mawryCodeel eeanal CB cD) Coel 9Bu2) eele

hrs Cole ench ceamal dpt js Iupssertd

oy C 4it bray
Deximd BcD
O 000
o00)
2
3 o01

10 O001 0000

0001 000
2
)3 0 001 0011 e
 Dettctimg Cossecturo Caale
Duunq th procesS binau olata tengroi ssion,
esoors may do
occw. osdex oletect au Corecs
Such eoTS,hooHpes
Cocles, mamey G) Esros
dehcetu
detectig Coces Cunal Ci)Eros CoTectmq Codes, moy be

4 a Smgle err anspormg a valid Cosle worol

into an ivela one, it s Sail t be a Single
es-detecting Cocle
he mast Simple and Comonly e a er0x detectuy
method the peri check , i nwbich an extra
paitybit Induale
oiththe bina Toess
to mare the tote No. etLs ewhe ada o eve,
Hesulinq. n hoo methaols, viz(i) Een parit
me tho C) Odd- poauty me thad.

ven-Paut Metkook
te eren Parily me-thood, the total
nmbese S in the Locle quCinchuekng he
Paruly bit) must be an cren umber

Odd-_pority Method2
Jn the ododl- parly me thocl,the otl
the Part J t ) must Je an
No. ofs Cincludig
GcdNo.
 pouly bet Jenorals

Mess cge Even-poouy cpela Oold- pandy code

y P
P
Ooo
O0 001 001 0
0l0
O1
Lo O
1o
O

Hamming Cocks Coeleuwro

No mes age alo. eh paty t s

tts

Blocclength -2 n = 2 -
No o me&sage bits 2 K 2-m-
rlo orporndy its m-n-x
Min Hummin alStante Cmin
Cade
eicen1: -m-
2-

m
Hamming Code g4ructwu

-it Hamnfmg Caole

ffP P P

pariy t 2 -0,13
, 2'-2 2-8
Sbit Hamming_co ole
Ps P P PP

Pandy Bs 2 " D20, 1,2,3-

-panty liis
2012'-2 2 2 2- 26 l-m59bits

Even Paty
Parnty
Oald parcy
3, 5, 7 9, 11, 13 15,17,1

2 2, 6,7, 1o,", 14,S

fy 4,5,6,7, 12, 13,14, 1

e 8 , 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 1

 &ind aut th Code oovo o1 wm Hammîng ade
e Ever pauit)

D D Py D P f
Sel

P.Pa,P 2 Paut it

P PaPsPa
L

P D D

P DPe D 7

Coduuord:- lo Olo)
ind ot the Codeuso otOtol 4
aoming Coele
Pesuy)
D P D3
Ere pa
Gd peu
 lolo1 he 7bit Haning CocluuoDored.
fmd att Cossc Cocleioord Cevto pandn)

D Ds PP

P ,3 5
O

2 2, 3 6
No e r o

, 5 6

ale P2CSonoemoT
LontansEms
Coolaes rod 1o1 o 1
Ccorect Codesooro O o
 LL1o1 o1 u he Eren Pevt Ait
Mammm Codeu Urd ino gut Cosseit Coeleoord
6 D Py
O O

P 35, +

2,3, 6,

P ,5,6,

96
E ov , alse in P
S P entauns

Coleoro

Carset Cocdeo or cl 1o
 D11010 J he odd pudy -it
awu Cooeogrd ino Stesutt Cooleord
D7 Py P2
o

P , 3, 5, m
0 01

P 2,3,6

P 3 , , ,E

No ésTor also in R.

S P CoAas Ems

pdauoord O o1 o

Cored Codeoorel L0
 Chasacto (epreietah Ba

ASCIL
AsCEL K e abbseviatio mevican
Stemore Cocle f funmation Exchonge.
+ s e inmos Computers&K other
elechmni esdp ment Most ompuk Kegboanels
Stendardqd itk AscIz. cohen e bses a
Ke t h e Cosrespondlimy AsLII Coeke d4 9enerotte
which9pes nho the ComputT.

AsCEI_has 28 charaetexs2Symbols.
e need 4 t s t o 9prsent n3 chagaotens
So Asczr t cocde
I L Con se Consielereal ens an b5Coole
alueys.
AscI CeelssU o tyre- Ascz1-74
ASCLL-8.

The fust thisdyt 0 ASCILCharaeters x

non quaphic Commonoid hiC ae nera prihtee os
drsplageol They ae anly or e Cootro pupoe
Eraupl Cont CKattd a ndl oesp
The emaining characte ore
gaphic mbols
symbol s wheh
ohch c
te olispoed 0 mt,T
indudshe leors
alphabets en olecdmal dug, punchuatuon 88 n4 44
n4
Dthes Commony us mbols.

The AscZL Coele SetConsiss o 4 4 printeble

Characte SPALE 49£LTE churaitorns, & 32
Contol Symbols

EBCDZi
Exenoluel binarycodel ckumal inechange
Coole

E BCDC olata entoclerg. Syae oleveloyeeal by

IBM s e l mas¥ o i+s Competer s
Coole Jor
hat se a umlgue yht-bit binary
eack No. alphabereckaracte wellL
accentel alur
punctuetion martsand
non alpkabetic Ckornoders

However al ta
ThSs on 8-bit Code
Ombin9-ion ese mot neol
Pessible 26 chece ermo
bt ed to
Ther noparuty
Codé Set
he baste

Vnitode Universal
entoclunq,
characun encocluoy
UniCoele he
Consoium. This enioding
Unicool
matnteineel by he shsgye
basis fos prmesng,
Standarel
P ols e
ext dala i n any lanrng
anob inteschary T Jechnolegy pmhtelu4
oftwaru 4 (smatbn
all moder
 Unicaol Supps moseKan mll oole
poma whick ar

a
pus Sign anol he number n ha

The wosd Hello " wntten

U+O0 u8 U+o06S
Ut0 06F
5
The ist (2 chasaaters wnfCsede aru
he Same C ghe AscIz Chárates Set
it 32 CharaeterS U + O O00-Ut00)F
tallll