Let T: U -> V be a linear map.

The kernal of T is defined by Ker(T)=N(T)={u: T(u)=0}

Set of all vectors in the domain space which corresponds
to zero vector of the codomain space

Let T: U -> V be a linear map.

The range of T is defined by R(T)={T(u):uϵU}
Set of all vectors in the codomain space which are
mapped by T

We find the values at the std basis of the domain space

and the span will be its range.
To find the basis of the range we extract LI from the
range
Rank Nullity Theorem
Let T: U->V be a linear map and U be a finite dimensional vector space
Then dim R(T)+ dim N(T) = dim (U)

Inverse of Linear Transformation:

A linear map T: U -> V is said to be non singular if it is one to one and onto.
A linear transformation T is non singular if and only if T has inverse.
A linear transformation T is non singular is termed as singular

THEOREM:
Let T: U-> V is non singular and linear, one-one and onto. As T is one-one and onto
T -1 exists such that T(u)=v  u= T -1 (v)
Let v1 and v2 be in V. We have u1 and u2 in U such that
T(u1) = v1  u1= T -1 (v1)
T(u2) = v2  u2= T -1 (v2)
Now T(u1)+ T(u2)= T(u1+u2)
Hence u1+u2 = T -1 (v1+v2 )
T -1 (v1+v2 ) = T -1 (v1) + T -1 (v2 )

Also αT(u1)= α v1 implies α u1 = T -1 (α v1)= αT -1(v1)