Introduction to First Aid Characteristics of a Good First Aider

First Aid
An immediate help provided to a sick Communication Skills
or injured person until professional The Ability to Work Under
medical help arrives or becomes Pressure
available. Initiative and Leadership
The Ability to Work in a Team
Positivity
Objectives of First Aid Gentle
1. Preserve life. Resourceful
2. Prevent the escalation of the Observant
illness or injury Tactful
3. Seek immediate medical Emphatic
help. Respectful
4. Provide reassurance.

Hindrances in Giving First Aid

Legal Concerns 1. Unfavorable
1. Consent surroundings
2. Duty to Act 2. The presence of crowds
3. Standard of Care 3. Pressure from victim or relatives
4. Negligence
5. Abandonment
6. Confidentiality Disease Transmission
Infectious diseases are those that
can spread from one person to
First Aider’s Responsibilities another through the following ways:
• Assess the situation quickly and ❑ Direct Contact
calmly ❑ Indirect Contact
• Comfort, reassure, stay calm and ❑ Airborne Transmission
take charge. ❑ Vector Transmission
• Protect yourself and the casualty
from any danger
• Prevent infection between you and Prevention and Protection
them. Body Substance Isolation (BSI) -
• Assess the casualty. are precautions taken to isolate or
• Give first aid treatment prevent
• Arrange for the right kind of help. risk of exposure from any type of body
substance.
Basic Precautions & Practices
● Personal Hygiene
● Protective Equipment SHOCK
● Equipment Cleaning and Disinfecting
A condition in which the circulatory
system fails to deliver enough oxygen
First Aid Equipment and Supplies – rich blood to the body tissues and
vital organs.
First Aid Basic
Equipment
❖ Spine Board Dangers of Shock
❖ Short / Kendrick’s Extrication
Lead to death
Device Predisposes body infection
❖ Sets of Splints Lead to loss of body parts
❖ Poles
❖ Blankets
Causes of Shock
Spine Board
Kendrick’s Extrication 1. Severe bleeding
Device 2. Crushing injury
3. Infection
4. Heart attack
Basic First Aid Kit Contents 5. Perforation
• Rubbing alcohol 6. Shell bomb and bullet wound
• Gloves 7. Rupture of tubal pregnancies
• Povidone iodine 8. Anaphylaxis
• Scissors 9. Starvation and disease
• Cotton
• Forceps
• Gauze pads Types of Shock
• Triangular Bandage
Hypovolaemic
• Tongue depressor
- meaning not enough blood volume
• Elastic roller bandage
Cardiogenic
• Penlight
- caused when the heart cannot
• Occlusive dressing
effectively pump blood around the body.
• Band aid
Neurogenic
- injury to a person’s spine may damage
Cloth Materials the nerves that control the diameter
Commonly Used in First Aid (width) of blood vessels.
1. Dressing - any sterile cloth material Septic
used to cover the wound. - an infection makes the blood vessels
2.Bandage - any cloth material sterile dilate, which drops blood pressure
or not, used to hold the dressing in Anaphylactic
place. - a severe allergic reaction causes blood
vessels to dilate, which results in low
blood pressure FIRST Aid and Preventive
Obstructive Management for Shock
- blood flow is stopped
Endocrine
- in a critically ill person PROPER
Posture
Heat
Anaphylaxis Transfer
Angioedema of the face such that the
boy is unable to open his eyes. This
reaction was caused by an allergen WOUND
exposure. is a break in the continuity of a tissue of
the body either internal or external

Signs and Symptoms of Shock Two classifications of WOUND

1. Face-pale - Close Wound

2. Skin-cold and - Open Wound
clammy
3. Breathing-irregular
4. Pulse-rapid and weak 1. Closed wound
5. Nausea and vomiting Causes:
6. Weakness •Blunt objects result in contusion
7. Thirsty or bruises
•Application of external forces

Objectives of First Aid for Shock Signs and Symptoms of Closed

Wound
Improve circulation of blood. Ensure an ✔ Pain &Tenderness
adequate supply of oxygen. Maintain
✔ Swelling
normal body temperature.
✔ Discoloration
✔ Hematoma
First Aid Management for Shock ✔ Uncontrolled
restlessness
1. Make the person lie down.
✔ Thirst
2. Control any external bleeding.
3. Legs may be raised 6 to 12 inches. ✔ Symptoms of shock
4. Help the person maintain normal ✔ Vomitting or
body temperature. cough-up blood
5. Do not give the person anything to ✔ Passage of blood in
eat or drink. the urine or feces
6. Reassure the person every so often. ✔ Sign of blood along mouth, nose and
 First Aid Management for
ear Open Wound With Severe Bleeding
C- Control Bleeding
C- Cover the wound
First Aid Management for Closed
C- Care for shock
Wound
C- Call or refer to physician
I Ice application
C Compression
E Elevation First Aid Management
S Splinting
Wound With Bleeding Not Severe
(Home Care)
2. Open wound ■ Clean the wound with soap and water.
■ Apply mild antiseptics.
■ Cover wound with dressing and
Classifications of Open Wound bandage.

Dangers of Open Wound

■ Hemorrhage
■ Infection
■ Shock