UtZ

Closscatfoo and Compactap o Se

l dass oo
ASofl classiticotion Bystem
S an asOan
soil goteps havi
odiestert sofls unto
&imilas pavpeoties.
<5 clay 8ilt
4 5 <45m Seurel

Gravel

foe e (Cocsseoe Coosse

Sand oraved3
asalnsizé lasecaTon Scales Ts:lA46-140
Tedice Size Disubectieo Cauwe Psod
00

Soil-DCatclay
)
9ol-Cpadd
Pavct ica sze(mm)
Sotl- adol
serd

70

60
50
40
goi-A 801-5
30

6-0D2 0-0040 o

oovel
CAay Sand
Diamet Dnm)
 ove A - oell qrecd eol ser(eed sueprye3end acdio na
cll-pe pasctfcde)
ve B- unitosluy gatad.acd oil mos ohe
pasdcle csce n Same si2e
(LVEC ocll gadud Saro

Cotve E- g4P qptad id seit (Some freleem edPade

pasctfee a e mgin

analys Sieve
The Sesults mechotni coll oy
uwT4h a puco.ndag
asploted to get a De
8i2es
nee N) eu a ovdinate S pasctide
a s alb_Eiesa
the 'dsa.mete oy Size beinaq

Plotted on a egaclhmic Scale

ton CuNe gfves
g?2e dist
The Pasdticle sdil
idsa abeut fyPe adad
fon o
the hugneup
The cuotve gituacteol
e i l Yhile
9eprye sents Roe grain
toet
situctd
sught-psents oc cocts
cueve
a
Sol sample may be -eho
gaan Sorl. A
adeol
uwel gsedeol 0sy poooly
hen hnas
gsaded
a Said to be allszes
sze3
A Sof Pasdictis e all
supresenda4fon
qood
poorly godabl; i t hos
saidto be
a
ASefl
pastitde dacêrenciy
tstain
an exces o
about Sare
TaSoil has most otthe pasdules,o
Sofl,
called unfformly apadod
size sot
A epreerds cull godad
Thus in satl c u n o s m y p c c o s d gal
e p r e s n t s
w l t sofl B p ieands a
sot
o posutt on
A Ostre uth a g 2 e pesciles au
missina
PatecroeotU
c huch
gaP gaded o Skip gpadad sofl
Call as
 Ed adintiticadPan 4ipe garngd o r
Dy Strenath t s t

Shakinq test /DflatanCytest

3Plastfcty tes
4Dfspescfar test

*Plasticfty Chasct
H
L
GO
WA50
50
=043(WL
20
CH
Afne
35
CI

20 M O OH

LML ML OT
20 30 40 50 60 10 3 0 q 0 100
o
Lgud mu

Llouo plosticty oL 3S7

TTtstniadiota bstidty 35.4o
tu plosticity So
Bosedos COLSe3 CL-GI
Te
Ct-Mt O

tched pond M CL
The dolloumq dcla Sample o&oTo.
lassi -the Coil accoslena -to TS closs icatfos

P a s f n a 445 n m Sieve 6 4
Sreve 8
7 pasing5 =

CL
Ce2
CO 3o

Tp 3o-L4 =13 7
4.45 om)=:100
-

6 36
otnavels C
Sandl64-g 567 SlHlcloy87

The qien &o clauy 8ord,

Sano A Sandl BHS S6

Sana
Lw qas Sand|
Ca-2

Basl On pl Cust?

So Ca
 ctassiy Sell as
per T ctaulallon,
paisivq 4-15 mm sfeve 167.
52.
%pasiq 5 L ieve
coL 407 6
4-smm)
o-46 4/, mavel
5 #54) 1652 44
Aand (4.tS me
&ftclay (15) 52
c Ip
feerq plasti cfty chart Consiclaocusrq
uaet ue feund that abeve stlt/cloA
t &ftwith ntestmeliate PlasticitY

Thsusulls eAaberotcustytestconoluueleol on &

A0
as ollows. claerhytAof aspe-the Ts
Passin DO 30 P| Wp
5 41Sm
So?
sotL A5 oO 58 4
SofLe
o 14 033 1o 16

P a v i n a 4AS, mm sfeve 007,

passir 5 efeve 5

p14 44

Banol '2A.*5mm>150)= 100-+5 5 / .

cloysilE=5
mom ploticity chast we get cloy uith 18°
plasticrty
gott B Gravel to0-92 9
8and y 92- 14 +87
8(Jay 147

Cu 60
DO +-1
SW
C D30 0%.
DKDGo

room pasticity chasut he 8eil do

cloy

wf-th louo plasidhy c )

etfven oil clayey Sanol

poopefS
4 Clas the gotl, with ollousing
classicocfoo.
IS
accondiq to 607
= lo7. 7 Passing 4-TSmm
L407 Ip
feve 47
. passina 75

Gtravel >1o0-60 407

= iS
60-4s
Sand
8?ltlo 4 5 7
Sofl 8
plasttcity chat
the aive
om plastidty (r.
Pth irtismdiote
sPt

t sa A
0

p IS dastatioo
5 Class
Pas Passisg
4-75 mm
A A5 100 51

55 to 85
 SoR A Gvavel o

Sanol lo o 5 41
C 5 Tp29
sft/cdlay597
The iven Soil i clay wih Inteemaarate (cn

Soil6 Groel-o
Sand to0-s5 S(
e 5S Ip1S
S/.

The gfven sofl2 silf wthgh plastiüty C

agfve, Soil the dollocwinq Propesties

ase
a
noen.Claskity he Sorl as pol IS dlostffcation

-pasi 415mm=#97. 7pasirg 5 30

cw33Z Cp27.
G1vavel lOoHo30

&and -3o-407,
stltltla 30.
P 33-2
The, gie Soil3 elay ut loto plosticity c

Cossty the Sol aspe TS sta.ndascol

passin Geravel Sond
75
A50 O

&0
0.
a01 Tp = A S o - S o -4O0
&torcavelo

The given Soil dlY OTth HUh post7c7ty

8oLB I= S4-20 L4
&ravel o
ianol-`0

The 9Yvao So has GL-CI

L
6 0

So

CH

oALne
.43(wL-
4

MH
MI

ME

Q0 30 So 60 20
 a61263)
CoPacto0
The Process by tohfch the Bo1 paticth
aSLe asuttfcually peassanqed and pacR.eal tog dh
into N
a
close stacte o cortact by mechari col me
Rccl meg

Th procass pascticles
opaceing the soil b
Seducinq -the av votd nthe Soil b mckor
meanS
*The
scfentis tPoocos n 1933 aund -hü md

Sa S ere ulA
tCO t mty mas

m 3 m -w

, mocuol +out Sofl

Standasd Prodo Tet. aMlodiied Pyodoru

*Culfrdsucol moulel lfrdotcal mould
Raummi wt-.5 Ka PeLmmn Awt-4.5 K
D-30cro D-4Sch

5Layes
&5tmu 25 blooS
Used n uaht tompaction veed fa +avy Coms
*Ths fsgfen dorThi s qodhmdi
anol aren by AASHO

61
R tt
The folloo?nq 9estults
cbtainsd rom Stardasd
wne

Proctotest.Detesemtne he opllm moistw Condrt &

ma dloay dlunsity.raw zeeno alvOid CLSIVe defesmine
Deqmee of satutadfon and . a v o d s at max.dansPty.

Take = 7 AH 0aiovoid

co(4 S, (KM/h3)
Sa S S &oln)
1+O
(KN/A)
5 t6 23.31
10 19.8 20.9

14 21 .42 .20

20 21.4 g.08
25 215 2 5.8

Sd18.4 KN/m3 w w Se

w 4°/. Ie

844
a?
+e S 0.36 -26°/.

S-? . ' e - O 4-4

Ta eCl-5) 0 44-1-0 86)
1 +e +0.44

4.
DATE
tandasdP'soto (Ompa dton tv,t oa
on a o urth .85.ol lousfra
conductrol
o b t a i m e d e s t . D t m u nd op1fmu
e , ult:s w
zNO abuvoto
m mo Tistwre c o t t e n . D r w
Jine & lo/, ainVoid Jine. hoto &peinen
caltloctfong - h i ,
ivs

COntent
(RN/F)KN/)zo 1O/. ain
a t void vold
C)
6.440 21-95 1 35
6
2 )23 9 66
2.5 9-6 2 20.61 18 23
14-020-45|1-93 .48 143
&1.0
13.0 20 161
16 0 6.02

L . 0 2 0 .5 4 . 3 4 iB.44
19.5 20-1 6,2 .4715 5

I8 = 16.42
+0.0aG

Sa- S 1+CO 10.1

S &fo C1-n
I+O:

3.85(9.8D) 1 9 5 . KN/
o.o962.3S
285(1.8D() 21-22 Kn/
 S107. = GSona-1)
S 09

2.35 (1.3)(01-1) 19.35

(o.o96 (25)
O.9

3/12120%
3/12203

in
aTEtolleuing data have been cbtained
a

Std prodtos est. The Speci gvity a , the

(ontaine 944 C volume itr ot is
dtscmin
Ceeve{
19.13 N. Plot h e compaction

omc, also Compute the voids xatio & digce

Batusatioo a omc.

wat codentot ot centaïnase30 comptes

-a13
944
) cempacted Soil
CN
O.016-k
G.2
5. 02 35. 0o185 8.5
.52
8-8) 34.3 o . c 2 0 6 - 6

39.32
.54
L25
O-0214

40. 0 20.22
3.05
40.01 20 29 o 2141
t4 0

3.0 0 0204
925 1.29
3 en data, &=».71 3

Sod vw
1+e .44x9-8)

e= O.4-3

w n Se
S ol3 ).44=33-+°/.
O.43
DATE: DOOO
 Sa S
t6-09
1.002
8.52

8.93

-114

abematory co'mpa chfo0 test on Soid having

a

S.tn 2.68 aave a ma. dansty 1-82

aund watta Cortent e{ D t o m i n e h e
o

aiuvoids
daause o Aotuseodion, aiionknt,
bethioyotial
maa
doy elerty n a t usould
.

a
dans?ty casusPondina to 2es
ma douy
votds ed Ome
Cw= I 4 5.-268
SE182 g°/cm

.921D3 1555.55
So

.6& x 1O
+e

e O4+2

S co& o.14X2.68 9.445

e 0.412
S=4.57.
Qgl0094-5 5,5
DATE:
 Onit 15/1-1202
cteoeminedion Coeiied o pouniabit)
(cm/sec)
Congtant heed qest
4Loubo3t0-tasy metbods -

FalUing nasiable htad

Freld methocls PumPin in tesE

Pumprrg ut tes
3Tndirect method. Co mputa ion
2e
m aain

ttozortod copfilas
est

Compuctatiod

f Conso idatTontestolaNa
Conatarnt hiu ctinoc Ha0
Aht

K=.3 a Joq h Senid

Pouseplat
At

I atotal qusenity of low in a-tim îrtoiva

m dasucss Jou KA
KA

2 ousin ow
The hydsolic goaolfen
dample anat
, losrge
0 huaol [h/
iasulio by
Junth
the nad ogt ov
a

pfezomctetuo e
tA

Abt
 Q o s Tot quanuty olous oy dischos. ho
A e s s gectional ok Samplt
L
Lergth o-the Sannple
hudoauulic dadsent given y b/L

Vosiable Fallng head mchod

h h, be huaos at umt intiovas t , t
and h be Hhe hiaol at oany intvmaduate Yene (t

-20 Cm
From datcys auw
TA
So C
V y=dh. a
dt
aV
A a
-d.

KA d=-dh
La

Thteiote he ea
h2

KAdt
aL
h

t ) = 2.303 og
aL
. 303 l o
At

w huea s asiao o Standpipe head

L ngth o Sample h -rital
nuad
A dample b2 a l
 6/12/
A6ol ample 0Ccm in oxesgs,gectionak a9.o 1O

Aon teg-led ps rpeoeriabitby Cote-hiadl

vasuialse
medhocl The stand pfpe os corose sedionol asuaa o
Ic head dotops So Crm to 1ocm n 6mio
0-ecs Calclate coeicert o pumiab7
ptmiabY Uty
0tu

200m L 1Ocm a= lcm2

h30cm ha10cm t6 min 20sec 3%08ec.

2.8o3 Angug,
.B 3 xtO
ROx38o

4-4ato onD/sec

lun 0n a
aCantant heo.d pmuale?t y tegt was

Sond Sample t6cm n lngth Gocm n s aaa,

POrOSty uoos 407. uunoe o Constand heod ok

30Cm The dischasge was qovnol to loe 4-5cm in
Bec.Caloulat coettfdent o suniabiUty
dichasge velocty 8upag elocty
L 16c A-60c n:40(. b30cm
45c taisec

45x16
Aht 60XBo x8

K o.0 22 C / Sec.

V k o.aax 6 )
0 - 0 4 1 m (Sec
 eepeqe veloctt e 0 1 O.lo3e

3A cenbtant head peuntiabflity tet is caoiaol

(en Q
cutndoical sampte e sat) 10cm dtanes
cmAdaht, t60 cmoclest uxns conlleste
n 5 mis trdt a he ad at 30 em
Campu
thecoet kiefen t opeumtabr tfty n / ta
and vele city olo nsec
L L 1cm LOCm Gocm t-1.25mi
h 30cm (oSecs
5
ATD 85A cm
tOt
3.32xIO
t60 Xo)x 15x16 3061.5
ht 2

.54 oxBoxo x3.to8716

K L = l60 X5
Abt 7854 xBo xto5
0.00 cm/sec

K 3o6om/yeos

0.004X O.o18 Cmlsec.

V Ki

S a n o &armple o 35r c/s asto 20 cm

tuas tested in a constant hootol peemfamnctt
unde a hias 4 G0 Cm, the dischosLge usas 120m

n 6 mtn
The dsu mas o&and usol or
thetest wa LI0ams anl 6pecf gayityt
a.68.Detaremine the cocttfcent epemiabii
digeharge velo uty upa velocrty
 A 35 Cm L=20cmh-60omt6min
La0 m 3 8.&n 2.68 Md1120 860Sec

K= = O X20 0.0031 C/sec

Ant 35 X60 x 360
V KT o.00311xb 9-5Ix10 cSec

m
L 1120 1 2
AX 35K20

e G
N
e 2. G2 x.e 5.431

5. 48 o.989
e
1-+e +15.49
1+5.443
61O
daupae velecity Vs=V o.139

Peemiabfty &tratilfe Sof

bstretiua b t h e deposTtfon o
Sofls mayb o h i t h pos6e
t m o t e e l s in ayeses
dTtesan charoucliss
t c s . In
p e u r i o k i Lity a
dffeant
dusireol to hove
8tratilted 0t T in o
homzortal
uch lity h e
pecnoler
avsoge

Pstmiabf Ufty aluatad

K c o e f f u e n t peumuabilty
ondfvfdual data
K ,K2 K3

coTrespondin
Thckws o
Z12223 Z
data
 Rloo 0 hozontol disutionPavallel to dorl n
bed
.

Z1

Ka

omdoscy slaw -Ko

KiA K? Cz.1)
iz
- 1 + tVst.
Kiz K, z t R2í22+. +KolzZ
K2t2t KZ

K KZ+ KatKat +Krz

shen Low n a he2ortal dietiong -the
y douolic guadfet C) remains Coanst or all
the Jayes

Kaveuge coetianttePmiabflty pasallel

ohe efl bed

flow in Vsdu co dioutio (1to-the sofl be

When to ig n vstcal dioetioo thehydraua
gpadient 0r ach Joysi t e difesertt sh
as the velocty louHos emosng Const.
 V

KrA
Ki=V = Kh

b h+h2t h3+ no
.Vzo
+ K
Ko

23+

Z
K + . .- -

+
Coifent n
niobfLty
vEsdti calN disuedion.

ufcR Srnd indlPtibn /puad lo

poessuoes
sponsfble o
The SeePage
ushon ow
PhonomonwD
noon as quck Sanol
upuwasko dedton r
takes place p ar
duuceol SeePaqge
Seepage Presu i
due
tPrsuse
r e sill b e a u a

to&ubmasiotd oight ar,the etfectve

to 22910
Prosue reoluLeol
 n Ach coas-the co h e o n liss Scond 9
all tsShea stvenqlh and oil paoctfclas, hane
tendenc meve up in directfon o loo,
Th punsmtnan o tine p il Paset
called gufch condD oy duick Sand Cond
0ybelina Cond

Dusinq quick sand cond

2-P

Ps zv
izvw zr

22
12
Flownet
Aounet , a ntw0stR o o nes and eauipotedhal
Unus intgeting otsutht angles to each olhet.
Flow nt a gupkical suprreserJalion olowrd
and Compsises a damdy o o un ond equi pohen
a l lina. Flow nd technaue s a aaphical mdthd

uhch Sbis t s loplace eauntinn

Laplate
Tt Says hat chonqe ogaolhent iothe
-dedts Change o aalierH Z-dvecdion
20. The sol2 ohis aqves aamily o
CuvS meattng a9 angus to each othen
h