EFECTOS NEGATIVOS DEL TABACO EN LA SALUD BUCODENTAL

Para realizar la búsqueda del tema seleccionado, hemos utilizado la herramienta “Pubmed”,
la cual nos ha ayudado a conseguir artículos relacionados con el campo de estudio en el cual
vamos a investigar. Las palabras claves que hemos utilizado en esta herramienta fueron : smoking/
maxilar/ bone/ loss ( 2,279 resultados en 228 paginas) causes y los filtros de búsqueda han sido
“clinical trial”, y un margen de 20 años atrás.

ABSTRACT
• BACKGROUND

Tobacco is today the single most preventable cause of death, being associated with
countless diseases, including cancer and neurological cadiovascular and respiratory
diases. Smoking also brings negative consequences to oral health. The present review
aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking on dental health.

• OBJECTIVES

Demonstrate the negative effect of tobacco on oral tissues and replacement methods of
missing teeth.

• METHODS

The first study seeks to demonstrate the negative effect of tobacco on caries. This
study included a group of control rats, and another group of rats who were given
experimental dental caries in maxillary molars. Both groups on a cariogenic diet and high
in sucrose water. For 30 days, these rats were intermittently exposed to tobacco smoke.
The maxillary molars of the rats were harvested on the 31st. (1)

The second study we're talking about is a review, including 292 publications on the
negative effects of smoking on dental implant failure rates. The meta-analyses from the
three databases give us the odds ratio. A total of 35511 and 114 597 implants were placed
on smokers and nonsmokers, respectively. (2)

In the third article, it talks about the term "peri-implantitis" is used to describe the
formation of deep mucosal pockets around dental implants, inflammation of the periimplant
mucosa, and increase of bone loss peri-implant bone.It has been speculated that
when left untreated, peri-implantitis can result in implant failure. The study was carried
out with 107 patients who were smokers with a total of 366 implants and 314 patients nonsmokers
with a total of 1000 implants. The following variants were taken into account:
follow-up period, patient age, implant location, and previous partial dentures. (3)

The fourth article present study included 272 current smokers, 714 ex-smokers and
477 non-smokers and want to investigate intraoral distribution of periodontal disease in
Thai men over 50 years of age. The relationship between smoking exposure or duration of
smoking cessation and periodontal conditions was examined using a linear trend analysis. (4)
• RESULTS

Exposure to tobacco smoke has been shown to expand the area affected by tooth decay
in the rat’s maxillary molars.(1)

Implants placed in smokers present a 140.2% higher risk of failure than implants placed
in non-smokers.(2)

There was no significant difference in the group of smokers and that of nonsmokers.
However, the group of smokers showed a higher score in the bleeding index, the mean
peri-implant pocket depth, the degree of peri-implant mucosal inflammation, and
radiographically discernible bone resorption to the implant.(3)

Smokers had deeper pockets and attachment loss than non-smokers. The greatest
differences between smokers and non-smokers were observed in the maxillary posterior
palatal region. Among the current smokers, there was a trend towards an increase in
attachment loss with increasing smoking exposure in the maxillary posterior regions.
Among the ex-smokers, a better periodontal condition was observed.(4)

• CONCLUSION

Finally, we found a similarity between the studs, which shows us the impact of tobacco
through dental diseases. All effects were caused by long exposures to tobacco in patients and rats.
At the conclusion of this exposure accelerates the natural process of pathologies.
And so, in all four studies, there is a negative condition in the oral tissues of smokers caused by
prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke.

• REFERENCIAS

(1) Fujinami Y, Nakano K, Ueda O, Ara T, Hattori T, Kawakami T, Wang PL. Dental caries area
of rat molar expanded by cigarette smoke exposure. Caries Res. 2011;45(6):561-7. doi:
10.1159/000331926. Epub 2011 Nov 8. PMID: 22067411.

(2) Mustapha AD, Salame Z, Chrcanovic BR. Smoking and Dental Implants: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Dec 27;58(1):39. doi:
10.3390/medicina58010039. PMID: 35056347; PMCID: PMC8780868.

(3) Haas R, Haimböck W, Mailath G, Watzek G. The relationship of smoking on peri-implant

tissue: a retrospective study. J Prosthet Dent. 1996 Dec;76(6):592-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-
3913(96)90435-7. PMID: 8957783.

(4) Torrungruang K, Gongsakdi V, Laohaviraphab L, Likittanasombat K, Ratanachaiwong W.

Association between cigarette smoking and the intraoral distribution of periodontal
disease in Thai men over 50 years of age. J Investig Clin Dent. 2012 May;3(2):135-41. doi:
10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00105.x. Epub 2011 Nov 4. PMID: 22522950.

Andrea Peralta Mas, Eduardo Prado Mestre, David Rodríguez Ochoa.