MODULE 4

Shock

Shock 8) Anaphylaxis;
➢ It is a depressed condition of many body 9) Starvation and disease.
functions due to the failure of enough blood to
circulate throughout the body following Factors which contribute to Shock
serious injury. P – Pain;
➢ Basic Causes: R – Rough Handling;
1) Blood Vessels Dilate | causes: I – Improper Transfer;
Infection, drug overdose (narcotic), C – Continuous Bleeding;
spinal cord injury; E – Exposure to extreme cold and excessive
heat;
F – Fatigue.

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

➢ Early Stage:
1) Face – pale or cyanotic in color;
2) Skin – cold and clammy;
3) Breathing – irregular;
4) Pulse – rapid and weak;
2) Pump Failure | causes: Heart attack,
5) Nausea and vomiting;
trauma to heart;
6) Weakness;
7) Thirsty.
➢ Late Stage. If the condition deteriorates,
victim may become:
1) Apathetic or relatively unresponsive;
2) Sunken eyes with vacant expression;
3) Dilated pupils;
4) Congested blood vessels (mottled
appearances);
3) Hypovolemia | causes: Trauma to 5) Low level blood pressure;
vessels or tissues. 6) Body temperature falls;
7) Unconsciousness may occur.

Objectives:
➢ To improve circulation of the blood;
➢ To ensure an adequate supply of oxygen;
➢ To maintain normal body temperature.

First Aid and Preventive Management of Shock

1) Proper Body Position.
Dangers of Shock
1) Lead to death;
2) Predisposes body to infection;
3) Lead to loss of body part.

Causes
1) Severe bleeding;
2) Crushing injury;
3) Infection;
4) Heart attack;
5) Perforation;
6) Shell bomb and bullet wound;
7) Rupture of tubal pregnancies;
2) Proper Body Heat.

3) Proper Transfer.