + bxy + 3 y 2 − 5x + 2 y − 3 = 0 represents a circle. Also find the
radius and centre of the circle.
25.If x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy −12 = 0 represents a circle with centre (2,3) , find g , f and radius
May – 2019.
26.If the circle x2 + y 2 + ax + by −12 = 0 has the centre at (2,3) then find a, b and the radius
of the circle.
27.If x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy = 0 represents a circle with centre (−4, −3) then find g , f and the
radius of the circle.
28.If x2 + y 2 − 4x + 6 y + c = 0 represents a circle with radius 6, then find value of c .
29.If the circle x2 + y2 − 4x + 6 y + a = 0 has radius 4 then find a .
Model - 5
30.Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (1, 2),(4,5).
31.Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (1, 2),(4,6).
32.Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (−4,3),(3, −4)
33.Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (7, −3),(3,5)
34.Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (1,1),(2, −1)
35.Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (0,0),(8,5)
36.Find the equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are (4, 2),(1,5). Mar - 19
Model - 6
37.Obtain the parametric equation of the circle x2 + y 2 = 4

38.Obtain the parametric equation of the circle x2 + y2 = 1
39.Obtain the parametric equation of the circle 2 x2 + 2 y 2 = 7
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
40.Obtain the parametric equation of the circle 4( x2 + y 2 ) = 9
41.Obtain the parametric equation of the circle x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6 y −12 = 0
42.Obtain the parametric equation of the circle x2 + y 2 − 6x + 4 y −12 = 0
43.Obtain the parametric equation of the circle x2 + y 2 + 6x + 8 y − 96 = 0
44.Obtain the parametric equation of the circle ( x − 3)2 + ( y − 4)2 = 82 . Mar - 2018
Model - 7
45.Find the equation of the circle which is concentric with x2 + y 2 − 6x − 4 y −12 = 0 and
passing through the point (−2,14) .
46.Find the equation of the circle passing through (2,3) and concentric with the circle
x2 + y 2 + 8x + 12 y + 15 = 0 .
Model - 8
47.Find the other end of the diameter of the circle x2 + y 2 − 8x − 8 y + 27 = 0 if one end of the
circle (2,3) . Mar - 20
48.Find the other end of the diameter of the circle x2 + y 2 − 2x + 4 y = 0 if one end of the
circle A(3,1)
49.Find the other end of the diameter of the circle x2 + y 2 + 8x + 12 y + 15 = 0 if one end of
the circle A(−3,0) .
Model - 9
50.Locate the position of the point (3, 4) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6 y −12 = 0
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
51.Locate the position of the point (1,5) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 2x − 4 y + 3 = 0
52.Locate the position of the point (4, 2) w.r.to the circle 2x2 + 2 y 2 − 5x − 4 y − 3 = 0
53.Locate the position of the point (2, −1) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 2x − 4 y + 3 = 0
54.Locate the position of the point (2, 4) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6 y + 11 = 0
Model - 10
55.Find the power of the point (1, 2) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 + 6x + 8 y − 96 = 0

56.Find the power of the point (5, −6) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 + 8x + 12 y + 15 = 0
57.Find the power of the point (−1,1) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 6x + 4 y −12 = 0
58.Find the power of the point (2,3) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 2x + 8 y − 23 = 0
59.Find the power of the point (2, 4) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6 y −12 = 0
Model - 11
60.Find the length of the tangent from (−2,5) to the circle x2 + y 2 − 25 = 0

61.Find the length of the tangent from (0, 0) to the circle x2 + y 2 −14x + 2 y + 25 = 0
62.Find the length of the tangent from (2,5) to the circle x2 + y 2 − 5x + 4 y − 5 = 0
63.Find the length of the tangent from (1,3) to the circle x2 + y 2 − 2x + 4 y −11 = 0
64.Find the length of the tangent from (12,17) to the circle x2 + y 2 − 6x − 8 y − 25 = 0 .
Model - 12
65.If the length of the tangent from (5, 4) to the circle x2 + y 2 + 2ky = 0 is 1, then find k.
May - 2018
66.If the length of the tangent from (2,5) to the circle x2 + y2 − 5x + 4 y + k = 0 is 37 then
find K.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Model - 13
67.Find the equation of the tangent at (7, −5) of the circle x2 + y 2 − 6x + 4 y −12 = 0
68.Find the equation of the tangent at (−1,1) of the circle x2 + y 2 − 6x + 4 y −12 = 0
69.Find the equation of the tangent at (−6, −9) of the circle x2 + y 2 + 4x + 6 y − 39 = 0
70.Find the equation of the tangent at (3, 4) of the circle x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6 y + 11 = 0
71.Find the equation of the tangent at (−1,1) of the circle x2 + y 2 − 6x + 4 y −12 = 0
72. Find the equation of the tangent at (3,1) of the circle x2 + y 2 − 2x + 4 y = 0
Model - 14
73.Find the equation of the normal at (3, −4) of the circle x2 + y 2 + x + y − 24 = 0

74.Find the equation of the normal at (3,5) of the circle x2 + y 2 −10x − 2 y + 6 = 0 . Mar - 18
75.Find the equation of the normal at (1,3) of the circle 3( x2 + y 2 ) −19x − 29 y + 76 = 0
76.Find the equation of the normal at (1, 2) of the circle x2 + y 2 − 22x − 4 y + 25 = 0
77.Find the equation of the normal at (3, 2) of the circle x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6 y + 11 = 0
Model - 14
78.Show that the line lx + my + n = 0 is a normal to the circle S = 0 if and only gl + mf = n .

79.If the parametric values of two points A and B lying on the circle x2 + y 2 − x + 4 y −12 = 0
are 30 and 60 respectively, then find the equation of the chord joining A and B.
80.Find the equation of the tangent at the point 30 (parametric value of  ) of the circle
x2 + y 2 + 4x + 6 y − 39 = 0 .
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Model - 15
81.Find the chord of contact of (0,5) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 5x + 4 y − 2 = 0

82.Find the chord of contact of (1,1) w.r.to the circle x2 + y2 = 9 . Mar - 20
83.Find the chord of contact of (2,5) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 5x + 4 y − 2 = 0
Model - 16
84.Find the polar of (1, 2) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 = 7

85.Find the polar of (3, −1) w.r.to the circle 2x2 + 2 y 2 = 11
86.Find the polar of (1, −2) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 −10x −10 y + 25 = 0
87.Find the polar of (2,3) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 + 6x + 8 y − 96 = 0 .
Model - 17
88.Find the pole of ax + by + c = 0 w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 = r 2

89.Find the pole of lx + my + n = 0 w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 = a2
Model - 18
90.Show that the points (−6,1) and (2,3) are conjugate points with respect to the circle
x2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2 y + 1 = 0
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
91.Show that the points (4, 2) and (3, −5) are conjugate points with respect to the circle
x 2 + y 2 − 3x − 5 y + 1 = 0 .
92.Show that (4, −2) and (3, −6) are conjugate points with respect to the circle
x2 + y 2 − 24 = 0 .
Model - 19
93.Find the value of k if the points (1,3) and (2, k ) are conjugate w.r.to the circle
x2 + y 2 = 35 . May - 2019
94.Find the value of k if the points (4, 2) and (k , −3) are conjugate w.r.to the circle
x2 + y 2 − 5x + 8 y + 6 = 0 .Mar - 2019
95.If (4, k ) and (2,3) are conjugate w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 = 17 , then find k .
2+4
2.SYSTEM OF CIRCLES
=
DEFINTIONS AND FORMULAE 6M
1. Angle between two intersecting circles:
The angle between two intersect circles is defined as the angle between the tangents at
the point of intersection of the two circles.
2. If
(i) C1 , C2 are the centres of two given intersecting circles,
(ii) d = C1C2
(iii) r1 , r2 are the radii of these circles
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
d 2 − r12 − r2 2
(iv)  is the angle between these circles, then cos  = .
2r1r2
3. If  is the angle between the intersecting circles x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and
c + c − 2 gg  − 2 ff 
x2 + y 2 + 2g x + 2 f y + c = 0 , then cos  = .
2 g + f 2 − c g  2 + f  2 − c
2
4. orthogonality of two circles:

Two intersecting circles are said to be orthogonal if the angle between them is a right
angle.
5. Condition for orthogonality of two circles:
Condition for orthogonality of two circles x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and
x2 + y 2 + 2g x + 2 f y + c = 0 is 2( gg  + ff ) = c + c .
6. Two circles x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 f y + c = 0 are orthogonal
d 2 = r12 + r2 2 .
7. Common tangent of the circles S = x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and
S  = x2 + y 2 + 2g x + 2 f y + c = 0 is S − S  = 0 .
8. Common chord of the circles S = x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and
S  = x2 + y 2 + 2g x + 2 f y + c = 0 is S − S  = 0 .
9. Radical axis of two circles:
The radical axis of two circles is defined to be the locus of a point which moves so
that its powers with respect to the two circles are equal.
10.Radical axis of the circles S = x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and S  = x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 f y + c = 0
is S − S  = 0 .
Note:
11.Radical centre:
The point of concurrence of the radical axes of each pair of the three circles whose
centres are not collinear is called the radical centre.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
12.The equation of the circle passing through the points of intersection of S = 0 and L = 0
is S +  L = 0 .
13.The equation of the circle passing through the point of intersection of the circles
S = 0, S  = 0 is S +  S  = 0 .
2.SYSTEM OF CIRCLES
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
MODEL - 1
1. Find the equation and length of the common chord of the two circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 4 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4 = 0 .
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 . MAY - 2015
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 5𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 4 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0 .
MODEL - 2
4. Find the radical centre of the circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 5 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 1 = 0, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 .
May – 2019, MARCH - 2018
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 0, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3 = 0 .
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 7 = 0 , 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 9 = 0, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 = 0 . MAY – 16 (TS)
MODEL - 3
7. If the straight line 2x + 3y = 1 intersects 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 at the points A and B, find the equation of the
circle having AB as diameter. MAY - 14
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
8. If the straight line x + y = 3 is the equation of the chord 𝐴𝐵 of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 −
8 = 0 , find the equation of the circle having 𝐴𝐵 as diameter. MAY – 16, MAR - 15
9. If the straight line represented by 𝑥 cos 𝛼 + 𝑦 sin 𝛼 = 𝑝 intersects the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 at the
points A and B, then show that the equation of the circle with 𝐴𝐵 as diameter is
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑎2 − 2𝑝(𝑥 cos 𝛼 + 𝑦 sin 𝛼 − 𝑝) = 0.
10.Find the equation of the circle passing through the points of intersection of two circles
x y
x2 + y 2 = 2ax, x2 + y 2 = 2by and having its centre on the line − = 2 .
a b
11.Show that common chord of the circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 9 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 23 = 0 is a diameter of the second circle
and find its length.
12.Find the equation of the circle whose diameter is the common chord of the two circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2 = 0
MODEL - 4
13.Find the equation of the circle which cuts the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 11 = 0 and
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 21 = 0 orthogonally and has the diameter along the straight line
2x + 3y = 7. MARCH - 2016
14.Find the equation of the circle which passes through the point (0, −3) and intersects the circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 − 7𝑦 = 0 orthogonally.
MAY – 15 (TS), May - 2019
15.Find the equation of the circle passing through point of intersection of the circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 21 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 15 = 0 and (1, 2) .
BOARD MODEL PAPER
16.Find the equation of the circle passing through the origin, having its centre on the line x + y = 4 and
intersecting the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 othogonally.
17.Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (2, 0), (0, 2) and orthogonally to the circle
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 5𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 4 = 0 .
18.Find the equation of the circle passing through the origin and cutting orthogonally the two circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 10 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 6 = 0 . MAY - 2018
19.Find the equation of the circle passing through (1, 1) and cutting orthogonally the two circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 16 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 1 = 0.
20.Find the equation of the circle passing through the origin and cutting orthogonally the two circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 3 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 + 12 = 0 .
21.Find the equation of the circle which intersects the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3 = 0 orthogonally
and passing through the point (3, 0) and touches the y- axis.
MODEL – 5
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
22.Prove that the radical axis of the circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔′𝑥 + 2𝑓′𝑦 + 𝑐′ = 0
is the diameter of the later circle (or the former bisects the circumference of the later), if
2𝑔′(𝑔 − 𝑔′) + 2f'(𝑓 − 𝑓′) = 𝑐 − 𝑐′ .
23.If two circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔′𝑥 + 2𝑓′𝑦 = 0 touch each other,
then show that f'g = fg'. MAR – 16 (TS), MARCH - 2020
24.Show that the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 are touch each other if
1 1 1
+ = .
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐
25.Show that the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 8 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 6 = 0, touch each
other and find the point of contact. MAR - 14
26.Show that the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 20 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 90 = 0, touch each
other internally. find the point of contact and the equation of common tangent. MAR – 15 (TS)
MODEL - 6
27.Find the equation of the circle which cuts orthogonally the three circles
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 17𝑦 + 4 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 7𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 11 = 0, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 + 22𝑦 + 3 = 0 .
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 1 = 0 , 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 3 = 0 .
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 5 = 0, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 5𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 15 = 0 .
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 , 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 3 = 0, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3 = 0 .
MODEL - 7
31.If the angle between the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 41 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 59 = 0 is
45°. find K.
Model - 1
1. Find k , if the circles x2 + y 2 + 2by − k = 0, x2 + y 2 + 2ax + 8 = 0 are orthogonal.

2. Find k , if the circles x2 + y2 − 6x − 8 y + 12 = 0, x2 + y2 − 4x + 6 y + k = 0 are orthogonal.
3. Find k , if the circles x2 + y 2 − 5x −14 y − 34 = 0, x2 + y 2 + 2x + 4 y + k = 0 are orthogonal.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Mar – 2018, Mar - 2020
4. Find k , if the circles x2 + y 2 + 4x + 8 = 0, x2 + y 2 −16 y + k = 0 are orthogonal.
Model - 2
5. Find the angle between the circles x2 + y 2 −12x − 6 y + 41 = 0, x2 + y 2 + 4x + 6 y − 59 = 0 .

May – 2018, May - 2019
6. Find the angle between the circles x2 + y2 + 6x −10 y −135 = 0, x2 + y2 − 4x + 14 y −116 = 0
7. Find the angle between the circles x2 + y 2 + 4x −14 y + 28 = 0, x2 + y 2 + 4x − 5 = 0
3
8. Show that angle between the circles x2 + y 2 = a2 , x2 + y 2 = ax + ay is
4
Model - 3
9. Show that the circles x2 + y 2 − 2x − 2 y − 7 = 0,3x2 + 3 y 2 − 8x + 29 y = 0 are orthogonal to each

other.
10.Show that the circles x2 + y 2 + 4x − 2 y −11 = 0, x2 + y 2 − 4x − 8 y + 11 = 0 are orthogonal to
each other.
11.Show that the circles x2 + y 2 − 2lx + g = 0, x2 + y 2 + 2my − g = 0 are orthogonal to each other.
12.Show that the circles x2 + y 2 − 2x + 4 y + 4 = 0, x2 + y 2 + 3x + 4 y + 1 = 0 are orthogonal to each
other.
Model - 4
13.Find the equation of the radical axis of the circles

x2 + y 2 − 3x − 4 y + 5 = 0,3( x2 + y 2 ) − 7 x + 8 y −11 = 0
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
x2 + y 2 + 2x + 4 y + 1 = 0, x2 + y 2 + 4x + y = 0

x2 + y 2 + 4x + 6 y − 7 = 0, 4( x2 + y 2 ) + 8x + 12 y − 9 = 0 . Mar - 2019

x2 + y 2 − 2x − 4 y −1 = 0, x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6 y + 5 = 0

x2 + y 2 − 5x + 6 y + 12 = 0, x2 + y 2 + 6x − 4 y −14 = 0

2x2 + 2 y 2 + 3x + 6 y − 5 = 0,3x2 + 3 y 2 − 7 x + 8 y −11 = 0
19.Prove that the radical axis of two circles is perpendicular to the line joining their
centres.
Model - 5
20.Find the equation of the common chord of the circles

x2 + y 2 − 4x − 4 y + 3 = 0, x2 + y 2 − 5x − 6 y + 4 = 0

x2 + y 2 + 2x + 3 y + 1 = 0, x2 + y 2 + 4x + 3 y + 2 = 0

( x − a)2 + ( y − b)2 = c2 ,( x − b)2 + ( y − a)2 = c2
Model - 6
23.Find the equation of the common tangent of the circles

x2 + y 2 + 10x − 2 y + 22 = 0, x2 + y 2 + 2x − 8 y + 8 = 0
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
24.Find the equation of the common tangent of the circles
x2 + y 2 − 8 y − 4 = 0, x2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4 y = 0
3.parabola
2+7 = 9 M
Conic Sections:
The Circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, a pair of intersecting straight lines; a straight line
and a point are called as conic sections because each is a section of a double napped right
circular cone with a plane.
Note: A pair of parallel straight lines is not a conic section as there is no plane
which cuts the cone along two parallel lines.
The generated conic sections are a circle, an ellipse, a parabola, a hyperbola. The
degenerated conic sections are a point, a straight line, a pair of intersecting straight lines.
1. Conic:
The locus of a point on a plane such that its distance from a fixed point and fixed
straight line in the plane are in a constant ratio e , is called a cone.
▪ The fixed point is called the focus and usually denoted by S.
▪ The fixed straight line is called the directrix.
▪ The constant ratio e is called the eccentricity.
▪ The straight line of the plane passing through the focus and perpendicular to the
directrix is called the axis.
SP
There fore the locus of a point P moving on a plane such that = e (constant) where
PM
PM is the perpendicular distance from P to the directrix, is called a conic.
• If e = 1 , the conic is called a parabola.
• If 0  e  1, the conic is called an ellipse.
• If e  1 , the conic is called a hyperbola.
• If e = 0 , the conic is called a circle
• Foci are inside the conic.
• Directrices are out side the conic and never intersect the conic.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
2. Parabola:
A parabola is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed line and a
fixed point (not on the line) in the plane.
3. Various forms of a parabola:
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
4. Chord of a parabola :
The line joining two points of a parabola is called a chord of a parabola.
5. Focal chord of a parabola:
Achord passing through focus is called a focal chord.
6. Double ordinate:
A chord through a point P on the parabola, which is perpendicular to the axis of the
parabola, is called the double ordinate of the point P.
7. Latus rectum :
The double ordinate passing through the fous is called the latus rectum of the parabola.
Note:
• Length of the latus rectum is 4a.
• Extremities of a L.R. are (a, 2a),(a, −2a) .
• Equation of the Latus rectum is x = a
8. The equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to X- axis is x = ly 2 + my + n
9. The equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to Y- axis is y = lx2 + mx + n
10.Focal distance :
The distance of a point on the parabola from its focus is called focal distance of the
parabola.
Note: Length of the focal distance is x1 + a
P( x1 , y1 )
x1 + a
A
X
X
S (a,0)
Y
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
11.Para metric equations of a parabola:
The parametric equations of the parabola are x = at 2 , y = 2at
The parametric point is P(at 2 , 2at )
12.Notation:
(i) S = 0  y 2 − 4ax = 0
(ii) S1 = 0  yy1 − 2a( x + x1 )
(iii) S12 = 0  y1 y2 − 2a( x1 + x2 )
(iv) S11 = 0  y12 − 4ax1
13.Parabola and a point in the plane of the parabola :
(i) P lies out side the parabola (i.e. P is an external point)  S11  0
(ii) P lies on the parabola  S11 = 0
(iii) P lies inside the parabola (i.e. P is an internal point)  S11  0
14.The condition for a straight line y = mx + c(m  0) to be a tangent to the parabola

a
y 2 = 4ax is c = .
m
15.The equation of the tangent at the point ( x1 , y1 ) on the parabola S=0 is S1 = 0 .
a
16.The equation of the tangent to the parabola S=0 having slope m is y = mx + . And
m
tangential point is  2 , 
a 2a
m m
17.The equation of the tangent to the parabola S=0 at the point t is x − yt + at 2 = 0 .
18.The equation of the normal to the parabola S=0 at the point ( x1 , y1 ) is
− y1
( y − y1 ) = ( x − x1 )
2a
19.The equation of the normal to the parabola S=0 at the point t is y + xt = 2at + at 3
3.PARABOLA
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Model - 1
1. Show that the equation of a parabola in standard form is 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 .

MAR–16 (TS), May–15, Mar–15, May - 19
2. Prove that the area of the triangle inscribed in the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 is
1
|(𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )(𝑦2 − 𝑦3 )(𝑦3 − 𝑦1 )| sq. units, where If 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 are the ordinates of its vertices.
8𝑎
May – 15 (TS), BOARD PAPER
3. Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is S (3, 5) and vertex is A (1, 3). Mar - 19
4. Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is (−2,3) and directrix is 2x + 3y = 4. Also find the
length of the latusrectum and the equation of the axis of the parabola.
5. Prove that two parabolas 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 = 4𝑏𝑦 intersect (other than the origin) at an angle of
1 1
3𝑎 ⁄3 𝑏 ⁄3
Tan−1 [ 2 2 ] . Mar – 14
2(𝑎 ⁄3 + 𝑏 ⁄3 )
6. (i) If the coordinates of the ends of a focal chord of the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 are
(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) , then prove that 𝑥1 𝑥2 = 𝑎2 , 𝑦1 𝑦2 = −4𝑎2 .
(ii) For a focal chord PQ of the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 if SP = l and SQ = l'
1 1 1
then prove that + = .
l l' a
Model - 2
7. Find the equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to y – axis and passing through
(4, 5), (−2, 11) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−4, 21) . May - 12
8. Find the equation of the parabola passing through the points (−1, 2), (1, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2, 1) and having
its axis is parallel to the X – axis. Mar – 13
9. Find the equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to X – axis and which passes through the
points (−2, 1), (1, 2), 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−1, 3) . May – 18, May – 16
Model - 3
10. Find the coordinates of the vertex and focus, and the equation of the directrix and axis of the
parabola 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5 = 0 .
parabola 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 2 = 0 .
parabola 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3 = 0 .
parabola 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3 = 0 .
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Model - 4
14. Show that the equations of the common tangents to the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎2 and the parabola 𝑦 2 = 8𝑎𝑥
are 𝑦 = ±(𝑥 + 2𝑎) . May – 16 (TS)
1 1 2 2
15. Show that the common tangent to the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 = 4𝑏𝑦 is 𝑥𝑎 ⁄3 + 𝑦𝑏 ⁄3 + 𝑎 ⁄3 𝑏 ⁄3 = 0
Mar - 16
16. Prove that the area of the triangle formed by the tangents at (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) to the parabola
1
𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 > 0) is 16𝑎
|(𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )(𝑦2 − 𝑦3 )(𝑦3 − 𝑦1 )| sq. units . Mar – 15 (TS), Mar - 18
17. If a normal chord at a point t on the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 subtends a right angle at vertex, then prove that
t = √2 . May - 14
2
18. If the normal at 𝑡1 on the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 meets it again at 𝑡2 then show that 𝑡2 = −𝑡1 − 𝑡1
i.e.
𝑡1 𝑡2 + 𝑡1 2 + 2 = 0 .
19. Find the condition for the line y = mx + c to be a tangent to the parabola 𝑥 2 = 4𝑎𝑦 . Mar - 12
20. If lx + my + n= 0 is a normal to the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 , then show that 𝑎𝑙 3 + 2𝑎𝑙𝑚2 + 𝑚2 𝑛 = 0 .
Parabola
Model - 1
1. Find the coordinates of the point on the parabola y2 = 8x whose focal distance is 10.
May - 2019
5
2. Find the coordinates of the point on the parabola y 2 = 2 x whose focal distance is .
2
Model - 2
3. Find the equation of the parabola whose vertex is (3, −2) , focus is (3,1) . Mar - 2020
4. Find the equation of the parabola whose vertex is (1, −2) , focus is (1, −7) .
5. Find the equation of the parabola whose vertex is A(1,3) and focus is S (3,5) .
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Model - 3
6. Find the vertex, focus, equation of the directrix and axis of the parabola y 2 = 16 x
7. Find the vertex, focus, equation of the directrix and axis of the parabola x2 = −4 y
8. Find the vertex, focus, equation of the directrix and axis of the parabola
y2 − x + 4 y + 5 = 0
9. Find the vertex, focus, equation of the directrix and axis of the parabola
4 y 2 + 12 x − 20 y + 67 = 0
10.Find the vertex, focus, equation of the directrix and axis of the parabola
x2 − 6 x − 6 y + 6 = 0
y2 + 6 y − 2x + 5 = 0
4x2 + 12x − 20 y + 67 = 0
3x 2 − 9 x + 5 y − 2 = 0 .
Model - 4
14.If  , 2  is one extremity of a focal chord of the parabola y2 = 8x . Find the

1
2 
coordinates of the other extremity. May - 2018

15.Prove that the point on the parabola y2 = 4ax (a>0) nearest to the focus is its vertex.
16.Find the equation of the parabola whose latus rectum is the line segment joining the
points (−3, 2) and (−3,1) .
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Model - 5
17.Find the position of the point (6, −6) w.r.to the parabola y 2 = 6 x
18.Find the position of the point (0,1) w.r.to the parabola y 2 = 6 x
19.Find the position of the point (2,3) w.r.to the parabola y 2 = 6 x
Model - 6
20.Find the equation of the tangent to the parabola x2 − 4x − 8 y + 12 = 0 at  4,  .Mar – 2019

3
 2
21.Find the value of K if the line y 2 = 6 x is a tangent and normal to the parabola 2 y = 5x + k .
Mar – 2018
22.Find the equation of the normal to the parabola y 2 = 4 x which parallel to y − 2x + 5 = 0 .
23.Show that the line 2 x − y + 2 = 0 is a tangent to the parabola y 2 = 16 x . Find the point of contact
also.
24.Find the equation of the tangent to the parabola y 2 = 16 x inclined at the angle 60 with its axis and
also find the point of contact.
25.Show that the straight line 7 x + 6 y = 13 is a tangent to the parabola y 2 − 7 x − 8 y + 14 = 0 . and find
the point of contact.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
4.ellipse
4+4=8M
1. Ellipse:
A conic with eccentricity less than unity is called an ellipse. Hence an ellipse is the
locus of a point whose distance from a fixed straight line are in constant ratio e which
less than unity. The fixed point and fixed straight line are called the focus and the
directrix of the ellipse respectively.
x2 y 2
2. The equation of an ellipse in standard form is + = 1.
a 2 b2
3. Major and Minor axes:

The line segment AA and BB of tangent 2a and 2b respectively are called axes of
ellipse.
If a  0 , AA is called major axis and BB is called minor axis and vice versa if a  0 .
4. Various forms of the ellipse:
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
5. Chord of the ellipse :
The line joining two points of a ellipse is called a chord of the ellipse.
6. Focal chord of the ellipse:
Achord passing through foci is called a focal chord.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
7. Double ordinate:
A chord through a point P on the ellipse, which is perpendicular to the axis of the
ellipse, is called the double ordinate of the point P.
8. Latus rectum :
The double ordinate passing through the foci is called the latus rectum of the ellipse.
2b 2
Note: Length of the latus rectum is (a  b)
a
2a 2
Length of the latus rectum is (a  b)
b
 b2   b2   b2   b2 
9. The end of the latus recta are  ae,  ,  ae, −  ,  −ae,  ,  −ae, −  (a  b)
 a  a  a  a
 a2   a2   a2   a2 
10.The end of the latus recta are  , be  ,  − , be  ,  , −be  ,  − , −be  (a  b)
 b   b   b   b 
11.The equations of the latus rectum of the ellipse S=0 are x = ae (a  b)
12.The equations of the latus rectum of the ellipse S=0 are y = be (a  b)
13.Auxiliary circles:
The circles described on the major axis of an ellipse as diameter is called auxiliary
circle of the ellipse.
x2 y 2
The equation of the auxiliary circle of the ellipse is 2
+ 2 = 1(a  b  0) is x2 + y 2 = a2 .
a b
14.Notation :
x2 y 2
(i) S= + −1
a 2 b2
xx yy
(ii) S1 = 21 + 21 − 1
a b
x1 x2 y1 y2
(iii) S12 = 2 + 2 − 1
a b
2 2
x y
(iv) S11 = 12 + 12 − 1
a b
15.Ellipse and a point in the plane of the ellipse :
▪ P lies outside the ellipse ( i.e. P is an external point )  S11  0
▪ P lies on the ellipse  S11 = 0
▪ P lies inside the ellipse ( i.e. P is an internal point )  S11  0
16.Parametric equations of the ellipse:
The parametric equations of the ellipse are x = a cos , y = b sin 
The parametric point of the ellipse are (a cos , b sin  )
17.Director circle of the ellipse:
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
The director circle is the locus of the point of intersection of pair of
perpendicular tangents to an ellipse.
Note:
➢ Equation of the director circle of the ellipse S=0 is x2 + y 2 = a 2 + b2 .
➢ The centre of the director circle is the centre of the ellipse.
➢ The radius of the director circle is equal to a2 + b2
x2 y 2
18.The tangential condition for a straight line y = mx + c to an ellipse + = 1 is
a 2 b2
c2 = a2 m2 + b2 .
x2 y 2
19.The equation of the tangent at P( x1 , y1 ) on the ellipse + = 1 is S1 = 0
a 2 b2
x2 y 2
20.The equation of the tangent to the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 having slope m is
a b
y = mx  a 2 m2 + b2 and the tangential points (point of contacts) are
 a 2m b2   a 2m b2 
 − ,  and  ,−  .
 c c   c c 
x2 y 2 x y
21.The equation of the tangent at P( ) on the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 is cos  + sin  = 1
a b a b
x 2
y 2 2
a x b2 y
22.The equation of the normal at P( x1 , y1 ) on the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 is − = a 2 − b2 .
a b x1 y1
x2 y 2 ax by
23.The equation of the normal at P( ) on the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 is − = a 2 − b2 .
a b cos  sin 
24.The equation of the chord joining two points ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 ) on the ellipse S = 0 is
S1 + S2 = S12 .
4.ELLIPSE
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
MODEL - 1
1. Find the equation of the ellipse with focus at
(1, −1), 𝑒 = 2⁄3 and the directrix is 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 22 = 0 . May – 2016
MODEL - 2
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
2. Find the length of the major axis, minor axis, latus rectum, eccentricity, coordinates of
centre, foci and the equation of the directrix of the ellipse 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 = 144 .
Mar – 16 (TS), Mar - 14
centre, foci and the equation of the directrix of the ellipse
4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 . Mar – 18, 11, 10, MAY - 2018
𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 14 = 0 .
9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 − 36𝑥 + 32𝑦 − 92 = 0. Mar – 15, May – 15
MODEL - 3
𝑥2 𝑦2
6. If P is a point on the ellipse 2
+ = 1 with foci S and S' then prove that
𝑎 𝑏2
PS + PS' = 2a.
MODEL - 4
7. Find the eccentricity of the ellipse whose latus rectum is equal to half of its minor axis.
Mar - 2013
8. Find the eccentricity of the ellipse (in standard form), if its length of latus rectum is
equal to half of its major axis.
9. S and T are the foci of an ellipse and B is one end of the minor axis. If STB is an
equilateral triangle, then find the eccentricity of the ellipse. MARCH - 2020
10.Find the equation of the ellipse whose axes are the coordinate axes and with latus
rectum of length 4 and distance between foci 4√2 . Mar – 2019, May - 2019
11.Find the equation of the ellipse whose axes are the coordinate axes and with latus
rectum of length 15⁄2 and distance between foci 2. MARCH - 2018
12.Find the equation of the ellipse in standard form such that distance between foci is 8 and
distance between direcrices is 32.
MODEL - 5
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
13.If the ends of major axis of an ellipse are (5, 0) and (−5, 0) , Find the equation of the
ellipse if its focus lies on the line 3x – 5y – 9 = 0.
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
14.Find the equation of the ellipse in the form + = 1 , given that centre
𝑎2 𝑏2
1
(2, −1), one end of major axis (2, −5), e = .
3
15.Find the radius of the circle passing through the foci of an ellipse 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 = 144
and having least radius.
MODEL - 6
16.Find the equations of the tangent normal to the ellipse 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 11 at the point
whose ordinates is 1.
17.Find the equations of the tangent normal to the ellipse 𝑥 2 + 8𝑦 2 = 33 at (−1, 2) .
18.Prove that the equation of the chord joining the points with eccentric angles α and β on
the ellipse
𝑥 𝛼+ 𝛽 𝑦 𝛼+ 𝛽 𝛼− 𝛽
S = 0 is cos ( ) + 𝑏 sin( ) = cos( ).
𝑎 2 2 2
MODEL - 7
19. Find the value of K if 4x + y + k = 0 is a tangent to the ellipse 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 3 .

20. Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the ellipse 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 = 144 at the
end of latusrecta in the first quadrant.
21. Find the equations of the tangents to the ellipse 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 8 which are
(i) parallel to x – 2y – 4 = 0.
(ii) perpendicular to x + y + 2 = 0

(iii) which makes an angle with X-axis. May – 2019
4
22. Prove that the condition that the line y = mx + c to be a tangent to the ellipse
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 = 1 .
23. Find the condition for the line lx + my + n = 0 to be a tangent to the ellipse
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 = 1 .
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
24.Find the equations of the tangent 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 = 144 which makes equal intercepts on
the coordinate axes.
25. Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the ellipse
𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 14 = 0 𝑎𝑡 (2, −1).
26.Find the equations of the tangent normal to the ellipse 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 11 at the point
whose ordinates is 1.
27.Find the equations of the tangent normal to the ellipse 𝑥 2 + 8𝑦 2 = 33 at (−1, 2) .
MODEL - 8
28. Show that the point of intersection of perpendicular tangents to an ellipse S = 0 lies on
the circle.
29. Show that the locus of the feet of the perpendiculars drawn from foci to any tangent
of the ellipse is the auxiliary circle. Mar -2019
30.A circle of radius 4, is concentric with the ellipse 3x2 + 13 y 2 = 78 . Prove that a common

tangent is inclined to the major axis at angle . May - 2018
4
31.Find the radius of the circle passing through the foci of an ellipse 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 = 144
and having least radius.
32.A man running on a race notices that the sum of the distances of the two flag points
from him is always 10m and the distance between the flag posts is 8m. Find the equation
of the race course traced by the man.
33.Find the coordinates of the points on the ellipse 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 37 at which the normal is
parallel to the line 6x – 5y = 2.
𝑥2 𝑦2
34.If the normal at the end of latus rectum of an ellipse
𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 = 1 passes through one
end of the minor axis then show that 𝑒 4 + 𝑒 2 = 1.
35.The tangent and normal to the ellipse 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 4 at a point P(𝜃) on its meets the
𝜋
major axis in Q and R respectively, If 0 < 𝜃 < and QR = 2, then show that
2
-1 2
𝜃 = cos ( ) .
3
36.Find the condition for the line x cosα + y sinβ = p to be a tangent to the ellipse
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑎2
+ 𝑏2 = 1 .
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
5.hyperbola
2+4=6M
1. Hyperbola:
A conic with eccentricity greater than unity is called a hyperbola. Hence a hyperbola is
the locus of a point whose distance from a fixed straight line are in constant ratio e
which greater than unity. The fixed point and fixed straight line are called the focus
and the directrix of the hyperbola respectively.
x2 y 2
2. The equation of a hyperbola in standard form is 2 − 2 = 1 .
a b
3. Chord of a hyperbola:
The line joining two points of a hyperbola is called a chord of a hyperbola.
4. Focal chord of a hyperbola:
Achord passing through foci is called a focal chord.
5. Double ordinate:
A chord through a point P on the hyperbola, which is perpendicular to the axis of the
hyperbola, is called the double ordinate of the point P.
6. Latus rectum :
The double ordinate passing through the foci is called the latus rectum of the
hyperbola.
Note:
2b 2
(i) Length of the latus rectum is (a  b)
a
2a 2
(ii) Length of the latus rectum is (a  b)
b
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
x2 y 2
7. The focal distance of the point P( x1 , y1 ) on the hyperbola − = 1 w.r.to focus S is
a 2 b2
SP = ex1 − a .
x2 y 2
8. The focal distance of the point P( x1 , y1 ) on the hyperbola − = 1 w.r.to focus S  is
a 2 b2
S P = ex1 + a .
9. The equation of the tangents at the vertices is x = a .
10.Transverse and Conjugate axes:
The line segment AA and BB of tangent 2a and 2b respectively are called axes of
hyperbola.
If a  0 , AA is called transverse axis and BB is called conjugate axis and vice versa if
a 0.
 b2   b2   b2   b2 
11.The end of the latus recta are  ae,  
, ae, −  
, − ae,  
, − ae, −  (a  b)
 a  a  a  a
 a2   a2   a2   a2 
12.The end of the latus recta are  , be  ,  − , be  ,  , −be  ,  − , −be  (a  b)
 b   b   b   b 
13.The equations of the latus rectum of the hyperbola S=0 are x = ae (a  b)
14.The equations of the latus rectum of the hyperbola S=0 are y = be (a  b)
15.Notation:
x2 y 2
(i) S = 2 − 2 −1
a b
xx yy
(ii) S1 = 21 − 21 − 1
a b
xx yy
(iii) S12 = 1 22 − 1 2 2 − 1
a b
2 2
x y
(iv) S11 = 12 − 12 − 1
a b
16.Various forms of a hyperbola:
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
17.Rectangular hyperbola:
If in a hyperbola length of the transverse axis(2a) is equal to the length of the
conjugate axis (2b) the hyperbola is called a rectangular hyperbola.
Note:
(i) The equation of a rectangular hyperbola is x2 − y 2 = a2
(ii) The eccentricity of a rectangular hyperbola is 2
18.Auxiliary circle:
The circle described on the transverse axis of a hyperbola as diameter is called the
auxiliary circle of the hyperbola.
Note: The equation of the auxiliary circle of S= 0 is x2 + y 2 = a2
19.Director circle:
The Director circle of a hyperbola is defined as the locus of the point of intersection of two
perpendicular tangents to the hyperbola.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
x2 y 2
For any standard hyperbola − =1 ,
a 2 b2
The equation of Director circle is given by x2 + y 2 = a2 − b2
Note: The Director circle is a circle whose centre is same as centre of the hyperbola and
the radius is a2 − b2 .
20.Conjugate hyperbola:
The hyperbola whose transverse and conjugate axis are respectively the conjugate and
transverse axis of a given hyperbola, is called the conjugate hyperbola of the given
hyperbola.
21.Parametric equations:
The parametric equations are x = a sec , y = b tan 
The parametric point is ( a sec , b tan  )
22.Hyperbola and a point in the plane of the hyperbola :
▪ P lies outside the hyperbola ( i.e. P is an external point )  S11  0
▪ P lies on the hyperbola  S11 = 0
▪ P lies inside the hyperbola ( i.e. P is an internal point )  S11  0
x2 y 2
23.The tangential condition for a straight line y = mx + c to a hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1 is
a b
c = a m −b .
2 2 2 2
x2 y 2
24.The equation of the tangent at P( x1 , y1 ) on the hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1 is S1 = 0
a b
2 2
x y
25.The equation of the tangent to the hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1 having slope m is
a b
y = mx  a 2 m2 − b2 and the tangential points (point of contacts) are
 a 2m b2   a 2m b2 
 − , −  and  , .
 c c   c c 
x2 y 2 x y
26.The equation of the tangent at P( ) on the hyperbola 2
− 2 = 1 is sec  − tan  = 1
a b a b
2 2
x y
27.The equation of the normal at P( x1 , y1 ) on the hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1 is
a b
2 2
a x b y
+ = a 2 + b2 .
x1 y1
x2 y 2 ax by
28.The equation of the normal at P( ) on the hyperbola 2 − 2 = 1 is + = a 2 + b2 .
a b sec  tan 
b
29.The equation of the asymptotes of a hyperbola S=0 are y =  x
a
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
x2 y 2
30.The combined equation of the asymptotes is − = 0.
a 2 b2
5.HYPERBOLA
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
MODEL - 1
1. Find the centre, foci, eccentricity, equations of the directrices, length of the latus
rectum of the hyperbola 16𝑦 2 − 9𝑥 2 = 144 . MARCH - 2018
rectum of the hyperbola 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 = 4. MARCH – 2020, 2018
rectum of the hyperbola 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 − 32 = 0
rectum of the hyperbola 4 ( y + 3)2 − 9 ( x − 2)2 = 1 . MAY - 2019
rectum of the hyperbola 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 + 20𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 4 .
MODEL - 2
6. One focus of a hyperbola is located at the point (1, −3) and the corresponding
directrix is the line y = 2. Find the equation of the hyperbola if its eccentricity is 3⁄2 .
MODEL - 3
7. Find the equations of the tangents to the hyperbola 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 = 4 which are

(i) parallel
(ii) perpendicular to the line x + 2y = 0. Mar – 2019, 2013
8. Find the equations of the tangents to the hyperbola 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 = 12 which are
(i) parallel
(ii) perpendicular to the line y = x – 7. BOARD MODEL PAPER
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
9. If 3x – 4y + k = 0 is a tangent to the hyperbola 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 = 5, find the value of K.
MARCH – 2020
MODEL - 4
10.Prove that the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to the hyperbola
𝑥2 𝑦2
2
− = 1 lies on the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .
𝑎 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2
11.Tangents to the hyperbola 2
− = 1 makes angles 𝜃1 and 𝜃2 with transverse axis
𝑎 𝑏2
of a hyperbola. Show that the point of intersection of their tangents lies on the curve
2xy = k(𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 ) on the curve tan 1 + tan 2 = k . MAY - 2018
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 MARKS)

1 1
12. If e and e1 are the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate, prove that + = 1.
𝑒2 𝑒1 2
13. If the eccentricity of a hyperbola is 5⁄4, then find the eccentricity of its conjugate hyperbola.
May - 2019
𝑏
14. Show that the angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola S = 0 is 2 Tan-1 𝑎 or 2sec −1 𝑒 .
15. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (±5, 0), the transverse axis is of length 8.
MAY - 2018
16. Find the equation of the normal at 𝜃 = 𝜋⁄3 to the hyperbola 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 = 12.
17. If the angle between the asymptotes of a hyperbola is 30° then find its eccentricity.
18. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (4, 2) and (8, 2) and eccentricity 2.
19. Find the equation of the hyperbola of given length of transverse axis 6 whose vertex bisects the
distance between the centre and the focus.
𝑥2 𝑦2
20. Find the product of lengths of the perpendiculars from any point on the hyperbola - = 1 to its
16 9
assymptotes. Mar - 2019
21. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose asymptotes are 3x = ± 5y and the vertices are (±5, 0) .
22. Define rectangular hyperbola and find its eccentricity.
23. If the lines 3x – 4y = 12 and 3x + 4y = 12 meets on a hyperbola S = 0 then find the eccentricity of the
hyperbola S = 0.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
CALCULUS
6.INTEGRATION
2+7+7=16M
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Standard FORMULAE:
x2
1) ∫ x dx = +c
2
x3
2) ∫ x 2 dx = +c
3
x4
3) ∫ x 3 dx = +c
4
xn+1
4) ∫ x n dx = +c
n+1
5) ∫ ex dx = ex + c
6) ∫ ax dx = ax log a e + c
1
7) ∫ dx = log|x| + c
x
1 −1
8) ∫ 2 dx = +c
x x
9) ∫ dx = x + c
10) ∫ k dx = kx + c
kx2
11) ∫ kx dx = +c
2
2 2 3
12) ∫ √x dx = x√x + c (or) x2 + c
3 3
1
13) ∫ dx = 2√x + c
√x
14) ∫ log e x dx = x log x − x + c
15) ∫ sin x dx = - cos x + c
16) ∫ cos x dx = sin x + c
17) ∫ tan x dx = log|sec x| + c
18) ∫ cot x dx = log|sin x| + c

BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
π X
19) ∫ sec x dx = log|sec x + tan x| + c (or) log |tan ( + )| + c
4 2
X
20) ∫ cosecx dx = log|cosecx − cotx| + c (or) log |tan | + c
2
21) ∫ sec 2 x dx = tan x + c
22) ∫ cosec 2 x dx = - cot x + c
23) ∫ secx tanx dx = sec x + c
24) ∫ cosecx cotx dx = - cosec x + C
1 1 x
25) ∫ dx = tan−1 + c
a2 + x2 a a
1
26) ∫ dx = tan−1 x + c
1+ x2
1
27) ∫ dx = tanh−1 x + c
1−x2
1 x
28) ∫ dx = sin−1 + c
√a2 − x2 a
1
29) ∫ dx = sin−1 x + c
√1− x2
1 1 −1 x
30) ∫ dx = (sec )+c
x√x2 − a2 a a
1 x x+ √a2 + x2
31) ∫ dx = sinh−1 + c (or) log ( )+c
√a2 + x2 a a
1
32) ∫ dx = sinh−1 x + c (or) log(x + √1 + x 2 ) + c
√1+ x2
1 x x+ √x2 − a2
33) ∫ dx = cosh−1 + c (or) log ( )+c
√x2 − a2 a a
1
34) ∫ dx = cosh−1 x + c (or) log(x + √x 2 − 1) + C
√x2 −1
x a2 x
35) ∫ √a2 − x 2 dx = √a2 − x 2 + sin−1 + c
2 2 a
x a2 x
36) ∫ √a2 + x 2 dx = √a2 + x 2 + sinh−1 + c
2 2 a
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
x a2 x
37) ∫ √x 2 − a2 dx = √x 2 − a2 − cosh−1 + c
2 2 a
1 1 a+x
38) ∫ dx = log | |+c
a2 − x2 2a a−x
1 1 x−a
39) ∫ dx = log | |+c
x2 − a2 2a x+a
f′ (x)
40) ∫ dx = 2 √f(x) + c
√f(x)
f′ (x)
41) ∫ dx = log|f(x)| + c
f(x)
{f(x)}n+1
42) ∫{f(x)}n f ′ (x) dx = +c
n+1
3
2
43) ∫ √f(x) f ′ (x) dx = f(x)2 + c
3
44) ∫ ex [f(x) + f ′ (x)] dx = ex f(x) + c
45) ∫ sinh x dx = cosh x + c
46) ∫ cosh x dx = sinh x + c
47) ∫ sech2 x dx = tanh x + c
48) ∫ cosech2 x dx = - coth x + c
49) ∫ sechx tanhx dx = - sech x + c
50) ∫ cosechx cothx dx = - cosech x
eax+b
51) ∫ eax+b dx = +c
a
1 1
52) ∫ dx = log|ax + b| + c
ax+b a
𝚰ntegration by parts rule:

du
53) ∫ uv dx = u ∫ v dx - ∫ ( ∫ v dx) dx + c
dX
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
1
6.INTEGRATION 11.Evaluate ∫
2−3cos2x
dx
IMP Questions (Long answer type dx

12.Evaluate ∫
3cosx+4sinx+6
questions) dx
13.Evaluate ∫
1+sinx+cosx
MODEL - 1 MARCH - 2020
1. Evaluate ∫(3x − 2) √2x 2 − x + 1 dx dx

14.Evaluate ∫
4cosx+3sinx
2. Evaluate ∫(6x + 5) √6 − 2x 2 + x dx
MAY - 2018
3. Evaluate ∫ x √1 + x − x 2 dx MODEL - 4
MODEL - 2 15.Evaluate ∫ 2
2x+5
dx
√x −2x+10
2sinx+3cosx+4
4. Evaluate ∫ dx x+1
3sinx+4cosx+5 16.Evaluate ∫ 2 dx
√x −x+1
3sinx+cosx+7
5. Evaluate ∫ dx 5−x
sinx+cosx+1
17.Evaluate ∫ √ dx
x−2
MARCH - 2019
2cosx+3sinx
MODEL - 5
6. Evaluate ∫ dx
4cosx+5sinx
1
18.Evaluate ∫ dx
9cosx−sinx (1+x)√3+2x− x2
7. Evaluate ∫ dx
4sinx+5cosx
dx
19.Evaluate ∫
(x+1)√2x2 +3x+1
MODEL - 3
1
dx 20.Evaluate ∫ dx
8. Evaluate ∫ (1+ √x)√(x− x2 )
5+4cosx
1
1 21.Evaluate ∫ dx
9. Evaluate ∫ dx (1−x)√3−2x− x2
4+5sinx
dx
10.Evaluate ∫
5+4cos2x
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
MODEL – 6
22.Obtain the reduction formula for Ιn = ∫ sinn x dx n being a positive integer n≥ 2 and deduce the
value of ∫ sin4 x dx . MAY - 19
23.Obtain the reduction formula for Ιn = ∫ cosn x dx, n being a positive integer n≥ 2 MARCH – 2020,
MAY - 2018
24.Obtain the reduction formula for Ιn = ∫ sec n dx, n being a positive integer n≥ 2 and deduce the
value of ∫ sec 5 x dx.
25.Obtain the reduction formula for Ιn = ∫ cosec n dx , n being a positive integer n≥ 2 and deduce the
value of ∫ cosec 5 x dx .
26.Obtain the reduction formula for ∫ tann xdx , n being a positive integer n≥ 2 and deduce the values of
∫ tan5 xdx and ∫ tan6 xdx. MARCH - 2018
27.Obtain reduction formula for Ιn = ∫ cot n xdx, n being a Positive integer, n≥ 2 and deduce the value
of ∫ cot 4 xdx.
MODEL – 7
dx 7x−4
28.Evaluate ∫ x3+1 32.Evaluate ∫ (x−1)2(x+2) dx
2x+3 1
29.Evaluate ∫ (x+2)(x2+4) dx 33.Evaluate ∫ (x−a)(x−b)(x−c) dx
x+3 x3 −2x+3
30.Evaluate ∫ (x−1)(x2+1) dx 34.Evaluate ∫ dx
x2 +x−2
sinxcosx
31.Evaluate ∫ cos2x+3cosx+2 dx
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Integration
Model - 1
1. Evaluate  1 + − 2 dx

2 3
x x 
 1− x 
2. Evaluate   dx
 x 
 1 2 
3. Evaluate   + dx
 1− x 1+ x 
2 2
(3x + 1)2
4. Evaluate  2 x dx, x  I  R − 0 . May - 2018
5. Evaluate   
1 1
+ 2 
dx
 1− x 1+ x 
2
6. Evaluate   x +  dx, x  0
1
 x 
7. Evaluate  (1 − x)(4 − 3x)(3 + 2 x)dx
elog x
8. Evaluate  x dx
Model – 2
(trigonometric functions)
9. Evaluate  Cot 2 xdx
10.Evaluate  elog(1+ tan x ) dx

2
11.Evaluate  sec2 x cos ec 2 xdx

BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
M.Sc.,B.Ed., MATHEMATICS – 2B Page | 72
cos x + sin x
12.Evaluate  1 + sin 2 x
dx
13.Evaluate  1 + sin 2xdx
14.Evaluate  1 − sin 2xdx
15.Evaluate  1 − cos 2xdx
16.Evaluate  1 + cos 2xdx
sin 2 x
17.Evaluate  1 + cos 2 xdx
1 + cos 2 x
18.Evaluate  1 − cos 2 xdx
1
19.Evaluate  1 + cos xdx
1
20.Evaluate  cosh x + sinh xdx May - 2019
21.Evaluate  cos x cos 2 xdx
22.Evaluate  cos x cos 3xdx
23.Evaluate  sin mx cos nxdx
24.Evaluate  sin mx sin nxdx
25.Evaluate  cos mx cos nxdx
26.Evaluate  cos3 xdx
27.Evaluate  sin 3 xdx
28.Evaluate  cos 4 xdx
Model – 3
(substitution method)
2x +1
29.Evaluate x 2
+ x +1
dx
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
x
30.Evaluate  1+ x 2
dx
2x + 3
31.Evaluate  x 2 + 3x − 4
dx
ax n −1
32.Evaluate  bx n + cdx
x2
33.Evaluate  1 − x6
dx
x8
34.Evaluate  dx
1 + x18
3x 2
35.Evaluate  1 + x6 dx
2 x3
36.Evaluate  1 + x8 dx
sin(log x)
37.Evaluate  x
dx
cos(log x)
38.Evaluate  x
dx
cot(log x)
39.Evaluate  x
dx
1
40.Evaluate  x log xdx
log x
41.Evaluate  x2
dx May - 2018
(log x) 2
42.Evaluate  x dx
(1 + log x)n
43.Evaluate  x dx
log(1 + x)
44.Evaluate  1+ x
dx
1
45.Evaluate  x log x[log(log x)]dx
46.Evaluate  2 xe x dx
2
47.Evaluate  e x sin e x dx
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
e x (1 + x)
48.Evaluate  cos2 ( xe x )dx Mar - 2019
49.Evaluate  x3 sin( x 4 )dx
cos x
50.Evaluate  x
dx
sin(Tan −1 x)
51.Evaluate  1 + x2 dx Mar - 2018
52.Evaluate 
3
sin x cos xdx
53.Evaluate  cos ec 2 x cot xdx
54.Evaluate  sec(tan x) sec 2 xdx
55.Evaluate  tan 4 x sec2 xdx
sin 4 x
56.Evaluate  6 dx
cos x
sec2 x
57.Evaluate  (1 + tan x)3 dx
cos ec 2 x
58.Evaluate  (a + b cot x)5 dx
cos x
59.Evaluate  (1 + sin x) dx Mar - 2020
2
1
60.Evaluate  1 + sin 2 xdx
61.Evaluate  sec x log(sec x + tan x)dx
Model – 4
(standard formulae)
1
62.Evaluate  1 − 4x2
dx
2
63.Evaluate  25 + 9 x 2
dx
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
dx
64.Evaluate  25 + x 2
3
65.Evaluate  9x2 −1
dx
66.Evaluate  16 − 25x 2 dx
dx
67.Evaluate x 2
− 81
Model – 5
(integration by parts)
68.Evaluate  xe x dx
69.Evaluate  x log xdx Mar - 2020
70.Evaluate  x cos xdx
71.Evaluate  x sec2 xdx

log x
72.Evaluate  x2
dx
73.Evaluate  log xdx
74.Evaluate  sin −1 xdx
75.Evaluate  cos −1 xdx
76.Evaluate  Tan −1 xdx
77.Evaluate  e x sin xdx
78.Evaluate  e x cos xdx
Model – 6
(  e x [ f ( x) + f ( x)]dx = e x f ( x) + c )
1
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
79.Evaluate  e x (sin x + cos x)dx
80.Evaluate  e x (cos x − sin x)dx
81.Evaluate  e x (sec x + sex tan x)dx
82.Evaluate  e x (1 + tan 2 x + tan x)dx
83.Evaluate  e x (tan x + log sec x)dx
84.Evaluate  e x  tan −1 x +  1
2 
dx
 1+ x 
 1 + x log x 
e
x
85.Evaluate  dx Mar - 2018
 x 
xe x
86.Evaluate  dx
( x + 1) 2
e x ( x + 2)
87.Evaluate  dx
( x + 3)2
Model - 7
(Miscellaneous problems)
dx
88.Evaluate  1+ e x
May - 2019
1
89.Evaluate e x
−1
dx
90.Evaluate  ( x + 1)( x + 2) Mar - 2019
x −1
91.Evaluate  ( x − 2)( x − 3)dx
1
92.Evaluate  (x 2
+ a )( x 2 + b 2 )
2
dx
sin x
93.Evaluate  sin(a + x)dx
 x6 − 1 
94.Evaluate   1 + x 2 dx
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
(a x − b x ) 2
95.Evaluate  a xb x dx
96.Evaluate  cos(log x)dx
97.Evaluate  sin xdx
98.Evaluate  cos xdx
Model - 8
(Problems on integrating methods)
1
99.Evaluate  ( x + 3) x+2
dx
1
100. Evaluate  ( x + 2) x +1
dx
dx
101. Evaluate  x + 2 x + 10
2
dx
102. Evaluate  1 + x − x2
dx
103. Evaluate  4x 2
− 4x − 7
dx
104. Evaluate  5 − 2x 2
+ 4x
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
7.DEFINITE INTEGRATION
2+4+7=13M
FORMULAE
1. If F(x) is an integral of f(x) defined on [a, b] then  f ( x) dx =  F ( x) 

b
b
= F (b ) − F ( a ) .
a
a
b a
2.  f ( x)dx = − f ( x)dx
a b
b c b
3. 
a
f ( x)dx =  f ( x)dx +  f ( x)dx, for a < c < b
a c
b b
4.  f ( x)dx =  f (a + b − x)dx
a a
a a
5. 
0
f ( x)dx =  f (a − x)dx
0
na a
6. If f(x) is a periodic function with period a then 
0
f ( x)dx = n  f ( x)dx
0
 a
a
2  f ( x ) dx, If f(x) is an even function i.e. f(-x) = f(x)
7.  f ( x ) dx =  0
−a 
 0, If f(x) is an even function i.e. f(-x) = -f(x)
 a2

f ( x ) dx =  2  f ( x ) dx,
a
8.  If f(a-x) = f(x)

0
0
 0, If f(a-x) = -f(x)
a
2a
2 f ( x)dx If f(2a-x) = f(x)
9.  f ( x)dx = { 0
0
0 If f(2a-x) = -f(x)
 
2 2
( n − 1)( n − 3)( n − 5) ......1. 
10.For even n,  sin xdx =  cos xdx =
n n
0 0 ( n )( n − 2)( n − 4 ) ..........2 2
 
2
( n − 1)( n − 3)( n − 5 ) ......2
2
11.For odd n,  sin n xdx =  cos n xdx = .1

0 ( n )( n − 2 )( n − 4 ) ..........3
0
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
 ( m − 1)( m − 3 ) ..... ( 3 )(1)( n − 1)( n − 3 ) .... ( 3 )(1)  Both m,n are even
 ( m + n )( m + n − 2 )( m + n − 4 ) ...... ( 4 )( 2 )
.
2
 
2
 ( m − 1)( m − 3 ) ..... ( 3 )(1)( n − 1)( n − 3 ) .... ( 4 )( 2 ) If m is even & n is odd
12.  sin m x cos n xdx = 
0  ( m + n )( m + n − 2 )( m + n − 4 ) ...... ( 3)(1)
 ( m − 1)( m − 3 ) ..... ( 4 )( 2 )( n − 1)( n − 3 ) .... ( 2or1) If m is odd & n is even

 ( m + n )( m + n − 2 )( m + n − 4 ) ...... ( 2or1) Both m,n are odd
7.DEFINITE INTEGRATION
LONG Answer type questions
MODEL -1

x
1. Evaluate  1 + sin xdx
0

x sin x
2. Evaluate  1 + sin xdx
0

2
x 
3. Show that  sin x + cos xdx =
0
2
log( 2 + 1) MARCH – 2020, 2018

2
sin 2 x
4. Evaluate 0 cos x + sin xdx

x sin x
5. Evaluate  1 + cos
0
2
x
dx MAY - 2018

x sin 3 x
6. Evaluate 0 1 + cos2 xdx

4
7. Evaluate  log(1 + tan x)dx
0
Mar - 19
log(1 + x)
1
8. Evaluate 0
1 + x 2
dx
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI

4
sin x + cos x
9. Evaluate  9 + 16sin 2 xdx
0
MODEL -2
b
10. Evaluate 
a
( x − a)(b − x)dx
11. Evaluate 
2
(6 − x)( x − 2)dx
9
dx
12. Evaluate 
4 (9 − x)( x − 4)
dx
7−x
7
13. Evaluate 
3
x −3
dx
MODEL -3
x2 y 2
14. Show that the area of the region bounded by by the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 is  ab . Hence deduce the area of
a b
the circle x + y = a .
2 2 2
5
15. Show that the area enclosed between the curves y 2 = 12( x + 3) and y 2 = 20(5 − x) is 64 sq. units.
3
SHORT Answer type Questions
MODEL -1

3
sin x
1. Evaluate 
 sin x + cos x
dx
6
 5
2
cos 2 x
2. Evaluate  5 5
dx
0
sin x + cos x
2 2

2
a sin x + b cos x
3. Evaluate 
0
sin x + cos x
dx
MODEL -2

2
dx
4. Evaluate  4 + 5cos xdx
0
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI

1
5. Evaluate  3 + 2 cos xdx
0
MODEL -3
a
 x(a − x) dx
n
6. Evaluate
0
2
7. Evaluate x
0
2 − xdx
MODEL -4
a 3
8. Find 
−a
x 2 (a 2 − x 2 ) 2 dx
1 3
9. Evaluate  x 2 1 − xdx
0
2 3
10. Evaluate x
0
2
2 − xdx
4 5
 (16 − x ) 2 dx May - 19
2
11. Evaluate
0
3 3
 (9 − x )
2 2
12. Evaluate dx
−3
1 5
 x (1 − x) 2 dx
5
13. Evaluate
0
5 7
 x (25 − x ) 2 dx
3 2
14. Evaluate
0
a 7
 x( a − x ) dx
2 2 2
15. Evaluate
0
MODEL -5

 x sin
7
16. Evaluate x cos 6 xdx
0
MODEL -6
 2x 
1
 sin
−1
17. Evaluate  2 
dx
0  1+ x 
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
MODEL -7
1
 n!  n
18. Find lim  n  .
 
n → n
1
 1   22   n2   n
19. Evaluate lim 1 + 2  1 + 2   1 + 2  
 n   n 
n →
 n 
 1 1 1
20. Evaluate lim  + +  + 
n → n + 1 n+2
 6n 
MODEL -8
2
 (1 + cos x ) (1 − cos x )
5 3
21. Evaluate dx
0
MODEL -9
22. Find the area of the region bounded by
y 2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4by .
y 2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4ay .
y 2 = 4x and x 2 = 4y .
the curves y = 3x and y = 6x − x 2 .
the curves y = 2 − x 2 and y = x 2
27. Find the area enclosed by the curves
y 2 = 4x and y 2 = 4(4 − x) .
28. Find the area enclosed by the curves
y = x 2 − 5 x and y = 4 − 2x .
VERY Short Answer type Questions
MODEL -1
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
4
1. Evaluate  2 − x dx
0
2
2. Evaluate  1 − x dx
0
May – 2019
MODEL -2
sin 2 x − cos 2 x
2
3. Evaluate  3 dx
0
sin x + cos3 x

2
sin 5 x
4. Evaluate 0 sin5 x + cos5 xdx May - 2019
MODEL -3
2
( )
a
5. Evaluate a − x dx
0
2
6. Evaluate 
0
4 − x 2 dx
a
7. Evaluate 
0
a 2 − x 2 dx
2
8. Evaluate 
0
4 − x 2 dx
a
dx
9. Evaluate x
0
2
+ a2
1
dx
10. Evaluate 
0 3 − 2x
Mar - 2019
MODEL -4
1
 xe
− x2
11. Evaluate dx
0
3
xdx
12. Evaluate 
0 x 2 + 16
3
2 xdx
13. Evaluate  1+ x
2
2
14. Evaluate x
1
x 2 − 1dx
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI

15. Evaluate  0
2 + 2cos  d MAR - 18
4
x2
16. Evaluate 0 1 + xdx
1
x2
17. Evaluate 0 1 + x 2 dx

4
 sec  d
4
18. Evaluate
0
MODEL -5

2
cos x
19. Evaluate 
 1 + ex
dx
−
2
1
16
x4
20. Evaluate  1
dx
0
1+ x 2
MODEL -6
 
2 2
 sin xdx =  cos

n n
21. Prove that xdx
0 0

2
 cos
7
22. Evaluate x sin 2 xdx
0

2
 sin
4
23. Evaluate x cos5 xdx
0

2
 sin x cos 4 xdx MARCH – 2020, 2018

2
24. Evaluate
−
2

2
 sin
4
25. Find x cos 4 xdx
0

 sin
3
26. Find x cos6 xdx
0
2
 sin
2
27. Evaluate x cos 4 xdx MAY - 2018
0

2
 sin  cos 7  d
2
28. Evaluate
−
2
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI

2
29. Evaluate  sin 6 x cos4 xdx MAY – 2019, Mar - 2019

0

2
 sin  cos3  d
3
30. Evaluate
−
2

2
 tan
5
31. Evaluate x cos8 xdx
0

2
 sin
10
32. Evaluate x dx
0

2
 cos
11
33. Evaluate xdx
0
MODEL -7
34. Find the area of the region bounded by y = x3 + 3 and x = −1, x = 2

35. Find the area enclosed between the curve y = x 2 and x = −1, x = 2
36. Find the area enclosed by y = ex , y = x , x = 0 , x = 1 .
37. Find the area under the curve f ( x) = sin x in 0, 2 
38. Find the area under the curve f ( x) = cos x in  0, 2 
39. Find the area enclosed between the parabola y = x 2 and the line y = 2 x .
40. Find the area cut off between the line y = 0 and the parabola y = x2 − 4 x + 3 .
41. Find the area enclosed by the curves y = x and y = x2 .
42. Find the area enclosed by the curves y = x 2 and y = x3 .
43. Find the area bounded by y = sin x, y = cos x between any two consecutive points of intersection.
44. Find the area cut off between x = 0 2 x = y 2 − 1.
2x
45. Find the area enclosed by the curves y = cos x , y = 1 − .

46. Find the area enclosed between x + y = 1.
8
47. Find the area in sq. units bounded by the x- axis, part of the curve y = 1 + and the ordinates x = 2 and
x2
x = 4.
MODEL -8
n + 1 + n + 2 + ..... + n + n
48. Evaluate lim
n → n n
n
r3
49. Evaluate lim  4
r =1 r + n
n → 4
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
14 + 24 + 34 + .... + n 4
50. Evaluate lim
n → n5
8.differential equations
2+4+7=13M
1. Differential equation:
An equation involving one dependent variable and its derivatives w.r.to one or more
independent variables is called a differential equation.
2. Ordinary differential equation:
If a differential equation contains only one independent variable, then it is called an
ordinary differential equation.
Example:
dy
(i) + 5 x = cos x
dx
dy
(ii) = kx
dx
2
 d2y 
3
 dy 
 2  − 3  − e = 4
x
(iii)
 dx   
dx
3. Partial differential equations:
If a differential equation contains more than one independent variable, then it is called
a partial differential equation.
Example:
z z
(i) x +y =z
x y
2w 2w 2w
(ii) + + =0
x 2 y 2 z 2
4. Degree of a differential equation:
The Degree of a differential equation is the degree of the highest order derivative,
when it is expressed as a polynomial equation in derivatives after eliminating the
fractional powers, if any.
5. Order of a differential equation:
The Order of a differential equation is the order of the highest order derivative in it.
8.DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
LONG AND SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(7 MARKS)
VARIABLES AND SEPERABLE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
1. Solve (𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0 .

𝑑𝑦
2. Solve = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑦 .
𝑑𝑥
3. Solve (𝑒 𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 0 .
𝑑𝑦
4. Solve − 𝑥 tan(𝑦 − 𝑥) = 1 .
𝑑𝑥
5. Solve √1 + 𝑥 2 √1 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 .
𝑑𝑦
6. Solve = sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 +𝑦+1
7. Solve + = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 (2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥+1)
8. Solve = .
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑦+𝑦 cos 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
9. Solve sin−1 ( ) = x + y.
𝑑𝑥
HOMOGENEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
10.Solve (𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 . Mar – 18

11.Solve (2𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 .
𝑦
12.Solve x dy = (𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
13.Find the equation of a curve whose gradient is = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ,
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝜋
where x > 0, y > 0 and which passes through the point (1, ) .
4
May – 16 (TS) May – 16 (AP) May - 19
14.Solve the differential equation (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 . Mar – 16, Mar – 10,
MARCH - 2020
15.Solve (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑦 = 0 . May – 14, MAY - 2018
𝑦
16.Give the solution of x 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 which passes through the point
𝑥
𝜋
(1, 4 ) .
17.Solve (𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0 .
18.Solve 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 − (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0 .
19.Solve 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0 .
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
20.Solve 𝑥 sin ( ) = 𝑦 sin ( ) − 𝑥 .
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
 x
 x
 x
21.Solve 1 + e  dx + e y 1 −  dy = 0 .
y
  y  
dy y 2 − 2 xy
22.Solve dx = x2 − xy . Mar - 2019
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
𝑑𝑦
23.Solve (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑥𝑦 . JUNE - 2011
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦2
24.Solve + = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦2
25.Solve 2 + = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2
LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN Y

𝑑𝑦 −1 𝑥
26.Solve (1 + 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑦 = 𝑒 tan . Mar – 18, Mar – 13
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
27.Solve + 𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
28.Solve + 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
29.Solve + 𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
30.Solve cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
31.Solve 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥
2 𝑑𝑦
32.Solve (1 + 𝑥 ) + 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 2 1+ 𝑥 2
33.Solve + 𝑦= .
𝑑𝑥 1+ 𝑥 3 1+ 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑦
34.Solve (1 + 𝑥 2) + 2𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 = 0 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
35.Solve − 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥
LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN X

𝑑𝑦
36.Solve (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) =1.
𝑑𝑥
37.Solve (1 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = (tan−1 𝑦 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 .
𝑑𝑦
38.Solve (𝑥 + 2𝑦 3 ) =𝑦.
𝑑𝑥
BERNOULLIS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

𝑑𝑦
39.Solve (𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑦) = 1 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
40.Solve + 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦 .
𝑑𝑥
NON – HOMOGENEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

𝑑𝑦 3𝑦−7𝑥+7
41.Solve the differential equation =
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥−7𝑦−3
𝑑𝑦 𝑥−𝑦+3
42.Solve = .
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥−2𝑦+5
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
43.Solve the differential equation (2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 .
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥+𝑦+3
44.Solve =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦+𝑥+1
𝑑𝑦 10𝑥+8𝑦−12
45.Solve + = 0.
𝑑𝑥 7𝑥+5𝑦−9
𝑑𝑦 6𝑥+5𝑦+7
46.Solve =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥+18𝑦−14
47.Solve (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 .
48.Solve (𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 .
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥+9𝑦−20
49.Solve =
𝑑𝑥 6𝑥+2𝑦−10
𝑑𝑦
50.Solve (2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3) =𝑥+𝑦+1 .
𝑑𝑥
51.Solve (2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0 .
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥+6𝑦+5
52.Solve = .
𝑑𝑥 3𝑦+2𝑥+4
Differential equations
Model - 1
1
dy x 2
1. Find the order and degree of the differential equation = 1
dx y 2 (1 + x 12 )
d y   dy   3
2 2
2. Find the order and degree of the differential equation = 1 +   

dx 2   dx  
3
 d2y   dy  2
2 2
3. Find the order and degree of the differential equation 1 +  2  =  2 +   

 dx    dx  
d2y dy  dy 
4. Find the order and degree of the differential equation + 2 + y = log  
 dx 
2
dx dx
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
1
 1 1
3
4
 dy   d 2
y 

5. Find the order and degree of the differential equation   +  2  
2
 dx   dx  
 
d2y
6. Find the order and degree of the differential equation 2
= − p2 y
dx
 d3y 
2
7. Find the order and degree of the differential equation  3  2 − 3   − e x = 4

dy
 dx   dx 
1
 d2y  3
1 dy
8. Find the order and degree of the differential equation x 2  2  + x + y = 0 Mar - 18
 dx  dx
6
 d 2 y  dy 3  5
9. Find the order and degree of the differential equation  2 +    = 6y

 dx  dx  
Model - 2
10.Form the differential equation of the curve y = c( x − c)2 , c is an arbitrary constants.

11.Form the differential equation of the curve xy = aex + be− x , a, b are an arbitrary constants.
12.Form the differential equation of the curve y = (a + bx)ekx , a, b are an arbitrary
constants.
13.Form the differential equation of the curve y = a cos(nx + b), a, b are an arbitrary
constants.
14.Form the differential equation of the curve y = cx − 2c2
15.Find the order of the differential equation obtained by eliminating the arbitrary
constants b and c from xy = cex + be− x + x2
16.Find the order of the differential equation corresponding to y = c( x − c)2 where C is an
arbitrary constant.
17.Find the order of the differential equation corresponding to y = A cos3x + B sin 3x ,
where A and B are parameters.
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
Model - 3
dy 1 + y 2
18.Express the differential equation = in form f ( x)dx + g ( y)dy = 0
dx 1 + x 2
dy  dy 
19.Express the differential equation y − x = a  y 2 +  in form f ( x)dx + g ( y)dy = 0
dx  dx 
dy
20.Express the differential equation = e x − y + x 2e− y in form f ( x)dx + g ( y)dy = 0
dx
dy
21.Express the differential equation = x 2 e3 y in form f ( x)dx + g ( y)dy = 0
dx
Model - 4
22.Find the general solution of 1 − x 2 dy + 1 − y 2 dx = 0

dy 2 y
23.Find the general solution of =
dx x
dy 1 + y 2
24.Find the general solution of =
dx 1 + x 2
dy
25.Find the general solution of = e y−x
dx
dy
26.Find the general solution of = e x+ y
dx
dy
27.Find the general solution of x + y =0
dx
dy
28.Solve = e x − y + x 2e− y May - 2019
dx
29.Solve y (1 + x) + x(1 + y )dy = 0 Mar - 20
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
IMP NOTES :
BANDARU CHIRANJEEVI
M.Sc.,B.Ed., P a g e | 93 MATHS – 2B

Maths - 2B Imp Questions

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Maths - 2B Imp Questions

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SENIOR

The set of points in a plane which

The fixed point C is called the

Various forms of a Circle

2. General form of a circle:

General form of a circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.

Centre C = (-g, -f)

The equation of the circle with centre O (0, 0) and radius

4. Centre–radius form of a circle:

If the radius of a circle is 0 then it is called a point circle.

In this case the centre itself is the point circle.

If the radius of a circle is 1 then it is called a unit circle.

The length of the chord is denoted by AB.

P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) , 𝑄(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) , R(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) and S(𝑥4 , 𝑦4 ) are said to be concyclic if these

Parametric equations of a circle:

23.The parametric equations of a circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 are

A circle in a plane divides the plane into three parts namely

(i) the interior of the circle (lies in the circle)

A tangent to a circle is a straight line

34.The power of a point P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) with respect to the circle S = 0 is S11.

37.The equation of a tangent at 𝜃 of the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c

46.The tangential condition for the line ax + by + c = 0 to the circle S = 0 is r = d.

53.Pole and Polar:

54.The equation of the polar of 𝑃(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) with respect to S = 0 is S1 = 0.

if Q lies on the polar of P.

P and Q are called conjugate lines with respect to the circle S = 0.

60.Inverse points with respect to a circle:

59. Common tangent of a circles:

A straight line L is said to be a common tangents to the circles S= 0 and S' = 0 if it

is tangent to both S = 0 and S' = 0.

61. Direct pair of common tangents

A common tangent L = 0 of the circles S = 0 and S' = 0 is said to be a direct

A common tangent L = 0 of the circles S = 0 and S' = 0 is said to be a transverse

63. External centre of similitude:

64. Internal centre of similitude:

65. Relative position of two circles:

(i) Case – 1: 𝑐1 𝑐2 > 𝑟1 + 𝑟2

(iv) Case – 4: 𝑐1 𝑐2 = |𝑟1 − 𝑟2 |

(v) Case – 5: 𝑐1 𝑐2 < |𝑟1 − 𝑟2 |

16. Find the direct common tangents of the circles

IMP SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 4 MARKS QUESTIONS )

of the locus of P. MAY – 2019, 2013, 2009

x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y – 20 = 0 and x2 + y2 - 2x - 8y + 1 = 0 are in the ratio 2 : 1 then show that the

equation of the locus of P is x2 + y2 – 2x – 12y + 8 = 0.

x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 8x + 12y + 15 = 0 are equal, then find the equation of the

32. Find the pair of tangents drawn from ( 0,0) to x2 + y 2 + 10 x + 10 y + 40 = 0 .

33. Find the pair of tangents drawn from ( 3, 2 ) to x2 + y2 − 6x + 4 y − 2 = 0 .

35. Find the pair of tangents drawn from ( 4,10) to x2 + y 2 = 25 .

Coordinate axes where 𝑥1 𝑦1 ≠ 0 . MARCH - 2020

With the coordinate axes.

AôB = 90° the show that p lies on the circle x2 + y2 = 2a2.

7. Find the equation of the circle with centre  − , −9  and radius 5.

8. Find the equation of the circle with centre  , −  and radius 6.

11.Find the centre and radius of the circle x2 + y 2 − 4x − 8 y − 41 = 0

18.Find the centre and radius of the circle 1 + m2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) − 2cx + 2mcy = 0 .

37.Obtain the parametric equation of the circle x2 + y 2 = 4

55.Find the power of the point (1, 2) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 + 6x + 8 y − 96 = 0

60.Find the length of the tangent from (−2,5) to the circle x2 + y 2 − 25 = 0

73.Find the equation of the normal at (3, −4) of the circle x2 + y 2 + x + y − 24 = 0

78.Show that the line lx + my + n = 0 is a normal to the circle S = 0 if and only gl + mf = n .

81.Find the chord of contact of (0,5) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 − 5x + 4 y − 2 = 0

84.Find the polar of (1, 2) w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 = 7

88.Find the pole of ax + by + c = 0 w.r.to the circle x2 + y 2 = r 2