General Physics1

Quarter 1 – Module 3: Lesson 1

Kinematics: Motion Along a Straight Line
GENERAL PHYSICS 1. Quarter 1 Module 3 – Lesson 1 Kinematics : Moving Along The Straight Line

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Kinematics:
Motion Along a Straight Line. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Lesson 1 – Uniformly Accelerated Motion

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform acceleration in one
dimension into a mathematical description

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is acceleration?

a. 10 m/s b. 46 km/h c. 50 cm2/s2 d.64 km/h/min
2. Acceleration is negative if speed is
a. constant c. increasing
b. decreasing d. neither increasing nor decreasing
3. What is the acceleration of a tricycle moving with a velocity of 5m/s if it changes its velocity to 3 m/s
after 20 sec?
a. 1 m/s2
b. - 1 m/s2
c. - 0.1 m/s2
d. 0. 1 m/s2
4. The particle moves on the x-axis. When its acceleration is positive and increasing:
a. its velocity must be positive
b. its velocity must be negative
c. it must be slowing down
d. it must be speeding up
e. none of the above must be true
5. Which of the following is correct when the distance of an object covered is directly proportional to
time?
a. constant acceleration c. uniform acceleration
b. constant speed d. zero velocity
6. An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +2.0 m/s 2. This means the object
a. travels 2.0 m in every second.
b. is traveling at 2.0 m/s.
c. is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
d. is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
7. A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This track has markers spaced at
equal distances along it from the start, as shown in the figure. The car reaches a speed of 140 km/h as it
passes marker 2. Where on the track was the car when it was traveling at half this speed, that is at 70
km/h?

a. before marker 1
b. At marker 1
c. Between marker 1 and marker 2
d. at marker 2
8. From the equations of distance, the correct one is
a. d = Vi + 2as c. d = Vi2 + 2a
b. d = Vi2 + as d. d = (Vi +Vf/ 2 ) t
9. Correct equation of distance is
a. Vi = Vf + at c. Vf = Vi + t
b. Vf = Vi + at d. Vf = Vi + a
10. Jackson travels 2 km north, then 3 km east, and finally 2 km south. Which statement is true?
a. Jackson’s displacement is 2 km west from his origin.
b. Jackson is now 3 km east from where he started.
c. Jackson’s displacement is 7 km.
d. None of the above.
11. You drive 6.0 km at 50 km/h and then another 6.0 km at 90 km/h. Your average speed over the 12
km drive will be
a. greater than 70 km/h.
b. equal to 70 km/h.
c. less than 70 km/h.
d. exactly 38 km/h.
12. Which of the following situations is impossible?
a. An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed west.
b. An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed east.
c. An object has zero velocity but non-zero acceleration.
d. An object has constant non-zero acceleration and changing velocity.
13. If the acceleration of an object is zero, then that object cannot be moving.
a. either true or false c. neither true nor false
b. False d. true
14. If the velocity of an object is zero, then that object cannot be accelerating.
a. either true or false c. neither true nor false
b. False d. true
15. An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +5.0 m/s 2. This means the object
a. travels 5.0 m in every second.
b. is traveling at 5.0 m/s.
c. is decreasing its velocity by 5.0 m/s every second.
d. is increasing its velocity by 5.0 m/s every second.

Lesson
Uniformly Accelerated Motion
1

Before beginning a problem in kinematics, you must set up your coordinate system. In one-dimensional
kinematics, this is simply an x-axis and the direction of the motion is usually the positive-x direction.

Though displacement, velocity, and acceleration are all vector quantities, in the one-dimensional case
they can all be treated as scalar quantities with positive or negative values to indicate their direction.
The positive and negative values of these quantities are determined by the choice of how you align the
coordinate system.

What’s In

In your answer sheet draw an Illustration that shows the following physical quantities of motion:
distance, displacement, velocity and acceleration.

What’s New

There are a variety of quantities associated with the motion of objects - displacement (and
distance), velocity (and speed), acceleration, and time. Knowledge of each of these quantities provides
descriptive information about an object's motion. For example, if a car is known to move with a constant
velocity of 22.0 m/s, North for 12.0 seconds for a northward displacement of 264 meters, then the
motion of the car is fully described. And if a second car is known to accelerate from a rest position with
an eastward acceleration of 3.0 m/s2 for a time of 8.0 seconds, providing a final velocity of 24 m/s, East
and an eastward displacement of 96 meters, then the motion of this car is fully described. These two
statements provide a complete description of the motion of an object. However, such completeness is
not always known. It is often the case that only a few parameters of an object's motion are known, while
the rest are unknown. For example as you approach the stoplight, you might know that your car has a
velocity of 22 m/s, East and is capable of a skidding acceleration of 8.0 m/s2, West. However you do not
know the displacement that your car would experience if you were to slam on your brakes and skid to a
stop; and you do not know the time required to skid to a stop. In such an instance as this, the unknown
parameters can be determined using physics principles and mathematical equations (the kinematic
equations).

The BIG 4
The kinematic equations are a set of four equations that can be utilized to predict unknown
information about an object's motion if other information is known. The equations can be utilized for
any motion that can be described as being either a constant velocity motion (an acceleration of 0 m/s/s)
or a constant acceleration motion. They can never be used over any time period during which the
acceleration is changing. Each of the kinematic equations include four variables. If the values of three of
the four variables are known, then the value of the fourth variable can be calculated. In this manner, the
kinematic equations provide a useful means of predicting information about an object's motion if other
information is known. For example, if the acceleration value and the initial and final velocity values of a
skidding car is known, then the displacement of the car and the time can be predicted using the
kinematic equations. Lesson 6 of this unit will focus upon the use of the kinematic equations to predict
the numerical values of unknown quantities for an object's motion.
The four kinematic equations that describe an object's motion are:

There are a variety of symbols used in the above equations. Each symbol has its own specific meaning.
The symbol d stands for the displacement of the object. The symbol t stands for the time for which the
object moved. The symbol a stands for the acceleration of the object. And the symbol v stands for the
velocity of the object; a subscript of i after the v (as in vi) indicates that the velocity value is the initial
velocity value and a subscript of f (as in vf) indicates that the velocity value is the final velocity value.
Each of these four equations appropriately describes the mathematical relationship between the
parameters of an object's motion. As such, they can be used to predict unknown information about an
object's motion if other information is known
Downloaded from https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-6/Kinematic-Equations-and-
Problem-Solving

Note that each equation has a different set of four of these five quantities. Table summarizes the
equations for motion in a straight line under constant acceleration.

Downloaded from https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/physics/classical mechanics/kinematics-in-

one-dimension

Kinematic Equations and Problem-Solving

The strategy involves the following steps:

1. Construct an informative diagram of the physical situation.
2. Identify and list the given information in variable form.
3. Identify and list the unknown information in variable form.
4. Identify and list the equation that will be used to determine unknown information from known
information.
5. Substitute known values into the equation and use appropriate algebraic steps to solve for the
unknown information.
6. Check your answer to ensure that it is reasonable and mathematically correct.
The use of this problem-solving strategy in the solution of the following problem is modeled in Examples
A and B below.

Example Problem A

Ima Hurryin is approaching a stoplight moving with a velocity of +30.0 m/s. The light turns yellow, and
Ima applies the brakes and skids to a stop. If Ima's acceleration is -8.00 m/s2, then determine the
displacement of the car during the skidding process. (Note that the direction of the velocity and the
acceleration vectors are denoted by a + and a - sign.)

The solution to this problem begins by the construction of an informative diagram of the physical
situation. This is shown below. The second step involves the identification and listing of known
information in variable form. Note that the vf value can be inferred to be 0 m/s since Ima's car comes to
a stop. The initial velocity (vi) of the car is +30.0 m/s since this is the velocity at the beginning of the
motion (the skidding motion). And the acceleration (a) of the car is given as - 8.00 m/s2. (Always pay
careful attention to the + and - signs for the given quantities.) The next step of the strategy involves the
listing of the unknown (or desired) information in variable form. In this case, the problem requests
information about the displacement of the car. So d is the unknown quantity. The results of the first
three steps are shown in the table below.

The
next step of the strategy involves identifying a kinematic equation that would allow you to determine
the unknown quantity. There are four kinematic equations to choose from. In general, you will always
choose the equation that contains the three known and the one unknown variable. In this specific case,
the three known variables and the one unknown variable are vf, vi, a, and d. Thus, you will look for an
equation that has these four variables listed in it. An inspection of the four equations above reveals that
the equation on the top right contains all four variables.

vf2 = vi2 + 2 • a • d

Once the equation is identified and written down, the next step of the strategy involves substituting
known values into the equation and using proper algebraic steps to solve for the unknown information.
This step is shown below.

(0 m/s)2 = (30.0 m/s)2 + 2 • (-8.00 m/s2) • d

0 m2/s2 = 900 m2/s2 + (-16.0 m/s2) • d
(16.0 m/s2) • d = 900 m2/s2 - 0 m2/s2
(16.0 m/s2)*d = 900 m2/s2
d = (900 m2/s2)/ (16.0 m/s2)
d = (900 m2/s2)/ (16.0 m/s2)

d = 56.3 m

The solution above reveals that the car will skid a distance of 56.3 meters. (Note that this value is
rounded to the third digit.)

The last step of the problem-solving strategy involves checking the answer to assure that it is both
reasonable and accurate. The value seems reasonable enough. It takes a car a considerable distance to
skid from 30.0 m/s (approximately 65 mi/hr) to a stop. The calculated distance is approximately one-half
a football field, making this a very reasonable skidding distance. Checking for accuracy involves
substituting the calculated value back into the equation for displacement and insuring that the left side
of the equation is equal to the right side of the equation. Indeed it is!

Example Problem B

Ben Rushin is waiting at a stoplight. When it finally turns green, Ben accelerated from rest at a rate of a
6.00 m/s2 for a time of 4.10 seconds. Determine the displacement of Ben's car during this time period.

Once more, the solution to this problem begins by the construction of an informative diagram of the
physical situation. This is shown below. The second step of the strategy involves the identification and
listing of known information in variable form. Note that the vi value can be inferred to be 0 m/s since
Ben's car is initially at rest. The acceleration (a) of the car is 6.00 m/s2. And the time (t) is given as 4.10 s.
The next step of the strategy involves the listing of the unknown (or desired) information in variable
form. In this case, the problem requests information about the displacement of the car. So d is the
unknown information. The results of the first three steps are shown in the table below.

The next step of the strategy involves identifying a kinematic equation that would allow you to
determine the unknown quantity. There are four kinematic equations to choose from. Again, you will
always search for an equation that contains the three known variables and the one unknown variable. In
this specific case, the three known variables and the one unknown variable are t, vi, a, and d. An
inspection of the four equations above reveals that the equation on the top left contains all four
variables.

d = vi • t + ½ • a • t2

Once the equation is identified and written down, the next step of the strategy involves substituting
known values into the equation and using proper algebraic steps to solve for the unknown information.
This step is shown below.

d = (0 m/s) • (4.1 s) + ½ • (6.00 m/s2) • (4.10 s) 2

d = (0 m) + ½ • (6.00 m/s2) • (16.81 s2)
d = 0 m + 50.43 m
d = 50.4 m

The solution above reveals that the car will travel a distance of 50.4 meters. (Note that this value is
rounded to the third digit.)

The last step of the problem-solving strategy involves checking the answer to assure that it is both
reasonable and accurate. The value seems reasonable enough. A car with an acceleration of 6.00 m/s/s
will reach a speed of approximately 24 m/s (approximately 50 mi/hr) in 4.10 s. The distance over which
such a car would be displaced during this time period would be approximately one-half a football field,
making this a very reasonable distance. Checking for accuracy involves substituting the calculated value
back into the equation for displacement and ensuring that the left side of the equation is equal to the
right side of the equation. In deed it is!

Downloaded from https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-6/Kinematic-Equations-and-

Problem-Solving
 What’s More

Copy and Answer the following questions in your answer sheet.

I. Three pairs of initial and final positions along an x-axis represent the location of objects at two
successive times:

1. -3 m, +5 m

2. -3 m, -7 m

3. 7 m, -3 m

a. Which pairs give a negative acceleration?

II. Solve the following problems, follow the steps/ strategy in problem solving as discussed above.

1. An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.22 m/s 2 for 38.2 s until is finally lifts off the
ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.

2. Rocket-powered sleds are used to test the human response to acceleration. If a rocket-
powered sled is accelerated to a speed of 44 m/s in 1.3 seconds, then what is the acceleration
and what is the distance that the sled travels?

What I Have Learned

What I Can Do

Copy and answer the following questions in your answer sheet.

1. Describe the motion as you travel from you house to the school and from school to your house.
2. What are the ways to avoid being late from the class or event due to traffic among cars on the street?

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following is acceleration?
a. 10 m/s b. 46 km/h c. 50 cm2/s2 d.64 km/h/min
2. Acceleration is negative if speed is
a. constant c. increasing
b. decreasing d. neither increasing nor decreasing
3. The distance in meters traveled by a particle is related to time (t) in seconds by the equation of
motion -S = 10 t +4 t2. What is the initial velocity of the body?
a. 4 m/s b. 6 m/s c. 10 m/s d. 10 m/s2
4. The particle moves on the x-axis. When its acceleration is positive and increasing:
a. its velocity must be positive
b. its velocity must be negative
c. it must be slowing down
d. it must be speeding up
e. none of the above must be true
5. Which of the following is correct when the distance of an object covered is directly proportional to
time?
a. constant acceleration c. uniform acceleration
b. constant speed d. zero velocity
6. An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +2.0 m/s 2. This means the object
a. travels 2.0 m in every second.
b. is traveling at 2.0 m/s.
c. is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
d. is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second.
7. A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This track has markers spaced at
equal distances along it from the start, as shown in the figure. The car reaches a speed of 140 km/h as it
passes marker 2. Where on the track was the car when it was traveling at half this speed, that is at 70
km/h?

a. before marker 1
b. At marker 1
c. Between marker 1 and marker 2
d. at marker 2
8. From the equations of distance, the correct one is
a. Vf = Vi + 2as c. Vf2 = Vi2 + 2a
b. Vf2 = Vi2 + as d. Vf2 = Vi2 + 2as
9. Correct equation of distance is
a. Vi = Vf + at c. Vf = Vi + t
b. Vf = Vi + at d. Vf = Vi + a
10. Jackson travels 2 km north, then 3 km east, and finally 2 km south. Which statement is true?
a. Jackson’s displacement is 2 km west from his origin.
b. Jackson is now 3 km east from where he started.
c. Jackson’s displacement is 7 km.
d. None of the above.
11. You drive 6.0 km at 50 km/h and then another 6.0 km at 90 km/h. Your average speed over the 12
km drive will be
a. greater than 70 km/h.
b. equal to 70 km/h.
c. less than 70 km/h.
d. exactly 38 km/h.
12. Which of the following situations is impossible?
a. An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed west.
b. An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed east.
c. An object has zero velocity but non-zero acceleration.
d. An object has constant non-zero acceleration and changing velocity.
13. If the acceleration of an object is zero, then that object cannot be moving.
a. either true or false c. neither true nor false
b. False d. true
14. If the velocity of an object is zero, then that object cannot be accelerating.
a. either true or false c. neither true nor false
b. False d. true
15. An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +5.0 m/s 2. This means the object
a. travels 5.0 m in every second.
b. is traveling at 5.0 m/s.
c. is decreasing its velocity by 5.0 m/s every second.
d. is increasing its velocity by 5.0 m/s every second.

Additional Activities

Make 15 questions for a FACT and BLUFF game using the equations of Uniformly Accelerated
Motion.Write your answer in your answer sheet.

Module 3 - Lesson 2 : Components of Projectile Motion

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define projectile motion.

2. Describe and draw the motion of object
3. Explain the independence of projectile motion in vertical and horizontal components.
 What I Know

Read each problem or situations carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on
your answer sheet.

1. What is a projectile?
a. a motion
b. a motion with angle
c. object
d. path
2. Which of the following motion is experienced by a projectile thrown or fired along the surface of
the earth?
a. horizontal motion
b. projectile motion
c. random motion
d. vertical motion
3. What is the vector representation of the projectile motion?
a. circular arrow
b. downward arrow
c. vertical arrow
d. Upward arrow
4. What do you call the motion of object moving in two dimensions under the influenced of
gravity?
a. circular motion
b. horizontal motion
c. projectile motion
d. vertical motion
5. What is the path of a projectile motion?
a. muddy path
b. parabolic path
c. relative path
d. wavy path
6. What is the path taken by a projectile?
a. curve line
b. projectile
c. straight line
d. trajectory
7. What angle can a projectile achieved the farthest distance, neglecting the air resistance?
a. 30 degree
b. 45 degree
c. 60 degree
d. 90 degree
8. What angle can a projectile achieved the shortest distance?
a. 30 degree
b. 45 degree
c. 60 degree
d. 90 degree
9. Which of the following is not an example of a projectile?
a. A ball in top of the table
b. A ball shoot in three points
c. A ball dropped at the top of the hill
 d. An egg drops at the edge of the table
10. Which of the two ball will hit the ground first? The ball that is thrown horizontally or the ball
that is dropped with the same height with the ball that is thrown horizontally.
a. both the ball hit the ground on the same time
b. don’t know what will happen on the balls
c. the ball that is dropped will hit the ground first
d. the ball that is thrown horizontally will hit the ground first
11. For general projectile motion, which statement is true when the projectile is at the initial and
final points of the parabolic path?
a. The magnitude of the x and y components of its velocity are the same at both points
b. The magnitude of its x component of velocity at the initial point is smaller than its
magnitude of the y
c. The magnitude of its x component of velocity at the initial point is bigger than its magnitude
of Y component of velocity at the final point
d. The velocity of components is zero at both points.
12. Which of the following is an example of projectile motion?
a. A can throws straight down into the recycle bin
b. A jet lifting off a runway
c. A space shuttle being lunched
d. A volleyball served over a net
13. Which of the following situation is not considered as a projectile?
a. a ball that is thrown at an angle
b. a ball that is thrown into the air
d. a ball that rolls off the table
d. a ball that is thrown upward
14. The only force acting in a horizontal projectile motion is
a. electrostatic force
b. gravitational force
c. magnetic force
d. no force
15. The only force acting in a vertical projectile motion is
a. electrostatic force
b. gravitational force
c. magnetic force
d. no force
Lesson
Components of Projectile Motion
1

Projectile Motion is the motion experienced by the object (projectile) being throw along the
earth’s surface following the parabolic path (trajectory) affected by the pull of gravity and air resistance
(drag force).

What’s In

How do you use component method for adding vectors?

What is the triangle law in vector addition?

How to find the velocity of the vertical and horizontal components of a vector?

What’s New
Components of Projectile Motion

1. Horizontal Motion – or horizontal component: constant velocity

2. Vertical Motion – or vertical component: constant acceleration

What is It

Projectile Motion

Projectile Motion is the motion of an object or projectile travelling into the air. The object
thrown will follow a parabolic path called trajectory. The path was affected by air resistance and the pull
force acting is the gravity, its value is 9.8 m/s/s.

Types of Projectile Motion

Object dropped from rest

Object thrown upward (vertical)

Object thrown at an angle to the horizontal projection

Example of Projectile Motion

1. Basketball
2. Baseball
3. Volleyball
4. Firing of rifle into the air
5. Jumping horizontally
Factors that affect the Projectile Motion

1. Gravity
2. Air Resistance
3. Angle
4. Speed
5. Height
Components of Projectile Motion

1. Horizontal Motion- the motion of the object that travels along x-axis direction, wherein the
motion is constant in the whole travel. No horizontal force acting on the object that makes it
travel in a constant velocity.
a. Horizontal distance, x= Vx t
b. Horizontal velocity, Vx= Vix

Where:
Vx – velocity along x-axis
Vix – initial velocity along x-axis
g – acceleration due to gravity
t – time taken
2. Vertical Motion – the motion of the object that travels along y-axis direction, wherein the
motion changes in the whole travel. The only force acting on the object is the gravitational force
and it changes by 9.8 m/s/s in each seconds of fall. The velocity is zero at the highest point of
the projectile.

1 2
a. Vertical distance, y=V iy t− g t
2
b. Vertical velocity, V y =V iy−¿

Where:
V y – velocity along y-axis
V iy – initial velocity along y-axis
g – acceleration due to gravity
t – time taken

How to find the velocity of horizontal and vertical motion a

Projectile Motion

Horizontal Motion Initial Velocity

V ix =V i cosθ

Vertical Motion Initial Velocity

V iy =V i sinθ

Note: finding the final velocity is same as finding the initial velocity

Sample problem
A girl throws a ball with an initial velocity of 10m/s at an angle of 30˚ into the air. What is the horizontal
and vertical initial motion of the ball?

Solution:
Horizontal Motion Initial Velocity
V ix =V i cosθ

V ix =10 cos 30

= 8.7 m/s, vertical motion of the ball

Vertical Motion Initial Velocity
V iy =V i sinθ

V iy =10 sin 30

= 5.0 m/s, horizontal motion of the ball

What’s More

Activity 1

I. Tell whether the following projectile in motion has either horizontal or vertical motion, or
both horizontal and vertical motion. Answer yes if there is either horizontal or vertical
motion and No if there is no either horizontal or vertical motion. Copy and fill up the table in
you answer sheet.

Projectile in Motion Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion

1. The ball was kick horizontally.

2. The player tosses the ball upward

3. The basketball player shoots his three points

shoot.

4. The ball is placed at rest on the top of the

table.

5. The egg rolls and drop at the edge of the

table.

6. The egg is in the nest on top of the tree.

7. The volleyball player pitches the ball

30˚above the head.

8. The coins were flick on the top of the table.

9. Ball thrown 45˚at the edge of the 15-meter

height building.

10. The ball was drop on 10-meter-high building.

Activity 2
II. Identify and name its part of the components of the projectile motion.

1. _______________________
5.

4.
6.
 2. 9.

3. 8.
10.
7.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

What I Have Learned

1. Projectile Motion is the motion of an object or projectile travelling into the air. The object
thrown will follow a parabolic path called trajectory.
2. The path was affected by the pull of gravity and air resistance.
3. The example of Projectile Motion is basketball, baseball, volleyball, firing of rifle into the air,
and jumping horizontally.
4. Factors that affect the Projectile Motion are gravity, air Resistance, angle, speed, and height.
5. There are also three types of Projectile Motion, the object dropped from rest, object thrown
upward (vertical) and object thrown at an angle to the horizontal projection.
6. The Projectile Motion is divided into two components, the horizontal motion along x-axis
direction and the vertical motion along y-axis direction.
7. Projectile motion formula.

What I Can Do

Write your answer in the following questions in your answer sheet.

1. Draw an illustration of a projectile motion?
2. Identify the path that an object thrown, or a projectile follows?
3. Identify the components of projectile motion?
4. Identify the factors that affect the projectile motion?
5. Enumerate some example of projectile in motion you encountered in your daily life?
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the unit use in vertical and horizontal velocities of components of projectile motion?
a. meter
b. meter per second
b. meter per second square
d. meter second
2. Which of the following is an example of projectile in motion?
a. A young boy slides in the floor
b. A young boy throws the garbage
c. A young girl slides down the slide
d. A young girl throws a ball into the air
3. What do you call the path of a projectile?
a. curved path
b. projector
c. road to success
d. trajectory
4. What is the only force acting on the projectile?
a. Gravitational force
b. Magnetic force
c. Normal force
d. Tension force

5. What are the major components of a projectile motion?

a. Horizontal and vertical axis
b. Horizontal and vertical motion
c. Vertical and horizontal projection
d. Vertical and irregular motion
6. Which of the following is the best way to analyze two-dimensional projectile motion?
a. breaking it into two independent motion along vertical and horizontal axes
b. following the path of projectile motion
c. it’s hard to analyze because of the motion
d. looking at the motion
7. Which of the following is the horizontal velocity of a horizontal motion of a projectile?
a. Changes in value
b. Changing per second
c. Increasing per second
d. Never changing in value
8. Which of the following is statement is true about vertical velocity of a projectile motion?
a. Changes in value
b. Changing per second
c. Increasing per second
d. Never changing in value
9. What is the velocity at the highest point of an object thrown upward ?
a. 0 m/s
b. -0 m/s
c. 9.8 m/s
d. 9.8 m/s
10.What is the initial velocity of an object being dropped at certain height?
a. 0 m/s
b. -0 m/s
c. 9.8 m/s
d. -9.8 m/s
11.What is the force acting on the vertical direction of the projectile?
a. Electrostatic force
b. Gravitational force
c. Magnetic force
d. Tensional force
12.Which of the following is the formula used in finding the component of vertical motion?
 a. V f cosθ
b. V f sinθ
c. V i cosθ
d. V i sinθ
13.Which of the following is the formula used in finding the component of horizontal motion?
a. V f cosθ
b. V f sinθ
c. V i cosθ
d. V i sinθ
14.What is the vertical velocity of the ball thrown in air with an initial velocity of 12 m/s at an angle
of 30˚?
a. 5 m/s
b. 6 m/s
c. 6.93 m/s
d. 10.39 m/s
15.What is the horizontal velocity of a stone thrown in air with an initial velocity of 15 m/s at an
angle of 25˚?
a. 5 m/s
b. 6.34 m/s
c. 6.99 m/s
d. 13.59 m/s
General Physics1 Quarter 1 – Module 4: Projectile Motion

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define range, time of flight, and maximum heights of projectiles.

2. Calculate range, time of flight, and maximum heights of projectiles

What I Know

Read each problem or situations carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on
your answer sheet.
1. What happen when the object in projectile motion reaches its maximum height?

a. it begins to accelerate downward

b. it begins to accelerate parabolic
c. it begins to accelerate sideward
d. It begins to decelerate
2. Which of the following is the displacement of the projectile motion in the horizontal direction?

a. Distance along y-axis

b. Height
c. Initial velocity
d. Range
3. Which of the following is the vertical motion displacement of the projectile?

a. x=V x t
b. , V x =V xi
1 2
c. y=V yi t− g t
2
d. V y =V yi−¿
4. Which of the following does not affects the launch of the projectile motion?

a. angle
 b. Force
c. Gravity
d. Object

5. Which of the following is constant in the whole travel and equal to the initial launched of the
projectile in motion?

a. V x
b. v y
c. v xi
d. v yi
6. What is the acceleration of the object launched along the horizontal direction and assumed that air
resistance is negligible?

a. 9.8 m/s2
b. – 9.8 m/s2
c. Same at the initial velocity
d. Zero
7. Which of the following affects the motion of a projectile launched horizontally?

a. Final velocity
b. Initial velocity
c. Mass
d. Maximum height
8. Which of the following describes projectile motion?

a. Horizontal velocity changes in the whole travel

b. The object is affected by its mass
c. The shape of the path is circular
d. Vertical velocity changes constantly per time due to gravity
9. Which of the following scientist discovered the projectile motion?

a. Albert Einstein
b. Charles Darwin
c. Isaac newton
d. Galileo Galilei
10. What is the maximum height of a projectile launched with initial velocity f 25 m/s at an angle of 30˚?

a. 7.98 m
b. 15.94 m
c. 31.89 m
d. 63. 76
11. What is the maximum height reached by a ball thrown into the air with initial velocity of 38 m/s at an
angle of 35 degree?

a. 2.24 m
b. 24.24 m
c. 7.10 m
d. 8. 24 m
12. What is the total time of flight of an object thrown in the air at an angle of 25˚ with initial velocity of
30 m/s?

a. 1.0 s
b. 1.29 s
c. 2.59 s
d. 3.0 s
13. What is the horizontal range of a projectile in motion with the initial velocity of 45 m/s at an angle of
18˚?

a. 2.70 m
 b. 63. 85 m
c. 121.46 m
d. 123. 98 m
14. What is the horizontal range of a stone thrown into the air with initial velocity of 15 m/s at an angle
of 30 degree?

a. 1.33 m
b. 11.48 m
c. 15.95 m
d. 19.88 m
15. What does the formula use for finding the maximum height reached of a projectile in motion?

2 v i sinθ
a.
g
vi sin2 θ
2
b.
2g
v i sin 2θ
c.
g
d. h + vyi*t-1/2gt2
Lesson
Projectile Motion
1

Projectile Motion is another type of motion occurs only when the object is thrown or launch into
the air. The object is launched at a certain initial point to its final point or the displacement in the
horizontal direction following a parabolic path with certain time and distance. When it reaches the
maximum height, it begins to accelerate downward. Galileo Galilei was the first scientist who describe
projectile motion through his observation and experimentation and was published in his one of his
books in 1590.

The projectile motion uses formula to know how far the projectile reached its maximum height
and range with respect to the time taken into the whole travel of the projectile

What’s In

Write your Answers in the following questions on your answer sheet.

1. What are the components of projectile motion?

2. What does the formula use in finding the initial horizontal components of the projectile in motion?

3. Why is that the acceleration of projectile in horizontal motion is constant from its initial point to final
point?

What’s New

Time, Range and maximum heights of the Projectile in Motion

1. How will you Calculate range, time of flight, and maximum heights of projectiles
 What is It

Time, Range and maximum heights of the Projectile in Motion

To understand projectile motion completely, we need to know their components along the x- and y-axis,
including velocity and acceleration, as well as the displacement. Assuming that all forces like air
resistance and frictions affecting the motion is negligible except gravity assuming that the upward
direction is positive and downward direction is negative. Then the gravity or the acceleration due to
gravity is
2
a y =−g=−9.8 m/ s

Horizontal Motion component of the projectile along vertical direction does not experience any
acceleration on horizontal motion, therefore in mathematical equation

a x =0

Assuming that the initial velocity, angle, and height of a projectile is given, then we can calculate the
components of velocity the Pythagorean Theorem;

v x =vcosθ (velocity along horizontal direction)

v y =vsinθ (velocity along vertical direction)

But if the angle, θ = 90˚ it means that the object in motion is in free fall. And if velocity in y direction is
zero, v y =0 the object in motion is in horizontal motion.
Since there is no gravity along horizontal direction of the projectile in motion, the velocity of the
projectile in motion, V x is constant in the whole travel and was equal to the initial launched of the
projectile or the initial velocity, V i

Therefore V i=V f

So, if we launched a projectile from 0 time, then at time, t the x component of its displacement from the
launched point will be

Horizontal distance, x=V xf t

Horizontal velocity, V xf =V xi

1 2
Vertical distance, y=V yi t− g t
2

Vertical velocity, V y =V yi−¿

Where:

V x – velocity along x-axis

V xi – initial velocity along x-axis
V y – velocity along y-axis
V yi – initial velocity along y-axis
g – acceleration due to gravity
t – time taken

Calculate Time of flight, Maximum Height reached and Range

The projectile launched along horizontal motion and touch the surface at any point has given derived
equations base on kinematic equation, the formula is used to calculate the time of flight, maximum
height reached, and the range.

2 v i sinθ t – time of flight

Time of flight, t f = starts when object launched into the
g air and ends when it hits the ground

Y or H is the height reached

vi2 sin 2θ by a projectile in motion
Height Reached, H=
2g

x or R is the distance reached

by a projectile in motion
when it hits the ground
2
v sin 2 θ
Range, R= i
g

Where
Vi = Initial Velocity
sin θ = Component along the y-axis
cos θ = component along the x-axis
g- acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s 2
tf – time of flight
H – maximum height reached
R - range
Example

A small stone is thrown away into the air with a velocity of 15 m/s at an angle of 30 degree along the
horizontal.

a. Find the maximum height reached by the object,

b. Time of flight, and
c. Range
Given
Vi – 15 m/s – initial velocity
θ - 30˚
g- 9.8 m/s2
Solution

Maximum height reached by the object

2
vi sin 2θ 15 2 sin2 30
Height Reached, H= = =2.87 m
2g 2 x 9.8 m/s
2

2 v i sinθ 2(15 m/s)( sin30)

Time of flight, t f = = =1.53 s
g 9.8 m/s 2
v i sin 2 θ (15 m/s)( sin2 x 30)
Range, R= = 2
=1.33 m
g 9.8 m/s

What’s More
I. Identify the following and write your answer in your answer sheet.
1. It is an object which has an initial velocity and then follows a path determined entirely by the
effects of air resistance and gravitational force.
2. It is the motion of an object whose path is affected by gravity or an object projected by some
means into the air at an angle.
3. What are the two independent components of Projectile motion?
4. What causes objects to accelerate downward?
5. What is the equivalent of the displacement in a projectile equation?
II. Solve the projectile motion problem. Write your computation and answer in your answer
sheet.

a. A stone is thrown into the air at a 15 m/s at an angle of 30 degree.

6. What is the height reached of the stone?
7. What is the time taken by the stone in the whole travel?
8. What is the ranged reached by the stone?
9. A ball is projected with initial velocity of 18 m/s at an angle of 25 degree. What is the time of
flight of the ball?
10. What is the horizontal displacement of the object thrown into the air at a velocity of 30 m/s with
an angle of 28 degree?

What I Have Learned

1. The only force acting on vertical motion is the gravity or the acceleration due to gravity,
a y =−g=−9.8 m/s 2.
2. Horizontal Motion component of the projectile along vertical direction does not experience any
acceleration on horizontal motion, therefore in mathematical equation, a x =0 .
3. The components of projectile motion can be calculated using Pythagorean Theorem, where
v x =vcosθ is velocity along horizontal direction and v y =vsinθ (velocity along vertical direction.
4. The projectile launched along horizontal motion and touch the surface at any point has given
derived equations base on kinematic equation, the formula is used to calculate the time of
flight, maximum height reached, and the range.
2 v i sinθ
5. Time of flight, t f =
g
v 2 sin 2θ
6. Height Reached, H= i
2g
2
v sin 2 θ
7. Range, R= i
g
What I Can Do

1. Can you calculate the time taken of a projectile motion?

2. Can you calculate the range of a projectile motion?
3. Can you calculate the maximum height reached by a projectile?
4. Can you identify the factors that affect the projectile motion?
5. Can you enumerate some example of projectile in motion you encountered in your daily life?

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the unit use in vertical and horizontal velocities of components of projectile motion?
a. meter
b. meter per second
b. meter per second square
d. meter second
2. What is projectile motion?
a. Motion of the force exerted to an object
b. Motion of the force present in an object
c. Motion of an object thrown into the air
d. Object thrown at the earth’s surface
3. What do you call the path of a projectile?
e. A curved path
a. A projector
b. A road to success
c. A trajectory
4. Which of the following is constant in the whole travel of the object in projectile motion?
a. Gravity, g
b. Horizontal velocity, vx
c. Final velocity, vf
d. Vertical velocity, vy
5. What is the only force acting on the projectile?
a. Gravitational force
b. Magnetic force
c. Normal force
d. Tensional force
6. What are the major components of a projectile motion?
e. Horizontal and vertical axis
f. Horizontal and vertical motion
g. Vertical and irregular motion
h. Vertical and horizontal projection
7. Which of the following is the acceleration in horizontal direction of the projectile in motion?
a. a=0
b. a=−g
c. a=g
d. a=v i
8. The ball is thrown into the air with initial velocity of 10 m/s at an angle of 30 degree, what is the
initial velocity of the ball along the vertical direction?
a. 0.88 m/s
b. 5 m/s
c. 8.66 m/s
d. 10 m/s
9. What is the maximum height of a projectile launched with initial velocity of 22 m/s at an angle
of 30˚?
a. 6.17 m
b. 36.63 m
c. 39.89 m
d. 2053.87 m
10.What is the maximum height reached by a ball thrown into the air with initial velocity of 18 m/s
at an angle of 25 degree?
a. 1.08 m
b. 2.55 m
c. 4.13 m
d. 37.27 m
11.What is the total time of flight of an object thrown in the air at an angle of 30˚ with initial
velocity of 20 m/s?
a. 1.0 s
b. 2.04 s
c. 5. 10 s
d. 20.41 s
 12.What is the horizontal range of a projectile in motion with the initial velocity of 22 m/s at an
angle of 35˚?
a. 2.85 m
b. 32.62 m
c. 46.41 m
d. 53. 98 m
13.What is the horizontal range of a stone thrown into the air with initial velocity of 28 m/s at an
angle of 40 degree?
a. 1.33 m
b. 2. 47 m
c. 35.25 m
d. 78.78 m
14.Which of the following describe the height of projectile motion?
a.

b.

c.

d.

15.Which of the following describe the range of projectile motion?

a.

b.

c.

d.

Additional Activities

Read and solve the problem carefully.

1. A girl kicked the ball with an initial velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 40-degrees with the
horizontal.
a. Calculate the maximum height reached
b. Calculate the time of flight
c. Calculate the horizontal displacement of the projectile
2. A ball is thrown from the top of a 10m high building with a horizontal speed of 5m/s.
 a. Calculate the time it takes to drop to the floor,
b. Its horizontal displacement at the point when it reaches the floor.
3. A volleyball player serves a ball with his height of 1.5-meter height and strikes the floor at point
three meter horizontally.
a. Time of flight of the ball
b. Its horizontal velocity
4. An egg rolls off the edge of a table 1.2-meter-high and strikes the floor at a point 2 meter
horizontally from the edge of the table.
a. Time of its flight,
b. Its initial horizontal velocity
5. A projectile is launched at initial velocity of 12 m/s and an angle of 27 degree.
a. What is the maximum height reached by a projectile?
b. What is the time taken by the projectile?

General Physics1 Quarter 1 – Module 5: QUANTITIES IN CIRCULAR MOTION

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain the differences of quantities such as tangential velocity, centripetal acceleration,
tangential acceleration, and radius of curvature present in an object in circular motion
2. Use equations in finding position, velocity, and acceleration of objects in circular motion
3. Solve problems involving centripetal acceleration of an object moving in circular path.

What I Know

Read each problem or situations carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is the motion along the circle and at any point is always
tangent to the circle?
a. Tangential acceleration
b. Tangential velocity
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Radius of curvature
2. Which of the following shows the concept in an object that is moving in a
circular motion with the acceleration is always towards the center of the circle?
a. Tangential acceleration
b. Tangential velocity
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Radius of curvature
3. Which of the following is the measure how the tangential velocity changes along
the time?
a. Tangential acceleration
b. Centripetal acceleration
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Radius of curvature
4. Which of the following is the distance from the vertex to the center of
curvature?
a. Tangential acceleration
b. Centripetal acceleration
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Radius of curvature
5. An object moving along circular motion with acceleration vector pointing
towards the center of the circle is known as centripetal acceleration.
a. True
b. sometimes
c. false
d. maybe not
6. What force is needed in circular motion?
a. Centrifugal force
b. Centripetal force
c. Normal force
 d. Tension force
7. Which of the following quantities in uniform circular motion of the object
remains constant?
a. Acceleration and velocity
b. Acceleration and speed
c. Speed and velocity
d. Velocity only
8. What is the tangential acceleration of the object in circular motion?
a. 0 m/s 2
b. 30 m/s 2
c. 45 m/s 2
d. 90 m/s 2
9. What is the angle between the acceleration and the velocity of the object moving
in uniform circular motion?
a. 0˚
b. 30˚
c. 45˚
d. 90˚
10.What is the type of acceleration doing a body experience in the uniform circular
motion?
a. Linear speed
b. Centripetal acceleration
c. Centrifugal force
d. none
11.What does velocity of the object describe in uniform circular motion?
a. always perpendicular to the velocity of the object
b. always perpendicular to the centripetal acceleration of the object
c. always parallel to the centripetal acceleration of the object
d. always parallel to the velocity of the object
12.What is the linear velocity a man driving a car in 60 km in two hours?
a. 30 km per hour
b. 80 km per hour
c. 100 km per hour
d. 120 km per hour
13.What is the example of angular velocity?
a. A ball rolling in the road
b. A runner in a circular track
c. A runner in a straight track
d. A ball stuck in edge of the road
14.What is angular velocity
a. Object that is moving along a straight path
b. Object in between two straight paths
c. Object that is moving along a circular path
d. Object at rest in any path
e. Centripetal force is the total force acting on the object in uniform circular
motion and the direction is always towards the center of the rotation.
15.What force is acting on the object in uniform circular motion and the direction
pointed towards the center of the circle?
a. Centrifugal force
b. Centripetal force
c. Tangential force
d. Gravitational force

Lesson
Quantities in Circular Motion
1

Riding a vehicle can bring us to experience linear motion to circular motion.

The velocity of the vehicle changes depending on the motion, direction, and time of
both motions. The basic quantities in linear motion is also same as in circular motion,
the only difference is the direction circular motion is circular path. These quantities
are the radius (r) in circular path of the circle, the time (t) taken of the object to travel
around the circle, velocity (v) and acceleration (a).
 What’s In

Write your idea about the following questions. Write your answer in your answer
sheet.

What is linear and angular velocity?

What is the example of linear velocity?

What is the formula of linear velocity?

What is the formula used to measure angle?

What’s New

Quantities of Circular Motion

1. Tangential Velocity
2. Tangential Acceleration
3. Centripetal Acceleration
4. Radius of Curvature

What is It

Knowing that a quantity with both direction and magnitude is called a vector.
An example of vector is velocity, wherein velocity is an example of linear motion where
the rate of change in objects position with respect to time.

distance
speed /velocity= --------equation1 (speed along linear motion)
time
While the direction of the circular motion is the circumference of a circle is two
pie times radius.

˚ π∗radius -------equation2
cicumference of the ¿2
Substitute equation 2 and 1

distance circumference 2 πr
speed= = = ----equation 3 (speed along circular motion)
time time t
TANGENTIAL VELOCITY

Tangential velocity is the velocity measured of an object moving along the

edge of a circle and direction is always along with the tangent line of the circle
at any given point.
 2 πr ∆ s
V T= =
t ∆t

Where
VT = tangential velocity Fig 1. Velocity vector direction at
r = radius any point in circular path is always
t = time tangent to the circle
Because of this understanding, the tangential velocity
is related to angular velocity where;

Object’s position
with respect to time

– angular velocity
The tangential velocity is measured by the
angular velocity with respect to time and the
radius of the wheel
∆s r∙∆θ
V T= = =ω ∙r
∆t ∆t S = r.

Where
∆ s – change in position
∆ t – change in time
s=r ∙ θ
ω – angular velocity
r - radius
Example
 Calculate the tangential velocity of a rotating wheel with angular velocity of 32 rad/s
with the wheel diameter of 30 cm.
Given
r = ½ (30cm) = 15 cm or 0.15 m.
ω = 32 rad/s
Solution
v t=ω∙ r

(
v t= 32
rad
s )
∙(0.15 m)

v t=4.8 m/s

TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION
The object moving in a circle doesn’t have any tangential
acceleration or zero tangential acceleration it means that the
object is moving with a constant velocity. When the object in
circular motion changes the magnitudes and direction of the
tangential velocity it resulted tangential acceleration.

Tangential acceleration is a measure of how the tangential velocity of a point changes

with time. Tangential acceleration is just like linear acceleration, but it’s particular to
the tangential direction. It always acts perpendicular to the centripetal acceleration of
the object moving in a circle.

dv
a t=
dt
𝑎𝑡 = tangential acceleration
dv = change in velocity
dt = change in time
Example:
A certain object accelerates uniformly in a circular path with a speed of 10 m/s to 100
m/s in 25 sec. Calculate the acceleration to tangential.
Given: Required:
t i=0 sec – initial time at = ?
t f =25 sec – final time
vi =10 m/s – initial velocity
v f =100 m/ s – final velocity
Find the time taken
d t =t f −t i=30 sec sec−0 sec sec=25 secs

Find the change in velocity

m m
d v =v f −v i=100 −10 =90 m/ s
s s
Find tangential acceleration
dv
a t=
dt
90 m/s
a t=
25 sec
2
a t=3.6 m/ s
CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION

Uniform Circular Motion is the motion of the object in a circle with constant speed and
as it moves in the circle it constantly changing in direction tangent to the path of the
circle in any point. As it continuously changes in direction the velocity vector also
changes and experienced acceleration. This acceleration is called as the centripetal
acceleration, means center seeking.

Fig. 1.

The direction of the velocity vector of an object in

uniform circular motion at any point is
perpendicular to the centripetal force of the object.
 Fig. 2.

Velocity Vector

Where:

– Change in velocity

V1 and v2 – velocity in uniform circular motion

For any object in uniform circular motion with a velocity in circular path with the
radius, r. the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration is

v2
a c=
r
Where:
ac – centripetal acceleration
v - velocity
r – radius

Example:
A stone swings in a circle of radius 4 m. If its constant speed is 6 m/s, what is the
centripetal acceleration?
v = 6 m/s
r=4m
2
v
ac=
r
2
(6 m/ s)
a c=
4m

ac = 9 m/s2

Centripetal Force
Centripetal force is the total force acting on the object in uniform circular motion and
the direction is always towards the center of the rotation.
In Newtons Second Law of Motion, the total force acting on the object causes the
acceleration of mass, F Total =ma. Just like for the uniform circular motion the
acceleration is the centripetal acceleration, a = ac.
In Newtons Second Law of Motion equation

F=ma
Where
F – force
m – mass
a – acceleration
F
a= ---------------equation 1
m
Centripetal acceleration

v2
ac= ----------------equation 2
r
Where:
ac – centripetal acceleration
v - velocity
r – radius
Equate the equation 1 and 2

a=a c

The magnitude of the centripetal force, Fc = mac

Therefore, the Centripetal force, Fc in terms of tangential velocity is
2
v
F c =m
r
Where;
Fc – Centripetal Force
m – mass
v – velocity
r – radius
Example:
Calculate the centripetal force exert on a 450 kg jeep taking a turn on a 330 m radius
road at 20 m/s?
Given
mass – 450 kg
radius – 330 m
velocity – 20 m/s

Solution

v2
F c =m
r
2
( 20m/ s)
F c =450 kg
330 m

F c =545 kg . m/s 2

RADIUS OF CURVATURE

The radius of curvature is defined as the radius of the approximate circle at a

particular point. It is the length of the curvature vector. As the curve moves, the
radius changes. It is denoted by r.
Equation:
mv 2
rc=
F
rc = radius of curvature
m = mass
v = velocity
F = lateral gripping force
Example

The minimum lift to a 900 kg helicopter is 9,000 N. if the helicopter travels at 110
m/s, calculate the possible radius of curvature.

m v2
Use the centripetal force equation  F= . Rearranging, we find that radius of
rc
m v2
curvature, r c = . Substitute the value minimum helicopter lift;
F

2
mv
rc=
F
 r c =(400 kg)¿ ¿
r c =360 m

What’s More

I. Solve the following problems about circular motions. Write your

answer in your answer sheet.

1. What is the tangential acceleration of the object if it accelerates uniformly in

circular motion with changes in velocity of 80 m/s an in the total changes of
time of 25 seconds?

2. The ball is tied to a string to whirl it having a radius of 50 cm at a velocity of 1.2

m/s. What will be the acceleration of the ball?

3. What is the acceleration of the bicycle if the velocity is 1.5 m/s in a circular
path with the radius of 75 meters?

4. A jeepney follows a circular road with a radius of 300 meters at a speed of 30

m/s. What is the magnitude of the jeepney’s acceleration?

5. A 450 kg jeep taking a turn on a 350 m radius road at 22 m/s. Calculate the
centripetal force exerted on the jeep.

What I Have Learned

1. Tangential velocity is the velocity measured of an object moving along the edge
of a circle and direction is always along with the tangent line of the circle at any
given point.
2. The tangential velocity is measured by the angular velocity with respect to time
and the radius of the wheel.
3. Tangential acceleration is a measure of how the tangential velocity of a point
changes with time. Tangential acceleration is just like linear acceleration, but
it’s particular to the tangential direction. It always acts perpendicular to the
centripetal acceleration of the object moving in a circle.
4. Uniform Circular Motion is the motion of the object in a circle with constant
speed and as it moves in the circle it constantly changing in direction tangent to
the path of the circle in any point.
5. The radius of curvature is defined as the radius of the approximate circle at a
particular point.
 What I Can Do

Copy and Answer the following questions in your answer sheet.

1. Differentiate tangential velocity and tangential acceleration?
2. Differentiate centripetal force from centripetal acceleration?
3. Identify the quantities in circular motion?
4. Calculate tangential acceleration of the objects in motion?

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is tangential velocity?
a. Measured velocity of the object directed outward of the circle
b. Measured velocity of the object at any point tangent to the circle
c. Measured acceleration of the object at any point tangent to the circle
d. Measured acceleration of the object directed outward of the circle
2. What is centripetal acceleration?
a. The acceleration of the object in non-uniform circular motion directed
outward the circle
b. The acceleration of the object in non-uniform circular motion directed
inward the circle
c. The acceleration of the object in uniform circular motion directed parallel to
the path of the circle.
d. The acceleration in uniform circular motion directed tangent to the path of
the circle
3. Which of the following is defined as the radius of the circle in a certain point
and was denoted by r?
a. Radius of curvature
b. Measure of radius
c. radians
d. curve
4. Which of the following is the measure of how the tangential velocity of a point
changes with time?
a. centripetal acceleration
b. tangential acceleration
b. tangential velocity
c. radius of curvature
5. Which of the following is the total force acting on the object moving in uniform
uniform circular motion and the direction is always towards the center of the
rotation?
a. centripetal force
b. centrifugal force
c. normal force
d. gravitational force
6. What is the acceleration of a 500-kg tricycle moving at 8 m/s takes a turn
around a circle with a radius of 20 m?
a. 0.4 m/s2
b. 4 m/s2
 c. 0.5 m/s2
d. 5 m/s2
7. What is the total force of acting on the 450 kg-tricycle is the acceleration is
4m/s2?
a. 1700 kg.m/s2
b. 1800 N
c. 1900 N
d. 1950 N
8. What is the centripetal force exerted on a 500 kg jeep taking a turn on a 300 m
radius road on horizontal ground at 20 m/s?
a. 33 kg.m/s2
b. 34 N
c. 667 N
d. 670 kg.m/s2
9. Which of the following acts on an object in uniform circular motion with
direction is always towards the center of the rotation?
a. Tangential velocity
b. Tangential acceleration
c. Centripetal acceleration
d. Centripetal force
10.What is the tangential velocity of a rotating wheel with the diameter of 75 cm
and angular velocity of 48 rad/sec?
a. 0.64 m/s
b. 64 m/s
c. 36 m/s
d. 2,160 m/s
11.Which of the following proves that there is a total force acting on an object in
uniform circular motion?
a. Total force is acting on the object accelerating
b. There is total force because there is no acceleration
c. No total force when there is acceleration
d. Total force acts only in gravitational force
12.What is the acceleration of the ball tied to a string to whirl at the radius of 40
cm with the velocity of 1.1 m/s?
a. 0.3 m/s2
b. 3.0 m/s2
c. 0.44 m/s2
d. 44 m/s2
13.What is the centripetal force exerted to a 400 kg jeep with a velocity of 25 m/s
taking its turn to the curved road with a radius of 350 m?
a. 29 kg.m/s2
b. 192 kg.m/s2
c. 30 N
d. d.714 N
14. What is the possible radius of curvature of a 700kg helicopter with a minimum
lift of 8,000 N that travels at 100 m/s.
a. 8.75 m
b. 76.56 m
c. 875 m
d. 1142.86 m
15.What is the tangential velocity of an object moving in a circle with the radius of
15 meters in constant angular velocity of 12 rad/s?
a. 180 m/s
b. 0.8 m/s
c. 1.25 m/s
d. 9.6 m/s
 Additional Activity

Whirling plastic clothespin

Objectives
To explore circular motion
Materials
1 pc plastic clothespin or any plastic
bottle cap
String (1.5 meter)
Procedure

1. Find an open area to perform

the whirling of the clothespin.
2. Tie the clothespin (if not
available) or any plastic bottle
cap to the string. Make sure
that the string is tied tightly.
3. Whirled around horizontally
at the top of the head. Observed safety while performing the activity.
4. Allow the string to wrap around your finger in start of whirl until the motion
increase and reach the constant motion.
5. Observed what happens while whirling the clothespin or the plastic bottle cap
or any available safe materials in whirling.
Questions: (Write your answer in your answer sheet.)

1. What force is present when you start to whirl the plastic clothespin or any
plastic bottle cap?
2. What happen to the orbit of the clothespin or any plastic bottle cap when the
string wrap around the finger?
3. What happen when you make faster the whirling of the clothespin or any plastic
bottle cap?