clASSMAte

Date
Page
PHASE EUILIBRIAA
PMane s O
HoMoquuubu eudities
Mechaically Secpotable
Plyaically distiad
F C-P2
Componds Lesat mooidupanded covatikwaat xaauiad to en pr
te Compositio oeve phase. byMn ducal AXA.
Deqa udoma Fzo (Systam cL Lalled s iuvid o weavaniaut
F- unydiet)
F 2 ( b vatiou
ton puxu
.
qutb,F:22pubwa &tp)
Fo miu dquded, F: optemp, ub
Pou mex puis occuMal o Sama Subastauce wota Fuau ona
Cstalir atws
Whn tis oLmd iu elemuds calle as allotuopl
Kup eAllalops
DEautitsxaplu leujesiou a su o iuo auotu a spaile
LenieTa hiou Hepatoa
e-RuosbicSulphut MouocluicSulglau 6-5'c).
2) Mauetao plkyTA occuns wan B oN is sBadle & atu is
Mctastable
Metabtalale clauncgs o Stable leM al au un chag
s otevet ble
exiolte P RadP,qaplile Diamas
 clASSMAte
Date
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3) Dnani Allotba p l y - ConVhi an ? o ous Jox o

Quot ocwx od a tep ( o l l a f xaudi Hbu tauf

e
S S S pta Sotphsn)
a120'C o 31l 6:37
s444.6C37/% 51
Diladoad a A Madius wlih is used to ManUx
anitiou temp u i chauye is Voluma

Stcuaitio dep. Sawbilitu botth CopouudA cb-u Saua.

ad SysteM
OA Fubiou wxve Litpi
OC Vapoux Psuxa oxuNe ICE

Ob Su blumion Cuxve
M
Ha A 70
dal on
OA Supan cooliaAa Vopou
O A is tniple pot watd
IOo'C

u M we cool wae belbud uag pait loy coal

eliiahinq golid pobious, el oktaax matoatkle eajiEbrum.

Sulpun Sustem

A VopouH pMeskute cUnue a hoi/Sod

Soltd hombic Sulpw Moiic
A
DCVapouM Pubdua Cune o Sod
Mowo dont S. Nopou
CD Vapoun pubbu cuwe o : S
15 6 \4 120
BETaubiion Cunve.
CE Tubion Cuve oSM
EG ubon CUMyR aSR
A ved e ple pd
Wu to iud noo compouds

C N- E

RT R-L
G3-2=
Sucxose Sal (beloo schunatiou paiut)

&wed to sa
both uden A sanase.an
At SaduMatiou paad we a uat to dell h anoud o Lositud
o
Hu's sal,nutln e cau tell ouly lempA
,Athnadina pt oCoapo neuds=

CaCOgfs Ca0es COle

N=3
E : Las bu qivuq a docopauud ne udil
Kuo abou 3 mpaun

C= 3-1=2-
 Date
poge

NH&CA s ) NHst Hg ALLacaiye

PH
N 3
E 2
No compouds =
3-2 -
P4, Pae s ot aivai.e, P Ac
N 3
E R, sill be pused ody
COwponuds =B-12
Toalled Natd, kU, Nat,k',u,
HOgr,Day-
R, Electftud Neutnali
R Na (l Na C
R Kl K+U
H0u H,0q)
CN-E= 6-4-2
NH, NH4 , C,AL0, Hg0,
H,091,NH ty) , AHoH
R Electron ust ni tu
R NHaCl NH+C
Ra NH40H JH+ Ho
R NH +H,0 NH
Hot
Rs2H0 HsDOH
CN-E =8-5 -3
 ASSMA
Date
Page

xClaudiu Clapaxon Equaton

AH AHrs
dT T CV-Vs)
TCNa-V) Va-Va
Molo V1 k
Asote Tev pe, odue

tod'c, Spaali VA ol swader sttam axa l 1613c

ap Calcslate the dlaae n V.P o tu sustem by 1'
CAanin temp. lhe AHp oate in this tau ts
4054.23e
Sol Mola Vol1 de: lxi8:18x10e mol
Mola Vo ostead =1613x
18 =30114 x1oMmol
T=l00 +1 2 313k
AP = 40534.3
loo (3014-13)1D6
dP 00036 x 10 N
dP O.0036 x10
O13 25
dP 0.035 atm

Ea.2) Te NP o H,Ou d 45cioud tobe 63AL hat

would lbe He VP at t p 1oo LThe odat kaad ol vapourisuhm
m this aune o tep. Mau be takn a 40543Tual AH
So T, 95+2i3="368kT:213+100- 313k P634

n_P 40513 {313=369

634 8314 313x 363
P2 154 8mm.
 Spei Va
Ea 3) 1-o0olce HOc)H,Ou ad o'c au .oq01
iuud woud be chauqt M:P ol ice
D ad incuase o pua }
AHao a 6ooa Sol
Sol Moln vol al H,0s) = 12x 1:o401x10anl
Moln vol o HOuy 1 x 1:0001x 1 o s ol
AH Gtee4 GO01. Sol
T:0t213 213
L =6o09.9
dT 211.000- 1:0401) x18x 1o6 x10132S
dT 273x(-0-01o6)x1 x 106 x1o1325
6009-
O.001SK

Lotoo 1JRorid Syste

A.B Susmaiou Cone
B0 Vapoufsion Cone 2t

B Tple poi- 2
Fusiau wHve slope istema
-1

wayoM pHubduna a's.Tuis maans

i c e e ia pusbua iuctuases is MP.I
Solid Coz apid C0, Caa be îu enpaaton aauflbniomat
Veu gh pxuabuu.
V.Psolid Coz îs Ja ian e veu ad extanay low temp
L15'c . 3o iscalled dxu La.
 elassat

Liqui A Hdio Susl

Heluna s owly pusa SubsBauua
Ha Cau exat ia huoa d
sctop Liauid plhass
He cuita in hua Lauid
HeI LH1

ATple poiak 2-Tk

Salta He Li HeIe Lig He-
L-Tpk ptid
Wopam He we liy He:L li-He-R)

Te ixaia bdez HeILHe 1 in puue ovapauh He

is Kuna aa Lambda (TxahoaT txau Ha paidis
Kuaanab laada paf
Cunue Ab iscalled Lada Cuue
Li He i touáa Supa Lila Ok butasea
excbunlLo vissiy
KTW0 Copavaut Suslan
Fon hun LOnpavads syslo.plal ule becana, Ez4-P
Atax Landitiassoud Spiied to daibeaSyata But.
tau uaiabla c d toahaplk. So,uae"taka au a Ha cadtiau
Lotud Ans tts uually phusduza.
uduus pluae sle ni tua a Ez3-Paaa called a Radund
plasc sle
OM hD cDApLda Sald-liquid eubia e kave t cabe.
T ocompaxau coa isuble inluid siade
w o copausda co parthall i s ble in Lauil stale.
 u Case 4 we hade twae moL Cabtd
t u o o LDpovants ana wot misu ble u sold stde oMM a eutedfe
winurs
2) I tuo compomadts ohm aStuble compound wiM wAqwut mllinot.

h d o tomponuda umma Compound w a in coaqmvent malhiuq ot

TpeA3ple Euteckie Mitos

o
A15 au malHng poids a C
Copouds AL Buap
AC-za poin Cumua o
Mponuds A +S 1
CCiavadiet C
Cuteckicpai-d mulhuq 3lia A
A Solde
Axaa obove AC BC, compbats fulthit Eutehe
A&existaîn homoeuaus ooA 100/%
Lapid so(dfvusiud){F3-1=2) CDpos 1OA
M x
Copostau ad'a' is cooled acousta puMuta
tewp. tt, decuases Hhoud o duauq in ompositina. At t , 3ad A
3t t a to Sepeade oud aa oe cooliiuatu mo SalidA oma
Cnd Sol beLoma d n in
At b, Solid A u eapibi m uit Sol" oLoposikiou Z. A
o t Solid A_is in epii buiu a sol opasiiou
w h ewteckic tamp is uadhad ad dsolid B alao sBads to epeade
ovd.Sofd ABthin sol is puse tw, &o Hha capasikiau
Deuo abiand(f -bro) oa thn caoliagq SalidA&solid s
Cystulise Ou in ixed tadio So thai conposRfau o He sol" utains
Lowata iudicadesbyC) lop: alsa tamus constad
w h total sol solidiie uatkun codliaa owly Cause a tep
belo DO. Solia A LSotd B coexistLLop osition beuonus moalaus
 clas

Poiak c xapueuds Hc LiquA ab SaM copasi Hau cs tuas ol tlut

eutechcOn tneiug. uo Solid l l Sepude ou uil eutelic 1&np
fs MaadadAtutecic temp,bath hoLda custallase Suul touen a
Tap Copasitio Maua Cutud uil Stam qets completel
oludi ie
Cooli Cumve
ab
Sepakakau wet cueu stxded
Mapid cooling)
bad
Sepaxakan ol solA A Stded
a sles
coelian obsenucá)
A d, euteke paid fs aaud
So,Hp aMai couataut aloun dd
dil total auid dkanqu to solid
d'e caoli Bdous DD' .
* Lead Slven Sustem
PbkAq au conpledely nisdble
in Lgutd siade aua Me 61
Alo AC, Salid Pb L So(mlt)
Loexist olule aloa BC Liapia
Solid Aq l Sol" coezist a P'o
Phaaa. : F ' =3-2-1).
CEutezhic poi d soua P, Sotid ulid Ac
ad tec
Solid Aq Huin ult coexist
Euechic
F:3-3=0 & P:a). Eutezhc oo,Pb 9.0 Aa
tep fs 3o3'c copositia
oselid plkase is 2-6% Aq
 Calc

h Copostisw oPh 2 Aa ad 'a ?s headed u t so

hat ouly apts puise pbota mxlals enist u n cooled
alona nL ab. wn tua oRut b is aadud Pb beqin to
Cuustalise and ou ontu oolinq, SysBom shills adonq
Cude hC. Pb conhinius to Sepotate ouf îs Coustauty umove
by ubiuc ola
Mus, u anqeulietous lead widh mfq ata 0:1/, oAa,
wow contau up to 2.6% Aq HIl eadhud to LCeutcdki pt
spo as osusu o ilakiva popantiou o Aq is
Kuoon us Putius avis Pods

*Buth-Cad nion Sushni E'= 3-P)

Axua above Ac kBC cSakaius
AT
botA matas 3-12)
meld
Auabeloo AC cotaius Solid Bi 263
sol.f'3-4-1)
Axau belans BC cout uns
SolidCA L Sol l-3-2=1)
eutectie poid C, 40% C9 14
is Bond (F'-3-3-o Bi+uedhc Cd+eutcchic
Eutechi Hup.is 46'C.
Atea belouo eutechc point todain100 B
Solid Cd & Solidi ('¢':3-L1)
Lowy tenp. nas tolbe Spacalied).
 SMAL

Potusfom Lodida Lkladot Suste

Essenieahuxa ol Mis systm i
MP oLLis u taun Hu
eva t Citkl tump oac.
7AC-EbiouCuhur odak A
CSolulailih Cuue oL
ek talka a Omposi Hau
LpHIeated loy a.oM co0u
&uste dHhod daaug

o e iaolosar vedod st ima upostiou/skI)

O n unta caoliu, SysBem go albu cue bC. ALRLalsn&tard to
SoliddiaIa,Cis eute p La,galid kI LSol.
2Eutecdc oxuposikin ol Hais astm is u8 TaL 52 k I . Eutechic
t p is-L3.
oide H Loupogitau o sol &eLokn Suda solt iscoaled
lep. alls alouacC.wIHoud sepeuatia uto salids
Ou untt uonliuu estechic paud, lnp doesuk all ill total Sal galidilia
W i salid wixha ol suns Copnsiina ad ta outec hi p: is laated.
als ghcaply ad euteictomp.
Heua uxhoa ol Tca aud KL ad evtechic paid is uud as Cuauudrale.
uity hud o sall o otceic Solid isalust eaual to tu u
Values o hso SoliA.
 ASSMALe
Date

Page

* ziaq Mix huui

2Addihd o salk & to chushud ia prodwas a coudenabk all
S o m e Salt Lka KI Nad etc. added to ia o'C Soma
Salt dissalves wta wadenoMSalA hd poid, ia sol and
Salt cou ped. As Ho phass coenist
C
odyt cotesh poid
ha mona ice willmald & sald willL dissale, omposi Hhu yaties
alonq AC
MelhiA oliakdiksalutiouol salt ane aLompauied by ab Sonphin

Hhe Susteu is uoi îu Ha Landiau to aosoxa headom

SioLouudiuq îts tap. oilLlall.Tisall willcoui uue wuil
tu eutecic poiut is taachad as oua Ha Salox
la s uke
up nletaly
D Lowest femp. taat com be cdtcuad ia taa
Cxcea Salt iseutechic top pHaluca a
 lassmAte

Neusl DSAbabo tion Lau

7 u SoLwte is dissolved îa a y solueds wi dil denau onc

thun e t a i o o cL.asolote He hwal u is ousiamt.
C =
C
Kpohiou coelliud oh aista bu iau coide
is laso is valid wa ua candHovs cou ulliled
wuu he uslun was osalle issami baHa Salveda.
2 slaus is wot valid s u tw Solute cuMouiade o dissacdae ia
a sdved 2 doevd Seaond solvad
So, Nenst IDisie butiau Las oe staded a
Can
n a

Saute dfs tafbuta dsel oeddtan hwo iuuisii ble Saluads t a

exista. CAon Siilat moleulh Specia ata qiv
tep)
a coua uu ohio iuapecive o A total mdod b Soute
pa ive o uoleculn Spaues wluch way de pxudeut
Necessan ondiHaus

2Eniste o sia*lt molewl spue u tuuD phaes iu codad

with eda otuo
 Date

S AddPLfonal ondii ous

Salotious au diloBe.
uhually Set in d hioun conc
I depa tuus
t iq the come.,th ldtqen u devfahan.
eually, be Satuded t 3aute
u exiame.Cos, Solveds may
h, Ko .

iu twa
we, S, S c a SowbiliHes dA Solute
solveds lyas
T i s e is ouly Valfd wn Si & S2 coa uot loye
ie, ta Solwte fs spaduny Solsble iu eadk Solvat

2) wo liquida o wtuallu imuisuble o veu Spahu

Solwle An wiscbilit suould uot be alteud lu
pusena Solote

KDesivaliauTuwo dynanitaly)
Solute A is phubeud Risidble salveuds 122 in
Codact w?th euch stue dhami pateukd salute inl
s u 2is Ua.
W two pluases a iu eqpiubuum u chuia
potetiad will be egp

, U
u = U+ RTna
, Ut RT Lna
: +RT naz
 classmate

U RTLau, J RI La
RI a.la) -
At Cousdaud temp L u cotad
Kis alaa Lond td
1 Loustaud La coustaut top
Si tu Sal isdilole Haa belkawe idtallu ollouas Heu
Lau acc 0 udlid acivih pha patiauna ho uole uukinu,
C Conbtaut
AL
K
Heu Dudad
=Ccoustad ,L. cu ule achiau

Sin Sol s diwte

Lwustad
C

Hea oud tomd

C

Asso.cioioa o Soluhnu u oua oth seluada

Nodung
AssoATou
Louc22
x=K.LCx.j
ostoud x x ] 0
 Sol exsta lquly o asoiaded dlewla. s i h fs
e expt a lau au Haub Cout ol 8ouaee nolewlea
C m be tad u CL,Tota Leoi:e.

LxCoutaudx C
Sinu tu disibibutianlaw is valid Dudy an Conc a
Silatt udlewla Spee a hdo phau
COustud

C Coustamd Ka

EL bzpeimauds in tu shady o ditbutian ol pkauel beldan dade

Qand cldoxolabum qave Hhu uaults.
Lon. ol a son(c) O-034 0163 0:154046
LoncCHu, Soi(c) 0254 0 16 O1-350 S.430
Lolad 'coucdaion tan be dtaudn am Hhae HASlts couLin ta
clewlat ondihiou al pluol doxalonn Soltian
ol Pluel ia cldauolohn etun praut ad ucMl a aa asciaded nualeule
FOx chua uwoleiwle. shoud be couata
C

Fon asociated molewle.C shovld be Louatad

Valses ol invadios Cahtà aa,

0 1 4 -0-12S5; 0.163 O364; 0.254 0:1961

O-254 16 V-150
43 O:131
s.430
 SSMALe

Date
Page

A aiy Cowataud value ol_ Sauss taad plhual cxsts a daulle

molewles ia CHU TCL

*Dssodahau ol solute in Da o tu Solueuds

XA+B Phe L
CLC-) C Nodicotiahio
.Ko C Nalid ou on PAa
CLC-) Siila molewla Speut ssod hon

Solwte enukeus iud camical ombuaion wAHh oaHa Salvauta.

Tue is wo cauge in tu uudamautd

quaioa o dksh buhion las
X+sXs
ConcC2

Epplcahious
OShudu Assoiade o aSolote
Tasalute ossoci dex ia oa al Ha Soluads în wudhita conc.is C2
o
but uotiu t r otn iu dida its LouC is C, t n
C
C
wo o Simple wole cwles uch Coaloina tolot Oua_cbociade
wolecule
 Date

tu d o dissodate o a solute-
a Sowfe dissoiase n ous Hs Solveuts ia wRn u COnc
C bud uol a othut in i d a ?la conc. is C than

C
C2C1-x)

s tbutian dicchoxs
odkua distibutes mska in CS Solveud han Ho. Tu ou
examslydwte Sol" o iodis Lau lbe Succayuly i l e l lau
Caddinq iu CS2

Study o CDplex iou

Cxwple Cwlde Hhe dissoctafan coutaud o kT ou t u llosi
dada: 3 q DI, ueu shukun upwith oua t n o CS
1tt o kI solu wator toataini uq1.92q al KL.
3561 T waound to lbe past nLSL loyen
u Ko :
410 iulwDUH OCS

Ketz

Ac to uat dis tibuiou law,

Ko H

LJes.
 ASSMALe
Date
Page

es:3561
254
=0.1405 wol du
uo_0.140S 0.0oo0343 oldu

otal A bcomhimd RodiaA a : loe (31.3-35-61

213
qmd3
213o.bDR326 wal duS
254
C.
iodiua ia aqlcyen: 0.00.0343 ol da-
Loulaid iolina ia aq lauso ô:o0826-O 000343
E0.00d043 mol du
Stna nDlan LoL. oL2 La ure Sams uuuu
LOL ORl iu ug luen O.002043 o l da_
Lotal coui KL a ay. lue: 142 0.04175 ww d«d
66

c u kIonT laaylay (o.0 4115-0-002o4

J
0.0391 uol du

[Li o.03411 X0.000343

O.008o43
0.00 169 wol du
 clsSMA
Late
Foge

5)Solved Exdxaukisn
Mast ipontaud we s dslibofou law fs eatnachion.
i ' s law s ed ah aumoval o dissolued chaauic SubslauuA
DM asol"ta Salveuts ki C4H,ehn, CHd3,
CCu, ec.Tu aduautaqus talk în enirachian is tu At
ha Ko ooanic solvads is quutaly igu

Sama piuúple is ubed 1atkis Pxowa

to 2ooCMoltem
Axqeuti leuous leael is malted &uded
Z s added .Maltn Ph AMoltn 2 belkae a two
Misble quids iu coutad L He lbehavead solute l i d
iswea Salslle a Z tha Ph.Ko beinq o He tet cndert
00 at 2oo'C Aq easiu pasdes toliehei alten lu laqu
e a v i e Plo laui
peain4 ths paLDas, thraa to ouxtis, adnuasl uhe
Cumaudo A pasa ito Zalaun Tis istallel as
disilvesushau o Pb

|Let Vd sol Coatainiuq hdam oSalute ba upatel

extuucted'ia Vl auatun salat slih 's Ratisibe
wit t Snat. led be Hu Mas o salute Hhal amains
UMextuted at tu euo a a t opaAation.Iu
Ko W.[y
(w-wl

Unex
uated.
 elasSMAte
Date
Page

w2 W Ko V
KoV
wKoV
euual amouu umextnauted o emd o epAHahioub.

(KoV +U)
Mx- told vol oexnaias igut avai lable.
e a u u oxtaaskidn iucuses by iacuaiuq uoottAahiou.
i.è. ubu takinq Suull cududSafveut eudh tima

eq Ko o beuwean Cl LHO is 5 inlavouh a CU4Cadculade

Volwmd a CC Suauinad Jon 15% extachau a T |n l 0 0 a
ag Sol u gianle sBagi extucion.
85

LJcu
l q Hs ezttacto 4 5 a L2,5?% tamain uuexdnated

KoV0
Heu, M=, wa-5 W100 -10od, Ko = L
35

5
00

= 22 35