Synthesis Pa CSS Online Library An Alternative Learning Materials Chapter 123

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
CSS ONLINE LIBRARY: AN ALTERNATIVE E-LEARNING MATERIALS

FOR BTVTED STUDENTS OF RTU BONI CAMPUS
An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty

of the College of Education
Rizal Technological University
In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Computer System Servicing
(BTVTED)
by
PARTOZA, ARRIANNE MAY

NORQUILLAS, MARY ARC B.
SIACUNCO, JOHN ANGELO
RIVERA, KIANA ANGELI A.
17
JULY 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
APPROVAL SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …… . . . . . . ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . v
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. vi
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scope and Limitations of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Subtitles of each Literature/Studies in thematic approach)

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methods of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique . . . . . . .
Description of Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Research Instrument(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statistical Treatment of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix 1 Sample Survey Questionnaire . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix 2 Directions for Essay Writing . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix 3 Request Letter to Conduct Study . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix 4 Sample Table for Error Analysis . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix 5 Sample generated Respondent’s Profile . . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
CURRICULUM VITAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
The digital library is not a new concept in librarianship. However, its
evolution in the modern era has opened up a new chapter in the history of
information generation, processing, preservation, and dissemination. The goal
of the DL is to facilitate easy and remote access to library collections.
Roknuzzam et al. (2009), quoting Gapen (1993), defined the DL as “the
concept of remote access to the contents and services of libraries and other
information resources, combining an on-site collection of current and heavily
used materials in both print and electronic form, with an electronic network
which provides access to, and delivery from, external worldwide library and
commercial information and knowledge sources”. According to Mutula and
Ojedokun (2008), an ideal DL should be able to provide users with access to
electronic information resources via electronic means. This is reflected in a
recent definition of DL by IFLA (2010) as a “collection of digital objects, of
assured quality, that is created or collected and managed according to
internationally accepted principles for collection development and made
accessible in a coherent and sustainable manner, supported by services
necessary to allow users to retrieve and exploit the resources”. Vannever

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Bush predicted this advancement in library practice when he envisioned

the'memex,' a mechanized system based on microfilm technology that would
be able to store large amounts of books, records, and communication, with the
ability to be consulted and retrieved with exceeding speed and flexibility
(Bush, 1945). Licklider (1965) expanded on this prediction in his book
Libraries of the Future, where he demonstrated the future roles of the
computer and digital technologies in the development of library practice. He
envisioned a future library system that would incorporate digital technology
into the process of generating, organizing, and using knowledge. The digital
library is defined various definitions as a collection of digital information that
must be collected or created, processed, and managed in order to provide
universal access to digital content. As a result, for a library to be considered a
digital library, its collection must include a variety of digital resources and
provide universal access to digital content.
The amount of information produced daily has expanded substantially
in the digital age, which has greatly impacted how we store and preserve
information. How are librarians keeping up with processing the high amount of
information and how do librarians fit into the work of locating and safeguarding
items as cloud storing capacity and archiving facilities increase to be able to
store ever larger amounts of information? Continue reading to learn how these
changes are affecting librarians' jobs and the difficulties they encounter. We
need to make maps for our new information superhighway to properly share
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information. Collaboration is essential to enlarging the global network and

enhancing information sharing. Academic personnel, administrative workers,
and librarians will inevitably collaborate, pool their abilities, and share
knowledge. The involvement of librarians in reorganizing research and
creating research programs is expanding. As digitization advances quickly,
librarians are being challenged to take on educational and technological tasks
as well as maintain a consistent level of skill upkeep. Librarians must stay up
with innovation given how scholarship and research are changing. However,
their efforts must be recognized, and we must be conscious of how much time
these extra duties consume in a librarian's regular workday. For its librarians
to obtain the level of knowledge on which their institutions rely, institutions
must gradually place more emphasis on their learning and growth. Nature, S.
(2021, February 24).
Libraries have historically played important roles in education. The first
university was the first major library, which opened in Alexandria two thousand
years ago. It attracted intellectuals from throughout the Mediterranean who
lived and worked in a scholarly community for years at a time and included a
zoo and many cultural treasures in addition to much of the written knowledge
of the ancient world. In today's discourse on the National/Global Information
Infrastructure (N/GII), examples of how the enormous amounts of information
provided by global networks (i.e., digital libraries) will be applied in educational
contexts are frequently provided.

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Electronic learning, also known as e-Learning, is a set of technology-
mediated methods that can support student learning and include components
of assessment, tutoring, and instruction. It has also been referred to as
"technology-enhanced learning" and, more recently, "digital learning."
Learning with technology is different from learning with it. In contrast to
learning through technology, which suggests that technology is the only
means by which the student receives instruction and communicates with his
instructor, learning utilizing technology suggests that technology is being used
as one technique among many others. E-learning is supported by a wide
range of media and technologies, of course. For instance, the World Wide
Web can serve as a communication tool that simultaneously bonds the learner
to others and liberates him, creating communities of learning (Jonassen et al.
Wheeler, S. (1970, January 1).
Numerous users can access a variety of knowledge through online
libraries. Online libraries come in all shapes and sizes. They are free to utilize
any computing device and any appropriate program. The techniques for
choosing the content in the collections, organizing it, making it available to
users, and archiving it all share the common feature that information is
organized on computers and accessible across a network. (William Arms,
2001).
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Paperless society, electronic resources, portal 7 gateway, and global
digital library are just a few of the new terms that have emerged as a result of
the rapid development of information and communication technology. Today,
all types of libraries, including academic, public, and special ones, offer their
patrons not only printed materials but also printed, electronic, and other online
materials like e-books and databases to meet their day-to-day needs for
academic and research.
The Freedom of Information Program was implemented in the
Philippines in response to the public's right to information. It advocates for
making information accessible to the general public for all executive branch
agencies, except any that could endanger or damage national security.
Government organizations in the Philippines now make papers available
online, including publications, memos, forms, and financial data. (Marciano,
2019).
An electronic library, also known as a digital library, is a physical
location and/or website that offers 24/7 online access to written, audio, and
video content that has been digitally preserved. It makes free copies of books,
journals, and other materials accessible to users. Students don't have to be in
the same physical location to take the same course because the e-learning
materials can be accessed from anywhere at any time.

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The purpose of this study is to create "CSS Online Library: An
Alternative e-Learning Materials for BTVTED Students of RTU Boni Campus".
To facilitate their gathering of information relevant to their study of their major
subject, and how "CSS Online Library: An Alternative e-learning Materials can
meet the needs of students. This research aims to develop useful e-learning
materials for academic libraries to use in meeting the needs of their students
in unexpected situations, such as the transition to online education caused by
COVID-19. The study's goal is to develop an alternative e-learning material on
how academic libraries deal with new needs for educational materials during
the pandemic, as well as to identify the usefulness of the online website library
on student academic performance.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
This research study will help to contribute to the Effectiveness of
creating CSS Online Library: An Alternative e-Learning Materials for BTVTED
Students of RTU Boni Campus. It is especially useful in the following
situations:
The school library provides access to a wide range of resources as
well as an environment where teaching and learning are prioritized.

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The students will find that using the online library is an effective source
of information in their academic performance as second-year college BTVTED
Students.
The parents will know and guides the child in the use of the online
library and those who can help in the proper use of gathering information,
about the student's academic performance.
The teachers will know the connection between the online library and
their students’ performance.
Fellow researchers can get ideas about this study and can use this
research to develop other effectiveness of online libraries of performance.
The research recommendations in this study may be helpful to other
students because the main purpose of this study was to create a CSS Online
Library: An Alternative e-Learning Materials for the BTVTED Students of RTU
Boni Campus.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
This study has the topic “CSS ONLINE LIBRARY: AN ALTERNATIVE
e-LEARNING MATERIALS FOR BTVTED STUDENTS OF RTU BONI
CAMPUS” Aims to answer the following:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their:

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1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Year level
2. What is the scale of acceptability of the developed CSS Online Library as
perceived by the respondents with respect to:
2.1 Usability
2.2 Graphic User Interface
2.3 Functionality
2.4 Accessibility
2.5 Data Protection?
3. Is there any significant relationship between the demographic profile of the
respondents and their scale of accessibility of the developed online library?
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS:
This research focused on creating a “CSS Online Library: An
Alternative e-Learning Materials for BTVTED Students of Rizal Technological
University Boni Campus. The researcher gathered data by the conducted
survey of 25 Second-Year College for BTVTED Students of RTU Boni

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Campus”. 10 survey questions were given to each respondent in order to

collect data. In addition, this study is limited only to finding if the online library
as an alternative e-learning material is effective in using on the academic
performance of students in their study.
HYPOTHESIS:
There is no any significant relationship between the demographic
profile of the respondents and their scale of accessibility of the developed
online library.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
This research is based on the theory of:
An Emergent Theory of Digital Library Metadata
An Emergent Theory of Digital Library Metadata is a response to
today's digital library landscape, which is being challenged by growing online
collections and shifting user expectations. The theory lays the conceptual
groundwork for a new approach that moves away from expert-defined
standardized metadata and toward a user-driven approach that includes users
as metadata co-creators. Moving away from definitive, authoritative metadata
and toward a system that reflects the diversity of users' terminologies shifts
the current focus away from metadata simplicity and efficiency and toward
metadata enrichment, which is a continuous and evolving data linking process.

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At the point of delivery, information is conceptualized, contextualized, and
filtered, as opposed to a predefined description.
This study also includes the theoretical foundation of the TAM model,
(Technology Acceptance Model) which outlines how users embrace and
employ new technologies. The concept implies that when a library and its
patrons are faced with new technology, a variety of factors affect their decision
regarding how and when to use it. Such elements include Davis (1989)
defined perceived usefulness (PU) as the degree to which an individual
believes that utilizing a certain system or structure would improve his or her
job performance. Perceived ease-of-use (PEOU) - Davis described this as the
extent to which a person believes that using a specific system will be effortless
(Davis 1989). TAM proposes, in the context of information technologies, that
users create a positive attitude toward technology when they think that it is
useful and convenient, and simple to use (Davis 1989) and also this model
highlights the elements that influence an individual's acceptance or rejection of
a specific technology, including perceived usefulness and perceived ease of
use. As a result, lends itself to all library and information science courses and
even those beyond the realm of librarianship.
The Online Library can be a tool or learning platform that helps each
student in the BTVTED Students of RTU Boni Campus that helps them to their
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studies. Especially in online learning distance, it can provide them with the
effective and quick gathering of information related to what they are studying
in their course.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. What is the demographic

profile of the respondents in
terms of their:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender DEVELOPED CSS

1.3 Year level
ONLINE LIBRARY
Data collection and AS AN
2. What is the scale of
analysis using a ALTERNATIVE e-
acceptability of the developed
CSS Online Library as
checklist survey LEARNING
perceived by the respondents
with respect to:
questionnaire and MATERIALS FOR
2.1 Usability
statistical processing. BTVTED
2.2 Graphics User Interface
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2.3 Functionality STUDENTS OF RTU
2.4 Accessibility BONI CAMPUS
2.5 Data Protection?
3. Is there any significant

relationship between the
demographic profile of the
Figure 1: Research Paradigm
The conceptual framework outlines the research study approach used
by the researchers. The input which contains the important objectives for the
creation of CSS Online Library: An e-Learning Materials, first represents the
demographic profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Gender, and Year
Level
Second is the scale of acceptability of the developed CSS Online Library as
perceived by the respondents with respect to: 2.1 Usability. 2.2 Graphics User
Interface. 2.3 Functionality. 2.4 Accessibility. 2.5 Data Protection? Lastly, if is
there any significant relationship between the demographic profile of the
respondents and the scale of accessibility of the developed online library? In
the process where the researchers conducted a survey questionnaire using a
google form to distribute to selected students and to collect data by answering
the survey, the researcher used a quantitative approach and descriptive
research design in the collected data. The output contained the researcher’s
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goal to create a “CSS Online Library: An Alternative e-Learning Materials”.

And the effectiveness of using the online library as an alternative source of
information related to the student’s subject. And what alternative materials
students can use relevant to their studies. If it will be the possibility of the
usefulness of online libraries on the academic performance of students. The
formula used by the researchers was the feasible technique to collect each
number of respondents. The researchers expected to have at least 95% of
BTVTED students approving that there is no any significant relationship
between the demographic profile of the respondents and their scale of
accessibility of the developed online library
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Alternative e-learning – During a pandemic, this e-learning
encourages students to stay focused on their studies and to learn and
complete their respective academic years as soon as possible.
Accessibility – Simply defined, means that the fullest use of any
resource should be given to the greatest number of people. Libraries, as
providers of public space and digital content, have a responsibility to promote
equitable access to all users, whether or not they use assistive technology.
BTVTED – The Bachelor in Technical-Vocational Teacher Education
(BTVTEd) program is a four-year teacher education program designed to
equip future teachers with adequate and relevant competencies in the area of
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technical and vocational teacher education.

access to all users, whether or not they use assistive technology.
Boni Campus – Location of the University and where the main campus
of the college is located.
Collaboration – is a partnership; a union; the act of producing or making
something together.
Computer Networks – are the basis of communication in IT. They are
used in a huge variety of ways and can include many different types of
networks. A computer network is a set of computers that are connected
together so that they can share information.
COVID-19 –  is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus.
COVID is an acronym. ‘CO’ stands for corona, ‘VI’ for the virus, ‘D’ for disease,
and ‘19’ for 2019 (year first identified). This disease has also been referred to
as ‘2019 novel coronavirus’ or ‘2019-nCoV.
Database – also called electronic database, any collection of data, or
information, that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval by a
computer.
Data Protection – According to the Compact Oxford Dictionary,
Thesaurus, and Wordpower Guide (2002: 218) data protection means “legal
control over access to data stored in computers”.

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E-books – e-book, in a full electronic book, a digital file containing a
body of text and images suitable for distributing electronically and displaying
on-screen in a manner similar to a printed book.
E-Learning Materials – Digital learning materials, also known as e-
learning materials, are study materials that are published digitally. These
include electronic textbooks, workbooks, educational videos, e-tests, and so
on.
Functionality – Access to large amounts of information to users
wherever they are and whenever they need it.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) – is a computer program that enables
a person to communicate with a computer through the use of symbols, visual
metaphors, and pointing devices.
Library – a building, room, or organization that has a collection of
books, documents, music, and sometimes things such as tools or artwork, for
people to borrow, usually without payment.
Program – a series of instructions that can be put into a computer in
order to make it perform an operation.
Paperless Society – A paperless society is a society in which paper
communication is replaced by electronic communication and storage. The
concept originated by Frederick Wilfrid Lancaster in 1978. Furthermore,
libraries would no longer be needed to handle printed documents.

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RTU (Rizal Technological University) – is a state university located in
Mandaluyong, Philippines wherein the researcher of this study is one of their
students.
Student/s – an individual or group of individuals who gain knowledge
by studying.
Technology – refers to methods, systems, and devices resulting from
scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.
Usability – has user focus usability as “people who use the product
can do so quickly and easily to accomplish their task. Dumas and Redish
(1993, 4).
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
In this chapter, the Review of Related Literature and Studies focuses on
creating a CSS Online Library as An Alternative e-Learning Materials. The
researcher collected the review of related literature and studies to further
analyze and support the study.
LOCAL LITERATURE
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Digital Libraries to Ease Learning in the Philippines
Through electronic devices and using the internet not only in school
and inside the library we can gather information related to student learning. In
today's time when the pandemic still exists not only in our country but also in
other neighboring countries that are experiencing a widespread epidemic
caused by Covid 19. But with the help of technology, we are still able to have
a connection in the gathering of information that will help students in their
studies related to their subjects and others. The digital library helps students'
learning a lot, especially now with the Use of extensive social media platforms
and other Useful tools available in education. The online library can be easily
used and accessed by students through electronic devices, especially now
that the country is still facing a pandemic. The digital library is a Useful tool
and Resource to gather information and data that they can use, especially in
their subject and related to their course of study.
Digital libraries bring together technology and information resources to
enable remote access, removing physical barriers between resources.
Although these resources will remain specialized in order to meet the needs of
specific communities of learners, digital libraries will allow teachers and
students to access a broader range of materials and communicate with people
outside of the formal learning environment. Libraries used fewer digital

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technologies before the pandemic for fewer reasons. They were forced to
adapt in order to stay afloat, satisfy patron needs, and ensure continued
learning during the pandemic due to the unexpected lockdown caused by
COVID-19.
Global efforts to preserve documentary heritage are being led by virtual
libraries. They are in an exceptional position to advocate for and actively
participate in digital conservation. The COVID-19 crisis served as a watershed
moment, highlighting the numerous benefits of digital libraries. Indeed, digital
libraries have shown their ability not only to enable a richer, more diverse
public domain but also to promote human development. Digital Libraries to
Ease Learning in the Philippines. (2021, August 20). OpenGov Asia.
The Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center - Aquaculture
Department (SEAFDEC AQD) Library, the Philippine Council for Agriculture,
Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD)
digital library, the Filipinas Heritage Library, the National Library, and others
are among the libraries in the Philippines with digital resources available
online. These libraries have an advantage because all or a portion of their
collections are available online. The majority of academic libraries also have
access to online resources. However, not every library has a large digital
collection. The Library’s Core Roles Remain Constant. (2020, September 26).
Bluesyemre.
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The Importance of Library in our digital world

Libraries have a great role in our life most especially for the students
and educators because of technological advancement, we researchers create
some e-learning materials to catch up with the continuation of innovation of
our technology to survive in the digital age and stay relevant, public libraries
need to be brave and innovative. They must embrace both the physical and
virtual.
Libraries are having trouble transitioning to the digital era as a result of the arrival
of new technology that has changed some of our reading habits. School libraries
need to be creative and inventive if they want to live and remain relevant in the digital
age. Both the real and the virtual must be included. For students to access digital
resources from anywhere in the world with a good internet connection, libraries must
offer more than just books. C.G FABROS , E . ESTRELLA ( 2019 SEPTEMBER ).
However, with millions of websites, blogs, online instructions, and
online videos, it becomes difficult to distinguish between reliable and
unreliable sources. The school library and librarian will have a role in directing
students and censoring and selecting which books and internet resources to
use. Their research will provide additional insight into the Importance of
Libraries in the Digital Age. They investigate this topic to determine the
obstacles that the school library will confront. This recent study seeks to
ascertain the significance of the digitization of libraries in the digital and
contemporary environment. Often referred to as the "Living Room" of the

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school, the library plays a crucial role in fostering the youth's future by offering
access to more effective and productive resources.
Library Services in Covid-19
In facing the challenge of the pandemic caused by covid 19, it has a big
impact, especially on education. And one of the affected is the library, which
was temporarily closed at the same time as schools stopped admitting their
students inside the school. Through technology, we can still access the
traditional library on electronic devices, which helps a lot because even though
our country is in a pandemic, the digital library service continues through
online platforms.
The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on both the effective online
delivery of academic library services as well as online higher education
instruction. In order to keep up with the sudden demand for library services
brought on by the pandemic, all librarians came up with innovative methods
how to promptly tell customers about the new library services. The
modifications were announced in the large yellow alert box at the top of the
library's homepage. After that, all librarians at Bridgewater State University's
Maxwell Library created the Coronavirus and Library Services webpage, which
was often updated. Additionally, the library has actively publicized
improvements to its services on its website, in emails, and on social media

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(Mehta & Wang, 2020).

Many libraries still rely on face-to-face interaction as the primary component of
service. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected libraries this year.
The government imposed physical separation measures as well as other
health protocols. Lockdowns and community quarantines were implemented in
the Philippines from March 2020 to the present, forcing libraries to close
temporarily. Those libraries that have reopened must follow strict guidelines to
prevent the virus from spreading.#DigitalLibraries in The Philippines – The
Library’s Core Roles Remain Constant. (2020, September 26). Bluesyemre.
It is clear that public libraries around the world responded fast to the
COVID-19 pandemic, both by modifying their current services and by
launching new ones in order to stay in touch with their patrons (using digital
library systems). Through social media, they shared information and made
operational improvements. They also promoted library services, which range
from e-books and streaming media to virtual programming and back again,
from online knitting communities to virtual storytelling (Micaela, 2020; Perrine,
the Public Library Association anticipates 2020).
Libraries in the Philippines have long embraced digital services.
Academic libraries are often a source of new ideas. As early as the 2000s,
major universities in Metro Manila's capital region began to use online
reference services (Ramos and Abrigo, 2011). Online public access catalogs,
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online indexes, and bibliographic and online databases are examples of

common digital services. Popular platforms used by libraries for reference
services include Facebook, social media, instant messaging, email, web
forms, and 'ask a Librarian' services.
The Development of the E-learning Performance
Online Library development is an alternative e-learning material that
we’ve created that students and some teachers can use to access a wealth of
information wherever they are and whenever they need it. The purpose of this
online library is to increase their understanding of e-contents learning and
determine whether it can serve as a substitute for other e-learning resources.
Since e-learning performance and technology improvements for
educational tools are interconnected, none can be evaluated without taking
the other into account. In general, the growth of personal computers (PCs),
the Internet, well-established networks, and the broad use of ICT and the
World Wide Web have all contributed to the rapid advancement of technology
over the past forty years. For those of us who want to use learning
technologies for our benefit, Laurillard continued, "Learning technologies have
been developing haphazardly, and a little too swiftly," arguing that rather than
being driven by student needs, the development of technology was a
"historical accident driven by curiosity, the market, serendipity, and politics."
"(Laurillard, 2004, p. 7).

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Importance of Digital Resources to Students Learning and Research .

The purpose of this research was to examine the perception of students
towards digital library services in Rizal Technological University in BTVTED-
CSS. Survey method was used in this study, for 50 students from 1st year to
3rd year BTVTED-CSS that will be selected through random sample.
Questionnaire was used to collect data. The results of data will reveal the level
of awareness and utilization among the respondents. Open suggestions are
recommended to improving the digital library services.
Digital libraries are increasingly becoming a part of academic learning
community; Roes (2001).
Digital libraries are recognized as complements to the settings used for online
learning. due to the enormous number of benefits that digital libraries have
documented, like bringing information to the user, improving search,
teamwork, and sharing, and have significantly lessened the digital divide
problem. The way people interact with information has altered thanks to DLs,
for, as long as a connection to the internet is available and the user has the
necessary access Using any device, the needed data is accessible at any time
and from any location. Further, by doing DLs have given learning—and
particularly distance learning—new dimensions. in 2006 (Blandford). A further
benefit of DLs is that they are more flexible than typical libraries, which they
only have a little amount of storage, they have the benefit of reducing physical
17
space by holding everything digital data stored on a server. In fact, DLs can
always increase their storage capacity, as long as reasonably priced computer
memory is accessible. It's also intriguing to note that a DL and a regular library
don't have to be mapped one to one, as the Geographically distinct sites could
house the information in a DL (Slonim and
(1994, Baron Laurie). Similar to how Bakeri (2012) noted that the advent of the
World Wide Web and graphical browsers made the internet widely available to
people in the 1990s. have seized the opportunity to use it for their diverse
objectives and agenda. Currently, students having access to the internet for
their research and academic needs. Various kinds of web Sites have been set
up to support a variety of purposes and ideas. According to libraries, the
internet can expand the scope of their communication through websites since
the internet distributing to the general public a lot of information quickly.
colleges in the The modern world has benefited from this phenomenon by
creating their own websites. It is anticipated that the performance of
universities would be influenced by their websites; this is since these websites
are being used to advertise their shows to a broad audience of people. as a
result, student perceptions of the service and collection quality of digital
libraries accessibility could be assessed by visiting university libraries'
websites.
FOREIGN LITERATURE
17
Digital Libraries
It appears that the term "digital library" is used in two distinct ways. In general,
academics consider digital libraries as information acquired for the benefit of
user communities, whereas librarians view them as institutions or services.
However, there are disagreements between communities regarding the
meaning and extent of the term "library." In addition, current library community
definitions illuminate the practical challenges that must be addressed during
the transformation of research libraries and universities. Future trends imply
the need for in-depth research and institutional transformation in digital
libraries and libraries. The Current terminology of uncertainty impedes the
development of digital library research and practice, as well as their ability to
communicate the range and impact of their work
According to C.L BORGMAN that Globally a digital library (DL) research
and practice exploded in the 1990s. Substantial research money is now
available.Libraries are fully engaged in DL projects, and the number of
conferences, journals, and online news lists has multiplied. This article
investigates the causes of these events and the impact of major participants,
while speculating on their future course. The word "digital library"appears to be
used in two unique ways. In general, scholars perceives digital libraries as
information gathered on favor of user communities, but practicing librarians
view them as institutions or services.

17
There are tensions between the different communities on the meaning and
scope of the term "library."Throughout the 1990s, the scope of research-
oriented definitions expanded significantly. These definitions serve to establish
a network of researchers and to shine a spotlight on issues to be addressed.
Recent library community definitions serve to highlight the practical difficulties
that must be addressed during the change of research libraries and
universities. Future trends indicate to the necessity of thorough investigations
in digital libraries and the institutional reform of libraries. Current terminology
ambiguity hinders the advancement of digital library research and practice, as
well as the capacity to explain the scope and impact of their work.
Improvement and Innovation of Access and Retrieval for Effective
Research Activities in University E-libraries in Kogi State Nigeria.
To start with the e-libraries have made study more interesting and becoming
an intellectually organized information resource center and putting a world of
knowledge at the researchers' fingers. Adopting an university e-library helps
produce scholars. E-libraries are implemented in Nigerian universities to give
staff and students electronic and online resources to promote education and
supply educational materials for successful teaching, learning, and research.
In particularly Electronic library achieves its goals by giving on-demand access
to relevant content. University e-library provides convenient access to digital

17
information, electronic resources, and electronic services utilizing computer or

telecommunication technologies. Digital library acquires, processes,
preserves, analyzes, and distributes information electronically. Also It can
promote national and municipal growth by providing decision-making and
policy-improvement data. Electronic library comprises data administration,
information retrieval, library science, document management, information
systems, the Internet, image analysis, and AI . Due to its multidisciplinary
nature, e-library definitions are flexible. Digital libraries are defined by their
format, structure, and attributes but an Ineffective access to e-resources and
services hinders the university's e-purpose. Taylor and Francis (2013)
recommends improving e-resource access and retrieval. They suggested
creating and adopting metadata standards to signal 'open' content, improved
identification of free articles in hybrid journals, permanence of access and
reliable archiving for free content, comprehensive indexing of quality free
resources by discovery systems, consistent usage statistics for free online
content, improved integration of free content with link resolvers, and
development of a wider range of trusted researchers.
Perceptions of usability and usefulness of digital libraries
The Academic libraries digitize their unique collections such as textual,
graphic, and multimedia materials. Also the Digitization projects provide digital
collections that improve academic teaching and learning. Digital libraries are
17
new, hence research on their discovery, adoption, and use in higher education
is limited. The Perceptions of utility and usability are crucial to user adoption
and success. This research on information system acceptance focuses on
educational digital libraries. It also assesses user impressions of online
teaching and learning tools.
The Study the examines academic libraries' digital resources to improve
instruction and learning. In addition numerous libraries have initiated the
digitization projects to make their visual material, maps, manuscripts, audio
and video, and historical original sources accessible to students and the
public.
The E-Learning Definition
In our study, the meaning of e-learning is the most important part of
learning in the creation of an online library, where it can be effectively used by
students studying a bachelor of computer system servicing. Also, in the
development of the website for the online library for students in the CSS
course, e-learning is the system that will support the development of the online
library, it will also be the source of information related to the computer system
course. servicing. Because the purpose of this study is to create a useful
online learning tool by creating a CSS online library as an alternative tool or
materials that students can use in their studies.

17
E-learning is one of the educational outcomes that has surfaced from the
development of ICT. Its general concept is essentially learning which involves
the usage of any electronic device, from computers to mobile phones, and
which might, or might not, involve the usage of the internet (Web sites+ other
applications) or an intranet (Local network system). E-learning could be
presented through several resources, for example: computer software and
internet websites. Moreover, other applications have been developed
specifically for e-learning, such as Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs),
which provide the user or the learner with numerous facilities like.
Also. One of the benefits of the growth of ICT for education is e-learning. Its
basic premise is that learning involves using electronic devices, such as
computers and smartphones, and may or may not involve using the internet
(Web sites plus other applications) or an intranet (Local network system). E-
learning can be delivered through a variety of resources, such as online
websites and computer programs. Additional e-learning-focused software has
been created, such as Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs), which offer the
user or learner a variety of amenities like access to learning resources without
difficulty, communication with instructors or trainers, and interaction with peers
Due to its accessibility from anywhere at any time, the VLE offers flexible
access to learning (Adam &Healy, 2016).

17
2000). E-learning is seen favorably by a lot of authors. Rustenburg et al.
provide one such example when they refer to e-learning as "the use of
networked technologies that will make the revolution conceivable."E-learning
will be essential in transforming how we work and live, according to
Rustenburg et al. Rustenburg and co. (2000). The following statements,
however, were offered by some additional studies to define and describe the
concept of e-learning. E-learning is defined by the European Commission
(2001) as "the use of new multimedia technologies and the Internet to develop
the quality of learning accessibility to resources and services, as well as
remote communication and cooperation, will improve the quality of teaching
and learning (The European Commission, 2001). A similar definition was
provided by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) in 2003, which
described e-learning as "learning assisted and promoted via the use of the
information and communications technology (ICT)"(JISC, 2003). According to
Clark &Mayer (2003), e-learning is the instruction given through a computer's
CD-ROM, internet, or intranet and has the following characteristics: it contains
content pertinent to the learning objective; uses instructional methods that
include examples and practice to support learning; uses media elements, such
as words and pictures, to transport and deliver the contents and methods; and
develops new knowledge and skills related to enhance organizational
effectiveness. Mayer &Clark (2003).

17
The Adaptation of E-learning
Adapting of e-learning during this time of pandemic and the
continuation of innovation in our technology is really important, especially for
the students to continue their studies, they use different kinds of platforms that
they can use to provide their needs when it comes to their related courses.
The adoption of e-learning is not a straightforward process; there are
several favorable conditions that must be met first, including: The favorable
attitudes of the institution. The system's perceived value in adoption. The ease
and comfort with which the system is reportedly used. The institution's team
preparedness, including user and staff readiness for technological access and
cultural evaluation. Additionally, the dissemination of innovation may be seen
in the uptake of e-learning. While there are many other models that have been
developed to illustrate and clarify this, these models are created specifically to
show how new technological advancements are accepted and used. The
adoption of e-learning in HEIs involves a variety of aspects and influences,
such as: social, cultural, interpersonal, and organizational variables
(Stephenson, 2001).
Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

17
Synthesis of Local Literature
The researchers in this study gathered reviews of Literature studies relevant
to their research. In this chapter, the researchers presented their points of
view based on their understanding of each topic contained in this chapter.
After, Presenting each of their points of view the researcher gathered review
literature and studies that similar to the study that they conduct and it will
support the topic described based on their research.
The Reviews of literature and studies collected by researchers similar to
the studies they are conducting refer to the presentation of the point of view
that provides support to be Useful in the topic. The researches in this study
are important to clarify and meaningful the study in creating a useful that can
be used by the students and it is a useful tool it is also an alternative material
that can be, used in studies.
Synthesis of Foreign Literature

17
17
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
17
This chapter included a full discussion of the research design
description and methodologies. The researchers will record how the pertinent
data and information acquired answers to the research purpose using the
questions that have been posted. All the components of the research design
are the research instrument, data sources, analytical methods, data collection
methods, and data presentation methods were justified, examined, and
presented.
METHODS OF PROCEDURE
The design used by the researchers in this chapter is a Quantitative
method of research to determine the effectiveness of using a CSS Online
Library as an alternative e-learning material for BTVTED students at RTU Boni
Campus.
The quantitative approach emphasizes the importance of treating
respondents numerically and describes data collection from survey
computation to data and statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of
collected data obtained through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by
modifying existing statistical data using computational techniques. The
quantitative analysis focuses on collecting data and hypothesizing about
numerical information between individuals or describing a particular
phenomenon.
17
POPULATION, SAMPLE SIZE, AND SAMPLE TECHNIQUE
The subjects were 25 Second Year College, and 25 were BTVTED
CSS Students, this study is only focused on BTVTED CSS Students at Rizal
Technological University, it does not cover other courses. The researcher
chose purposive sampling because BTVTED-CSS Second year college
students were the only respondents considered. The samples were selected
with criteria based on the research questions. Ten questions "Agree"
"Disagree" "Neutral" "Strongly Agree" and Strongly Disagree" was prepared by
the researcher to identify the relationship between the demographic profile of
the respondents and their scale of accessibility of the developed online library.
The research will use a purposive sampling strategy that falls under the
method of non-probability sampling. Using a non-probability sampling using a
sampling method where the chances of any member being chosen for one
cannot compute a sample. In contrast to probability sampling, where the odds
can be calculated. Non-probability sampling's guiding principle is that each
object has an equal chance of getting chosen.
DESCRIPTION OF RESPONDENTS
The student population of Rizal Technological University is generally
coming from 2nd Year BTVTED - CSS. The selected groups were assigned
twenty-five (25) students each. They are described according to their profile
17
such as Gender (Male and Female), Age, and Year level.

A survey questionnaire will be used to collect data for this research
that help to validate the findings; the findings from the instruments converge to
present the result of this research. The data was gathered through a survey
and computed using frequency and percentage distributions. Also, purposive
sampling was used in the collection of respondents’ data which are the
BTVTED-CSS Students of RTU Boni Campus. The data were obtained and
statistically analyzed and presented in tabular form.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT(S)
The information will be gathered using a well-designed questionnaire to
elicit the data that is required to assess the effectiveness of the e-learning for
Rizal Technological University’s BTVTED – CSS 2nd-year students.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The researcher adopted the research questions form through their Self-
Assessment. The respondents are given choices “Agree" "Disagree" "Neutral"
"Strongly Agree" and Strongly Disagree" for the researchers to know if the
CSS-Library website is effective to use as an alternative e-learning material.
The researcher has sought the approval and validation of the research
instrument to check the clarity and usefulness of the research questions in this
study.
17
After the approval of the research instrument, the researcher created
google forms to conduct the survey followed by the dissemination of the
questionnaire through messenger on BTVTED – CSS 2nd-year Students.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
The collected data will be collected, interpreted, presented, organized,
tabulated, and will be statistically analyzed. Descriptive measures, including
frequency, and percentage will be used in the study.
Where;
P- represents the percentage
F- represents the frequency
N- is the number of the population
F
P= ×100 %
N
17

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RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

CSS ONLINE LIBRARY: AN ALTERNATIVE E-LEARNING MATERIALS

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

PARTOZA, ARRIANNE MAY

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Subtitles of each Literature/Studies in thematic approach)

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Appendix 1 Sample Survey Questionnaire . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

The digital library is not a new concept in librarianship. However, its

information generation, processing, preservation, and dissemination. The goal

of the DL is to facilitate easy and remote access to library collections.

Roknuzzam et al. (2009), quoting Gapen (1993), defined the DL as “the

information resources, combining an on-site collection of current and heavily

commercial information and knowledge sources”. According to Mutula and

Ojedokun (2008), an ideal DL should be able to provide users with access to

electronic information resources via electronic means. This is reflected in a

recent definition of DL by IFLA (2010) as a “collection of digital objects, of

assured quality, that is created or collected and managed according to

internationally accepted principles for collection development and made

accessible in a coherent and sustainable manner, supported by services

necessary to allow users to retrieve and exploit the resources”. Vannever

Bush predicted this advancement in library practice when he envisioned

the'memex,' a mechanized system based on microfilm technology that would

ability to be consulted and retrieved with exceeding speed and flexibility

(Bush, 1945). Licklider (1965) expanded on this prediction in his book

Libraries of the Future, where he demonstrated the future roles of the

computer and digital technologies in the development of library practice. He

envisioned a future library system that would incorporate digital technology

library is defined various definitions as a collection of digital information that

must be collected or created, processed, and managed in order to provide

universal access to digital content. As a result, for a library to be considered a

provide universal access to digital content.

The amount of information produced daily has expanded substantially

items as cloud storing capacity and archiving facilities increase to be able to

information. Collaboration is essential to enlarging the global network and

enhancing information sharing. Academic personnel, administrative workers,

knowledge. The involvement of librarians in reorganizing research and

creating research programs is expanding. As digitization advances quickly,

librarians are being challenged to take on educational and technological tasks

as well as maintain a consistent level of skill upkeep. Librarians must stay up

to obtain the level of knowledge on which their institutions rely, institutions

(2021, February 24).

Libraries have historically played important roles in education. The first

years ago. It attracted intellectuals from throughout the Mediterranean who

of the ancient world. In today's discourse on the National/Global Information

Infrastructure (N/GII), examples of how the enormous amounts of information

provided by global networks (i.e., digital libraries) will be applied in educational

contexts are frequently provided.

Electronic learning, also known as e-Learning, is a set of technology-

of assessment, tutoring, and instruction. It has also been referred to as

"technology-enhanced learning" and, more recently, "digital learning."

Learning with technology is different from learning with it. In contrast to

learning through technology, which suggests that technology is the only

instructor, learning utilizing technology suggests that technology is being used

as one technique among many others. E-learning is supported by a wide

to others and liberates him, creating communities of learning (Jonassen et al.

Wheeler, S. (1970, January 1).

Numerous users can access a variety of knowledge through online