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Cardiac arrest

Presentation · January 2022

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Ali Malik Tiryag

University of Basrah
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 Cardiac arrest
• Introduction
• What is cardiac arrest?
• Cardiac arrest is a clinical condition that occurs as a result of cessation of the mechanical activity
of the heart muscle, failure of the brain’s blood supply, leading to fainting.
• This phenomenon is caused by a group of pathophysiologic factors that lead the heart to reach the
end of its path.
• The mechanisms responsible for regulating the mechanical activity of the heart include metabolic
and neuroendocrine systems, and these systems collapse in certain pathological conditions whose
source is the following:
• A problem with the heart muscle itself, or with the coronary arteries that supply the heart
muscle.
• Note that cardiac arrest may not necessarily mean death. If the issue is addressed immediately
and quickly, and the injured person is treated, it is possible to avoid any health consequences or
complications.
 Types of cardiac arrest:
1-Heart stand still :Here, the heart stops in a state of relaxation, and by planning, there is no
electrical activity, but only a straight line, which is the worst warning of "death".
It occurs as a result of the complete blockade that occurs in the so-called Stokes-Adams
syndrome, and this results from a defect in the coronary arteries, a complete blockage in some
parts of it, or an anatomical change in the heart muscle, which causes heart failure or
oxygenation, or both.
2-Ventricular fibrillation “V.F” cardiac arrest:
Here we find on the chart soft or wooden teeth, and the more rough they are, the better the
warning. That is, there is electrical activity, but it is never regular, and it is the most common
form of cardiac arrest.
3- Electro-mechanical separation:In this case, we notice by planning the continued presence of
electrical activity and small, spaced irregular compounds, but the cardiac outcome is “zero”,
that is, the absence of pressure and pulse.
4-Coronary artery disease (CAD): It is also called ischemic heart disease. CAD occurs when the
heart's arteries cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It is most often caused
by a buildup of plaque, a waxy substance, within the lining of the large coronary arteries. The
plaque blocks some or all of the blood flow to the heart.
 Sings and symptoms:
•1_ Chest pain
•2_ Shortness of breath
•3_ Fatigue
•4_ Vomiting and nausea
•5_ Cough
•6_ Vertigo
•7_ Fainting and loss of consciousness
•
 Causes of cardiac arrest:

•Scarring of the heart tissue .

•Thickened heart muscle .
•Heart medications .
•Electrical abnormalities .
•Blood vessel abnormalities .
•Recreational drug use .
 Cardiac arrest complications :
• Among the main complications of cardiac arrest are the
following:
•
• Fainting due to lack of blood supply to the brain.
• Brain damage: People who survive a heart attack may
show signs of brain damage.
• the death.
Diagnosis of cardiac arrest
_ Duringa cardiac event that causes your heart to stop beating
efficiently:
1 _Seek medical attention immediately.
2 _An electrocardiogram test to determine the type of
abnormal rhythm your heart is experiencing.
3 _Use a defibrillator to shock your heart.
4 _Use blood tests to look for signs of a heart attack.
5 _Measure potassium and magnesium levels .
6 _ A chest X-ray can look for other signs of heart disease.
 Cardiac arrest treatment
• The treatment is as follows:
• . 1 _Emergency treatments
• Among the most prominent emergency treatments used in the rescue operation of the patient:
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): This is a form of emergency treatment for cardiac arrest.
• Defibrillation: This is a treatment that may make your heart beat again once it stops.
• . 2 _Preventive treatments to prevent recurrence of cardiac arrest
• If you survive a heart attack, your doctor may start one or more treatments to reduce your risk of
another attack, including:
• Medicines: Medicines to lower high blood pressure, and lower high cholesterol.
• Surgery: Damaged blood vessels or heart valves can be repaired, and the problem of blockages in the
arteries can be removed surgically.
• Play sports: to promote heart health.
• Changing the dietary pattern: by following a diet that reduces high cholesterol.
 Prevention of cardiac arrest
Tips for Preventing a Cardiac Arrest Preventing a
cardiac arrest involves avoiding plaque buildup and
clot formation in the arteries by implementing
heart –healthy habits.
.Simple Ways to Prevent a Cardiac Arrest:
1 _Eat a Healthy Diet .
2 _Stay Active Exercise .
3 _If Necessary , Lose Weight .
 Prevention of cardiac arrest
4 _Reduce Your Stress Level .
5_ Stop Using Tobacco and Drinking .
6_ Carry out regular check-ups, especially check-
ups related to heart diseases.
 NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• 1 _ Decreased cardiac output related to bradycardia.
• 2 _ Fatigue related to impaired metabolic state.
• 3 _ imbalanced nutrition less than body relared to vomiting nausea .
• 4 _ Impaired gas exchange alveolar –capillary changes manifested by
cyanosis .
• 5 _ Ineffective airway clearance secretions mainifested by prodcative
cough .
• 6 _ Ineffective breathing patterns respiratory muscle Fatigue
manifested by soB .
 Nursing intervention
1_ Vital Signs Monitor .
2 _Educating the patient about his illness .
3_Giving medicines on time .
4_ Provide comfort to the patient .
5_ Drink enough fluids .
6 _Don’t smoke .
7 _Help the patient to implement lifestyle
changes that will reduce stress.
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