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    Ch17 Hardware

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    J Sajatovic
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    cabinet hardware- catch gain hardware hinge repair plate structural hardware ata tae eee eee AC ko cie urpotbg Gee Most woodworking projects require some ind of hardware, [he simplest and most tre- ently used are fasteners suc as nails and s. Quite often, though, hardware such s hinges, drawer or door puils or knobs, rawer guides (or slides), and joint support pieces are needed, Exterior hardware can used to decorate and add interest to project. Fig. 71 Fig. 17-4—Hordevore ig ane tre PRE 252 ——Chaper 17 Installing Hardware i | | Review & Applications thapter Summary Major points from this chapter that you should remember include: + Adhesives bond materials together. Clamps hold materials together while the adhesive cures. + Eight types of adhesives are commonly used. + White and yellow liquid-resin glues are excellent all-purpose adhesives. "The type of clamp used for a particular job depends on the size and shape of the glued pieces and the amount of pressure needed for successful bonding. + In an edge joint, the two adjoining edges ‘must fit against each other exactly and the face surfaces must be even. * When making a trial assembly, all parts are clamped together before gluing. > Solving Real-World Problems “tan and Cherie are building a big, old-fashioned aumer's table for their kitchen, The top is 48 inches vidle and 8 feet fong, it made of 1 inch = 6 inch ‘soars, Each board vail he jained to the next with towels and glue along the entire seam, Stan places zach board in such a way that its grain is running «the same direction as che grain of the board ‘ext to it After the boards are all laid out in order, ‘ei applies layer at yellovy yaad gle to each owel hole and along the edae of ihe board, After ve glue is applied, Stan inserts the dowels into one sud and squeezes the next board aajainst the first, ‘sing the joint, Afterall she boaids have been | Review Questions |. Name at least five of the eight kinds adhesives and give one use for each 1. Which kinds of adhesive might you building an outdoor bird feeder? WI i. List the steps in using a glue gun. 4. For what types of gluing tasks are sf clamps used? 5. Which type of clamp can apply pres: from three different directions at on ©. Explain how you would glue up and clamp an edge joint. Explain briefly how to prepare a lart tion for a curved wood project. 8. Why is making a trial assembly usef ) What things must you check when t ening the clamps during final assem assembled, Stan and Cherie must clamp the t *op 10 ensure flatness. vshar rype of clamps « hey use? How should they be appiied? * ~/ Chapter 16 Gluing and Clamping \t first, the installation of hardware may seem difficult, However, once you learn basic installation techniques for each piece, you will see that it really is not hard at all. For example, just a couple simple steps are needed to attach drawer guides for a smoothly operating cabi- net drawer, AINDS OF HARDWARE Hardware is a term used to refer to parts (ust- ally metal) needed to: + Complete a project. + Make a project usable. + Provide structural support within the project. ‘Two basic kinds of hardware are cabinet hardware and hardware includes items such as hinges, pulls, and catches. These items make a project with structural hardware, Cabinet fo 9 drawers and doors more usable, Cabine wate should be selected to match the + furniture, Hardware catalogs are availat show many different styles of hardware Structural hardware includes item as repair plates and corner blocks. Thi used to strengthen joints and hold parts together. jinges A hinge is a piece of hardware that is a joint. It allows one of two joined p move, Hinges are used mainly on doors and chest lids. Many types of hinges ar able, Fix. 17 Most hinges are made of steel. The available in a number of different fi Black, brass, bronze, chrome, and copy some examples. You can even buy steel that are coated with primer for painting a 5 be eo [pe im 5 5 5 o ° ° ® | _Hexnuckte JONTINUOUS HINGE tear & © © © 1 1 e Junwace nine Fig. 17-2—Common types af tunges. The main parts of 2 pinge are identified on che butt hinge, Chapter 17 Installing Hardware a Fig, 17.3—A chisel is used t0 cut a gain. (A) Chisel its in the stock to be removed to form the gain. (3) tie gain is eut and ready (0 have the hinge installed. Butt Hinges The butt hinge is used for flush doors and some overlay doors. It requires that a recess, o gai be cut. In most cases, a gain is cut both in the door and in the frame on which the door is fastened. Fiz. 17-3. Sometimes one deeper gain is cut either in the frame or in the door. Thus, the hinge is recessed in only one part of the two surfaces. In both cases, when the door is closed, the surfaces fit closely together. Only the knuckle of the hinge can be seen. Fiz, 17-4 A butt hinge may have either a fixed or a loose pin. The leaves may be either straight or swaged. Swaged leaves are shaped at the knuckle to allow for a closer fit. One or both leaves may be swaged. The tightest fit is achieved when both leaves are swaged. Fi Surface Hinges Surface hinges are different from butt hinges in that no gain is required. Leaves are installed on the surfaces, A flac surface hinge is used on flush doors. An offset surface hinge fits over the outside of lip doors. SRM 254 chapter 17 Installing Hardware sain cu ino 3iND GAIN CUT TOO FARIN Fig. 17-4--rhe gain must be cut correctly or the door will not close properly. FLAT BACK HINGE HALF SWAGED HINGE FULL SWAGED HINGE Fig, 17-5—straight and swaged leaves. Fig. 76-4 Fig. 17-7—A semi-conceated hinge for an overlay oor with a straight feat attached to the door sunt concealed hinge sor a ip door 16 an pifset that its the rabbet eUt In the door 200R Semi-Concealed Hinges Semi-concealed hinges are used on lip or overlay doors. Those used on lip doors have a sharp bend in one of their leaves that fits through the rabbet edge. fig. 17-6. On an overlay door, a semi-concealed hinge with a straight leaf is used. (iy. 17-7, These hinges ate available with spring actions that cause the door to close automatically and stay closed. No catch is needed. Specialized Hinges Many specialized kinds of hinges are available. ‘These include: + Pivot hinges. These are usually installed on the top and bottom of an overlay door. They are designed for installation on either horizontal or vertical surface of a door frame. Fig. 17-8, Fig. 17-8~A pivot hinge. Chapter 17 Installing Hardware Knife hinges. These are used much like pivot hinges but are not as strong. 0 + European hinges. One side of this hinge is installed inside a cabinet and the other into a hole drilled in the door. These hinges are easy to install on any kind of door. Use a Forstner bit the width of the hinge body (typically 35 mm) to drill the hole. #3, 67-10. Invisible hinges. These are used on both flush and overlay doors. They are installed in recesses cut in the frame and door. They cannot be seen when the door is closed. Uru Concealed hinges. These ate installed in holes drilled in the edges of the frame and flush door. When the door is closed. only the pivot point can be seen. I Catches A catch is a device for holding a door closed ig. 17-13. Magnetic catches are used most often, These consist of two main parts: the magnet assembly and a metal plate called a strike. The magnet assembly is installed inside the cabinet. The strike is attached to the door. FULL OVERLAY | HALF OVERLAY] —_NISET i, E714, Fig, 17-10—Installing 2 European hinge, Fig. 17.9—-Knife hinges are instailed on che top and Jottom edges of 3 oor Fig, 17-11-—An invisible hinge. BM256 chop Fig. 17-12—Installing a concealed hinge. Magnetic catches can be used on most fur niture and kitchen cabinets, They do not work well for large or heavy doors. Drop-Door Supports Some furniture or cabinets may have drop doors. These open outward and down. A vari- ety of supports are available for these. Some have a telescopic setup. Fig. 17-15 (page 258) Folding supports allow an opening of exactly 90 degrees. Other types allow the amount of opening to be controlled. An automatic sup- port uses a braking system co keep the door from simply dropping open. Door and Drawer Pulls and Xnobs Door pulls and knobs are usually installed near the opening edge. They should be posi- tioned at a height that is easy to reach by most people. Drawer pulls are usually placed in the center of the drawer face. Long drawers may have two pulls or knobs located toward the ends of the drawer face. Pulls and knobs come in a variety of sizes and styles. Matching sets are available that also include hinges. Select a design that is appropri- ate for your furniture style. For example, hard- ware appropriate for contemporary fu would look out of place on furniture ‘more traditional design. Fig, 17-14 A magnetic oar, Chapter 17 Installing Hardware iNSTALLING DRAWER HARDWARE Pulls and Knobs Installation procedures may vary. slightly depending on the type of pull or knob. In gen- eral, measure and mark the location for the pull or knob on the drawer front. Drill a hole through the drawer front from the outside to the inside, The hole should be the same size as the machine screw used to fasten the pull or knob. Hold the pull or knob in position and insert the screw into the hole from the inside. Tighten the screw with a screwdriver. Fis V6. Fig. 17-15—4 drop-door support that has a telescop- ing action, > Using Tools se the correct tool for the task, ake special care with tools that are sharp. ME 258° Cptor 17 nstaling Hardware SCIENCE Sr Magnetic Properties Some materials, such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, have natural magnetic properties. ‘They are commonly known as permanent magnets because they retain magnetic properties for a long time. In a magnet, each atom exerts force on the atoms around it. This force causes the atoms to align their magnetic poles so that all the north poles are facing the same direction Al the south poles face the opposite way. The result is a magnetic field around the object that can affect other objects, such as the metal strike plate in a magnetic catch. When the strike enters the magnetic field around the magnet, the combined force of the magnet’s aligned atoms causes the atoms in the strike plate to become temporarily aligned. They are attracted to the atoms in the magnet, and the catch closes. When you open the catch by mov- ing the strike away from the magnet, the atoms in the strike soon revert to their original pattern. }WOODWORKII Extracting a Broken Screw Sometimes the head of a screw w otf when it is being driven into wood. This is especially true of & crews. Here is a way t0 remove crew and repair the damage + onith 9 smal bit, drill holes ail ar he screw. Make the holes a teeper than the length of the se Fig. 1716—instailing a drawer pul + Using needienose pliers, tis headless screw out Guides + with a iarger bit, drill out the aged area and glue in a harch The best way to support the average drawer dowel of the appropriate size. is to use a metal ball-bearing guide set. Guide + Drill the correct-size pilot hole sets are made to be attached to either the the dowel for the new screw. sides or bottom of the drawer. Fig. 17-17. Side guides are usually the best choice. They can ONCE the screw is in, you will ha carry more weight and generally operate more notice the repaired area. smoothly than bottom guides. DRAWER GUIDE OPTIONS FILLER STR OR FACE RAME ud PLASTIC, HaRDWwooD METAL GUIDE SUID 2UNINER, ‘CENTER AUNNER JOE MOUNTED GUIDES 2OTTOM MOUNTED & Fig. 17-17 installation setup of various rypes of drawer quide sets. Chapter 17 Installing Hardware The clearance for bottom guides is te inch on both the top and the bottom and '% inch on each side, Side guides require % inch clearance on each side. Filler strips should be installed to make the mounting surface flush with the face frame, Be sure that the case is not twisted. Check to be sure it is level and plumb, Most side-mounted drawer guides are three- quarter guides, This means that the drawer cannot be pulled completely out of the case- work during normal use. Instead, a portion of the drawer remains inside the cabinet, This can make it difficult to view the entire contents of a drawer. Another type of side-mounted drawer guide is called a full-extension guide, which has telescoping tracks that ride on ball bearings. The drawer can be pulled all the way out, allowing complete access to drawer contents. Full-extension drawer guides make a cabinet more convenient to use, but they cost more than other guides. Hig. 17-1 Fig. 17-18—Full-extension drawer quides allow you 19 see all the way 10 the back of the drawer BM 260 che ter 17. Installing Hardware SING REPAIR PLATES Repair plates come in many sizes and shapes. ). Mending plates are used to strength- en a butt or lap joint. The flar corner iron is used to strengthen corners of frames such as a screen door or window. The bent corner iron can be applied to shelves and the inside corners of tables, chairs, and cabinets. It can also be used to hang cabinets and shelves. T-plates are used to strengthen the center rail of a frame Fig. 17-19—Four types of rapair plates: (A) Mending. 8) Flat comer. (C) Bent corner. (D) F-plate, Review & Applications Chapter Summary Major points from this chapter that you should remember include: Hardware is used to complete a project, make a project usable, and provide struc- tural support within the project. A hinge is a piece of hardware that is used as a joint. + A butt hinge requires that a gain be cut. A surface hinge does not. Most hinges are made of steel. + Magnetic catches are used most often on furniture and kitchen cabinets. + A metal, ball-bearing guide set provides the best support for most types of drawers. + Repair plates are installed to provide struc- tural support. Solving Real-World Problems ela is suing the sinal ‘oucives 20 ner ce”

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