Antazo, B., & Felipe, N. (2020, July 9).

Rise of the Duterte Phenomenon: An Interpretative

Phenomenological Analysis. Psyarxiv.com. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://psyarxiv.com/8qh35/.

Aranda, D. (2021, July 12). "die-hard supporters": Overseas filipino workers' online grassroots
campaign for Duterte in the 2016 Philippines elections. Cornell International Affairs
Review. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://journals.library.cornell.edu/index.php/ciar/article/view/618.

Aschwanden, C. (2020, October 29). Why hatred and 'othering' of political foes has spiked to
extreme levels. Scientific American. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-hatred-and-othering-of-political-foes-
has-spiked-to-extreme-levels/.

Baraceros, Esther L. (2016). Practical Research 1. 1st ed. Rex Book Store. Manila

Contreras, A. (2021, October 19). Robredo's Divisive Politics. Retrieved November 26, 2021,
from https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/10/19/opinion/columns/robredos-divisive-
politics/1818912.

Cowan, S. K., & Baldassarri, D. (2017, June 5). "it could turn ugly": Selective disclosure of
attitudes in political discussion networks. Social Networks. Retrieved December 1,
2021, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037887331630404X.

David. (2021, June 23). Participant selection in qualitative research: Part 2. Statistics Solutions.
Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://www.statisticssolutions.com/participant-
selection-in-qualitative-research-part-2/.

Deinla, P. D., Mendoza, G. A. S., Ballar, K. J., & Yap, J. (2021, November 18). The link
between fake news susceptibility and political polarization of the youth in the
Philippines. SSRN. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3964492.

Doyle, A. (2020, June 27). What is a semi-structured interview? The Balance Careers. Retrieved
November 14, 2021, from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-a-semi-
structured-interview-2061632.

Duchovnay, Marley, Moore, Casey, and Masullo, Gina M. (2020, July). How to Talk to People
Who Disagree with You Politically. Center for Media Engagement.
https://mediaengagement.org/ research/divided-communities

Fukuyama, F. (2020, January). 30 years of world politics: What has changed? Journal of
Democracy. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/30-years-of-world-politics-what-has-
changed/.
Gruzd, A., & Roy, J. (2014, May 16). Investigating political polarization on Twitter: A Canadian
perspective. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1944-2866.POI354.

Gumaca, Quezon. PhilAtlas. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2021, from

https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/quezon/gumaca.html.

Hanauer, A. (2020, November 1). Political polarization is now toxic in America. here's how to
stop it. USA Today. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/11/01/how-fight-back-against-toxic-
political-polarization-column/6084430002/.

Hattaway, D. (2021, January 14). How to disrupt toxic politics and bridge political divides. The
Communications Network. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from
https://www.comnetwork.org/insights/how-to-disrupt-toxic-politics-and-bridge-
political-divides/.

Heather M. Reynolds, Douglas Silvernell & Freya Mercer (2020) Teaching in an Era of Political
Divisiveness: An Exploration of Strategies for Discussing Controversial Issues, The
Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 93:4, 205-212,
DOI: 10.1080/00098655.2020.1762063

Interest Groups: Pathways to Participation and Influence. Lumen. (n.d.). Retrieved November 9,
2021, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/americangovernment/chapter/interest-
groups-as-political-participation/#return-footnote-80-35.

Kaltwasser, C. R., & Meléndez, C. (2017, November 23). Political identities: The missing link in
the study of populism. SAGE Journals. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1354068817741287.

Krutz, G., & Waskiewicz, S. (2019, February 1). Interest groups as political participation.
American Government 2e. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from
https://opentextbc.ca/americangovernment2eopenstax/chapter/interest-groups-as-
political-participation/

Longley, Robert. (2021, September 8). What Is Pluralism? Definition and Examples. Retrieved
from https://www.thoughtco.com/pluralism-definition-4692539

Luo, A. (2021, September 2). What is content analysis and how can you use it in your research?
Scribbr. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/content-analysis/.

Mariotti, Claudia. (2020). Elite Theory. 10.1007/978-3-030-13895-0_67-1.

McCombes, S. (2020, June 19). How to do a case study. Scribbr. Retrieved November 14, 2021,
from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/case-study/.
McLeod, S. A. (2014, Febuary 05). The interview research method. Simply Psychology.
www.simplypsychology.org/interviews.html

Ngara, Christopher & Orokpo, Ogbole. (2013). Political Groups as Important Element in
Political Decision Making in Nigeria.

Okereka, O. P. (2015). Understanding the thrust of the group theory ... - core.ac.uk.
Understanding the Thrust of the Group Theory and Its Applicability to Contemporary
Party Politics in Nigeria. Retrieved November 26, 2021, from
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234669687.pdf.

Panganiban, N. (2019, October 20). The Filipino ways: Our beliefs and divisiveness (part 2).
Project Pilipinas. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from
http://www.projectpilipinas.com/2019/10/the-filipino-ways-our-beliefs-and.html.

Robinson R.S. (2014) Purposive Sampling. In: Michalos A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality
of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-
94-007-0753-5_2337

Scanlon, J. M. (n.d.). American government. Retrieved November 24, 2021, from

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-monroecc-americangovernment/chapter/who-
governs-elitism-pluralism-and-tradeoffs/#footnote-22-11.

Simas, E. N., Clifford, S., &; Kirkland, J. H. (2019, October 31). How empathic concern Fuels
Political Polarization: American political science review. Cambridge Core. Retrieved
December 1, 2021, from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-
science-review/article/how-empathic-concern-fuels-political-polarization/
8115DB5BDE548FF6AB04DA661F83785E.

Suttie, J. (2018, August 10). Can conversation help heal the political divide? Greater Good.
Retrieved November 30, 2021, from
https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/can_conversation_help_heal_the_political
_divide.

Suttie, J. (2020, October 26). How humility can help us bridge our political divides. Greater
Good. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from
https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_humility_can_help_us_bridge_our_p
olitical_divides.

Syahputra, I. (2019, November 1). Expressions of hatred and the formation of spiral of ...
Expressions of hatred and the formation of spiral of anxiety on social media in
Indonesia. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://fslmjournals.taylors.edu.my/wp-
content/uploads/SEARCH/SEARCH-2019-11-1/SEARCH-2019-P6-11-1.pdf.

Town Profile. Gumaca, Quezon. (2020, September 2). Retrieved November 9, 2021, from
https://gumaca.gov.ph/privacy/.
Thomas, C. S. (2021, August 1). Interest group. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/interest-group

Van Prooijen, J.-W., & Krouwel, A. P. M. (2019). Psychological Features of Extreme Political
Ideologies. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(2), 159–163.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721418817755

West, D. M. (2020, September 22). Divided politics, Divided Nation. Brookings. Retrieved
November 30, 2021, from https://www.brookings.edu/book/divided-politics-divided-
nation/.