//0

4ha oasiboy povbabihey matrK a Made

claiy o , nzoj ay e Stales and 3 is

PEo.6 0
0.3 o4 03

inital dstoibu oy po)-o O 0-1

Finl i Pa=3) i) P 2 = 3 , X, -3, o = )
2 3

o43 o31 O6
P =
2024 0.42 d.34

3O36 O35 29 |

P%=)+P-3/%-a)PA -)
PC 3) PC=an,-)
+PC=3/10-3) POo=3)

ai) P,=3/%oza) O
- P3/16-) P = )
PC-3, o =2)

04

PCuz35,-3h ra) P6=3 ra)

PC-3, ,=3 7=a)
=
Plns=3/n-3) P 3-
=O3x 04 = O.01
PCs=2, 72 3 7,-3 a ) = POs/1-3, ,-3 o=)
xP7-37,-3 7o =2)

Pls2/- 3) PO73 ,23=a)

O004e

Stadona Drstrnbubro ar a Markov Chau

Depmiba
Ket , n2o) cbe Daarlav chuis
a
konogeneous
wilk TP P. kre exis a
poobrbuy
vecttr 7 stucd 7P= 7T

is Cale a sttosaay eksknbut or

stea stale absanbutio k E Oaathov claio

ehnitbor
stoclasic os Matov matix P dor

ls all pesitive entnes hr soma

P
pasitr mteper 7 is caled a Raeulas macaTxK

A ekomofenevt lortov chain is

iS called

hepular i k s TP Pisgtlas
 1/a

Theore
keb o , » 20) de a egellas KorogenOoy

inile-state Oaseov chain wik TPOP

A P = a whr is matoix

-0d

wkose. 0uuS are ihobca/ med egun

Morkuv charn
satioooo
Stabioary obstaibutioo 7 A
TP a Dakorv chai S

Aind sLendly stale aAtsibubvo Ckaivs

et T a stee stcl

and ,+ =/
cas tsibuto T s TP= T

7P

anel ,+ =1
s0lvrry 7-T =o

use
 13

chs brikutiwo
slene stal

6 Rssem ka a corpster syslem is

One
Ksee states busy, ide am

anhs aepair, Rspechve, chnoceel e,1,

at eRek
obesuy1
Obeury i6 stale Pm.

TPM as

06 Oa |

Pzo/ 0.8 O
O6 o4

Find oub brd step TP. Debesminu

ckriiy poobcbhtes
TPM is
Seond slep

O.66

O6

TPm
hod slep
T
O46 0:324 . 216
3
0.a7 oS68

054
 14
(R) 0 o all
51nc Pi >0 avnd j Pis sgulas
Thus givo arlerv ckaio is epula Hena

gveo Markov chais eka a Stendy-tal

chstarbu do

0-6 0 0a
L o-6 04
4To-71-6% =d
6 To 0 :| + O.6 7 =Vo
0

o 26 +71-67a 0
OTo tO-1+04

atr k seund egnatid we geb Vo -1

Ast o brd ezuata uege

Substituhg i

3To-67a =0

Mo =

Also wwe kave

 slead state chstoiberbo

artkov Clai
Clasidicabos Stales a

S0ma n and r al

and Ka evey State be

ols sbnte h o ks
eaehecl o eee
a askov elauo is 5id
condboo is Sabstied
TPO a ireducible
Se ireduciS. h

Chau s a ireducible Olsasise

matux . Ckssise
scid be non iredeci6fe
chaio
Aeducible
Dadkorv Chau is caled
Stale
o o r 3ma n>l
etuansbale,

ebu state iS
The peaiod
ared as d{pz/t>oj.
d is said 6 b peiodike
State

dli >l and peaivclie d=

pesdo4 di
Stali is qpeiohce
 1/6

poobrbhey bat la chasn retns

siate. , kavny starledbo stale , b e

irst me al e 99 step s anoted y

ma caled l irst setarn bima. po0basney

0 Securena Ama ponbrbly. (n, " j

turen
1 , 3. . .

is stbvbu trn

mus ste d
o

shtee

1s Cestair

5 Caled

Stale i
Retutaente m dK

A stle is Said be persistenb

A
e bur 6 state d i s
0 se c u r e n E

cestain. e,
baansient atuarn Shl
said o be

s CnLer taio .

ie, Fiu

de poibve ecurrent
Thesbalk d i s said b
is dme
non nall fperssboot) mta urrnu
 1sAnale and null persistent i zo
A unull persstent (posibve ncurrrnt) and

aprnohe slale is called ergolic

Thea A, B and re kawiny

ball o eaek
olsA augys koows

bal to B and 3 ahays

but i s a kkel
is Dartovib.
s o A. Skouw at l puess

Find Lennsitos matain and cksi sbtes

We chnote h boys A,Band f
Let Ko rote
States and 3 lpetbvey
SaM at st
plhyer hollasy 1
Ths 1é is clear et
wke ve

n, bub notE
stales n eapend only oP

on stales - , ma, Thuo _n2o}

Th TPO i
Martev choo
2

P
O
 I1&

p 4 & and

le have o a>e, hs o, >o, Paa o

2 3 0 B1 >o, Pa >o and P3

dr 3oma posibre
5ma >o r al and
a r h e v chaio s arecacible
meger

(
21/ a >oed 34 -

la) =el
jcd ( 3 4 . 3 =/
da)4ced
2 1/ >o)
cd as,3-/

are apesiodC
sbates , and 3

Markn chun is dhnibe cnd ieduible

Sinu h
nonul persistn6 posibve
al i6 Skte r

onneul/
Sna a l a s t a es
ae

Recurreoé ).
and apesiohc, y are eryodi
pesiskent
Thosen)
aatov chain s orelacib, Ms
all is states re
lasan pe Thy
enhs a Eransient, al null pesiskeob or al
nonull pessisbent. AM i Strto a r eik apenohc

or pe7oke ak K SAma

Teore
ZL a astkov cain as drib &lates and
monll
veztucibe all i6 stabes are
peosistent Cposibve 7ecurrent)