▪ Pandit Nehru Proposed

▪ 22 Jan 1947
▪ Declare India as Sovereign Independent republic
▪ Territories Comprising British India and States and others will form Union
▪ Territories will remain autonomous apart from power vested in Union
▪ Power and Authority derived from People
▪ Guaranteed Rights
▪ Adequate Safeguards for Minorities , Backwards Tribals etc
▪ Integrity of Nation
▪ Promotion of Progress, peace and welfare of mankind
▪ WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to
all its citizens:
▪
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
▪
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
▪
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity,
and to promote among them all,
▪
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the
Nation;
▪
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this 26th day of November 1949, do HEREBY
ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
▪ Philosophy of Constitution
▪ Core Values
▪ Gives Objects constitution seeks to establish
▪ Promotes objects
▪ Aids in interpretation where language is ambiguous
▪ Appreciation of Aims and Aspirations
▪ Dictates Source from which Constitution derives its authority
▪ It is not gift by British
▪ Ordained by Indian people
▪ We, the people of India: It indicates the ultimate sovereignty of the people of India.
▪ Achieved through competent and represented Indians
▪ Determination of Power rests with People in This nation
▪ Independent Authority
▪ Not subject to control under any other power
▪ Power legislate on any subject
▪ Power derived from people
▪ Cased to remain as Dominion
▪ Head of State elected
▪ Monarchy ceased

▪ Member of Commonwealth as free association of Independent Nation

▪ This Declaration is Extra legal
▪ ‘Agreement by Free will to be terminated by free will’.
▪ Will of the people expressed in an election.
▪ Representative Democracy
▪ Democratic Not just from Political but in Social Angle as well
▪ Sovereignty exercised through parliament
▪ (No referendums , No Initiative by People?)
▪ Adult Franchise
▪ Accountability of council of ministers to legislature
▪ Added with 42nd amendment
▪ Striking feature of constitution through Fundamental Rights (Implicit to Explicit)
▪ Religions in India get equal respect
▪ Equal protection
▪ Equal support from the state
▪ Unity and fraternity to be achieved with Ideal of Secular state
▪ Striking Feature When all round India Countries were upholding State Religions
▪ Added with 42nd amendment
▪ Welfare State
▪ Closely entwined with Economic Justice
▪ ‘Poor people who wander about find no work no wages and starve, whose lives are
continual round of sore affliction and pinching poverty, cannot be proud of the
constitution or its law’ Dr. Radhakrishnan
▪ Equal opportunity
▪ Avadi Congress 1955
▪ Social Ownership
▪ Freedom
▪ Essential for free civilized and dignified Existence
▪ Enshrined in Fundamental Rights
▪ Thoughts
▪ Expression
▪ Belief
▪ Faith
▪ Worship
▪ Removal of Social Imbalances
▪ Harmonizing Society
▪ Without Discrimination (Reservation)

▪ No discrimination can be caused by people on the basis of their wealth

▪ Or income and economic status

▪ All the people have an equal

▪ Free and fair right without any discrimination to participate in political
opportunities. (Adult Franchise)
▪ Guaranteeing rights to each Individual
▪ Fundamental rights
▪ Equal before law
▪ No Special Status
▪ Given equal opportunities for everything without any discriminations
▪ Status
▪ Opportunity
▪ (Reservation)
▪ Brotherhood
▪ Nationalism
▪ Dignity of Individual
▪ Unity and Integrity of Nation
▪ Essential for survival of Nation