Hardware and Ironmongery Uses and Applications

Building Technology 1
Building Materials
WEEK 15: Hardware and Ironmongery

AR. KENNETH JARABE ROMAGOSA, UAP
COURSE FACILITATOR
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1
I. WHAT IS HARDWARE AND IRONMONGERY

II. EXAMPLES OF IRONMONGERY
III. ARCHITECTURAL IRONMONGERY USES
IV. APPLICATION
GROUP 2
BS-ARCHITECTURE 2
I. WHAT IS HARDWARE AND IRONMONGERY
Architectural ironmongery or architectural

hardware is a term used for the manufacture and
wholesale distribution of items made from iron, steel,
brass, aluminium or other metals, including plastics,
for use in all types of buildings.
Ironmongery is a general term which is applied

to builders hardware and includes such items as
nails, screws , boits, hinges, locks, window and door
fittings.
I.
NAILS
Nailing is the most basic and most commonly used

means of attaching members in wood frame construction.
Usually, nailing is used as a structural connection and

appearance is not a factor.
Exceptions to this are nails used for cladding, decking

and finish work, where care in the selection of the type of
nail can lead to enhanced appearance.
I.
TYPES OF NAILS
ROUND WIRE NAIL- This is used for general work. It is not

attractive in shape and it can split wood when hammered in
position
OVAL WIRE NAIL - This is a long nail and care must be

taken when it is hammered into the wood. It is unlikely to split
the wood.
I.
LOST HEAD NAIL - This is ideal if it is necessary to hide the

head of the nail as a punch can be used to hammer the
head beneath the surface level.
PANEL PIN - A very popular way of joining woods

although glue is usually included as part of the join.
TACK - Can be used for fixing textile materials to wood

for example, fixing upholstery to furniture.
I.
SPRIG - This no head and is generally used for fixing glass

to glass in wood frames.
ANNULAR NAIL The teeth of this nail hold it in place

firmly. Therefore, it is used for fixing plywood and other
materials.
HARDBOARD PIN- The diamond shaped head is hidden

when used in materials like hardboard.
I.
SCREWS
Screws rely on their threads to develop resistance to
withdrawal. Nails are faster to install but rely mainly on
friction to resist withdrawal. For this reason, designs should
ensure that nails are loaded laterally and that withdrawal
loads are kept to a minimum. Wood screws are usually used
for finishing rather than for structural framing.
Screws find some applications in structural framing as in

the case of floor sheathing which is glued and screwed to
the joists or the positive attachment of gypsum wallboard to
I.
support members.
They are higher in cost than nails because of the

machining required to make the thread and the head.
Screws are designed to be much better at resisting
withdrawal than nails.
SCREWS
I.
COUNTERSUNK SLOT HEAD: This can be used for general

woodworking for example fitting hinges to doors. Because
the screw is countersunk it can be tightened 'flush' to the
surface of the material.
I.
POZIDRIV HEAD: Used with special screw drivers which will

not slip when pressure is applied. This is ideal when using
screws in corners or confined spaces.
I.
ROUND HEAD SCREW: These are used for fixing pieces of

material together where countersunk holes are not being
used. Round head screws can look quite decorative
especially if they are made of brass.
I.
RAISED HEAD SCREW: Used to fit door handle plates and

decorative features that must look good.
I.
DOME HEAD SCREW: Can be used for fitting fixtures and

mirrors. The 'cap', which is the d shape is usually chromed or
mac brass and this can be a good feat also makes the
head of the screv the doom has no sharp edges to and cut
hands/fingers.
I.
CHIPBOARD SCREWS: The thread on this type of screw

extends all the way along the length. It is best used with
chipboard
I.
SELF-TAPPING SCREWS: These are normally used to cut a

thread in metal. A hole is drilled in the metal, a fraction
smaller than the width of the screw. The self-tapping screw is
then turned into the hole cutting a thread
I.
CAVITY FIXINGS
Various fixing devices are available for fixing components to

thin materials of low structural strength such as plasterboard
and hardboard.
Cavity fixings are designed to spread the load over a wide

area of the board.
Such fixings are :

I.
● Steel spring toggles

● Steel gravity toggles
● Rubber cavity fixings
Steel Spring Toggles
Available in small, medium and large. For fixing ceiling lights,
radiators and book shelves in plasterboard and lath and
plaster. Also suitable for general electrical fittings into
plasterboard, etc.
Spring -actuated wings open out when the toggle fixing has
been inserted through a hole in the board and spread out
on the reverse side of the board.Spring toggles are specially
suited to suspend fixtures from a ceiling.
I.
Steel Gravity Toggles
When inserted horizontally into a hole in the board , the long
end of the toggle drops and is pulled against the reverse
side of the board when the screw
is tightened.
I.
Rubber Cavity Fixings
A rubber , in which a nut is embedded is inserted
horizontally through a hole in board , the tightening of the
screw causing the sleeve to compress and grip the reverse
side of the board. This fixing device forms an airtight,
waterproof and vibration resistant fixing. Screw
I.
HINGES
Hinges are devices used to attach doors,windows and

gates to a frame,lining or post so that they are able to pivot
about one edge.
• Material used for

hinges are:
✓ Steel Brass
✓ Cast iron
I.
✓ Aluminium
✓ Nylon with metal pins.
TYPE OF HINGES
Steel butt hinges

Omes in a range of sizes from 13mm to 150mm and is
normally used for cabinet doors. They are very strong but
cannot be adjusted once they are fitted
I.
Rising Butt hinge

Used to make the door level rise as it opened to clear
carpets similar floor coverings. vel rise as it
The door will aslo act as a gravity self closing dorr when
fitted with these butts which are sometimes called skew butt
hinges.
I.
Steel Double flap butt hinge

Same as the butt hinge but made from two steel strips to
give extra strenght.
I.
Parliament Hinge
A butt hinge with a projecting knuckle and pin enabling the
door to swing through 180 degrees.
I.
Tee Hinge
used mainly for hanging matchboard (batten) doors where
the weight is distributed over a large area.
I.
Band and Hook

A stronger type of tee hinge made from wrought steel and
used for heavy doors and gates.
I.
Butterfly Hinge
This is often used on light-weight doors and different shapes
and patterns are available.
I.
Flush Hinge
This type of hinge does not require a recess to be cut. They
are not as strong as butt hinges but can be used for light-
weight doors and small box construction.
I.
Barrel Hinge
This comes in two parts. The threaded part of the hinge is
screwed into a pre-drilled hole. They are easy to fit and the
hinge can be dismantled.
I.
Concealed Hinge
These normally come in two sizes (25mm and 36mm. The
hinge is adjustable once fitted and is designed with chipboard.
I.
Continuous Hinge
This is a hinge that comes in different lengths and can be
bought in brass or steel. It is ideal where a long hinge is required
such as a desk top or a cupboard door. Small countersink
screws are normally used to fix it in position.
I.
LOCKS AND LATCHES
Lock is used for doors whereby you need a key to open it.
Latch is used for doors, whereby it is operated and opened

by using a lever or bar.Latches are used on lightweight
cupboard
Locks and latches are either fixed to face of the door with a
staple or keep fixed to the frame when they are termed rim
locks.
I.
Locks & Latches
If the locks and latches are fixed within the body of the
door,they are called mortice locks or latches.
Cylinder night latches are fitted to the stile of a door and

connecting bar withdraws the latch when the key is turned
I.
TYPES OF LOCK AND LATCH
Rim Locks
A rim lock is the oldest type of lock. It is a surface mount

lock that installs on the surface of a door and uses a latch
that slides into the keeper on the door rim or frame to
secure the door.
I.
TYPES OF LOCK AND LATCH
Mortice Lock and Latches
Mortice locks are very common and are usually attached

to a wooden door with a key being required to operate it.
This type of lock often sits flush within the door and is
constructed in a way where it allows for the mechanism to
be easily taken apart to be serviced and maintained.
I.
Night Latches
Commonly referred to as Yale Locks’, night latches are known

as secondary locks and are often found accompanying a
mortice lock. A night latch sits higher up on the door, around
shoulder height, and can automatically lock the door when it is
closed. The locking feature on this mechanism allows for the
latch within the lock to be locked internally so that the external
cylinder is rendered useless, offering a layer of protection.
I.
DOOR BOLTS
Door bolts are security devices fixed to the inside faces of

doors and consist of a slide or bolt operated by hand to
locate in a keep to the frame.
Two general patterns produced are :

● Tower bolt
● Barrel bolt
I.
TOWER BOLT
The bolt of a tower bolt is retained with staples or straps it is

also the cheapest from of tower bolt and stronger.
I.
BARREL BOLT
In a barrel bolt, it is completely enclosed along its length.

I.
CASEMENT WINDOW FURNITURE
In the casement window, there are two major parts

required for the opening of sash which are:
1. Fastener - is the security device

2. Stay- which holds the sash in the opened position.
I.
TWO MAJOR PARTS OF CASEMENT
Casement Fastener
Operate by the blade being secured in a mortice cut into
the frame or by the blade locating over a projecting wedge or
pin fixed to the frame.
I.
Casement stay
Can be obtained to hold the sash open in a number of set
positions by using a pin fixed to the frame and having a series
of locating holes in the stay or they can be fully adjustable by
the stay sliding through a screw down stop fixed to the frame.
I.
III. ARCHITECTURAL IRONMONGERYUSES
Architectural ironmongery serves two main purposes –

making a building more secure and accessible, and also
providing a consistent aesthetic throughout.
The hardware that architectural ironmongers supply for

this purpose include door handles, door closers, and more.
While at first it might seem that architectural ironmongery

provides the ‘finishing touches’ to a building, the hardware
should be a consideration early on in the process.
Deciding on the products needed, procuring them and

then installing and testing them can take a long time; this
I.
process normally uses an architectural ironmongery

schedule to make sure everything is documented correctly
and completed in a prompt fashion.
IV. APPLICATION
Ironmongery is perfect for creating reliable and secure door

handles which makes it ideal for both domestic and industrial
use. An ironmonger will be able to produce a range of door
accessories including everything from hinges, locks, handles
and door knockers, just like our range here at TBKS.
I.

Hardware and Ironmongery Uses and Applications

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Building Technology 1

WEEK 15: Hardware and Ironmongery

I. WHAT IS HARDWARE AND IRONMONGERY

Architectural ironmongery or architectural

Ironmongery is a general term which is applied

Nailing is the most basic and most commonly used

Usually, nailing is used as a structural connection and

Exceptions to this are nails used for cladding, decking

ROUND WIRE NAIL- This is used for general work. It is not

OVAL WIRE NAIL - This is a long nail and care must be

LOST HEAD NAIL - This is ideal if it is necessary to hide the

PANEL PIN - A very popular way of joining woods

TACK - Can be used for fixing textile materials to wood

SPRIG - This no head and is generally used for fixing glass

ANNULAR NAIL The teeth of this nail hold it in place

HARDBOARD PIN- The diamond shaped head is hidden

Screws find some applications in structural framing as in

They are higher in cost than nails because of the

COUNTERSUNK SLOT HEAD: This can be used for general

POZIDRIV HEAD: Used with special screw drivers which will

ROUND HEAD SCREW: These are used for fixing pieces of

RAISED HEAD SCREW: Used to fit door handle plates and

DOME HEAD SCREW: Can be used for fitting fixtures and

CHIPBOARD SCREWS: The thread on this type of screw

SELF-TAPPING SCREWS: These are normally used to cut a

Various fixing devices are available for fixing components to

Cavity fixings are designed to spread the load over a wide

Such fixings are :

● Steel spring toggles

Hinges are devices used to attach doors,windows and

• Material used for

Steel butt hinges

Rising Butt hinge

Steel Double flap butt hinge

Band and Hook

LOCKS AND LATCHES

Latch is used for doors, whereby it is operated and opened

Locks & Latches

Cylinder night latches are fitted to the stile of a door and

A rim lock is the oldest type of lock. It is a surface mount

Mortice Lock and Latches

Mortice locks are very common and are usually attached

Commonly referred to as Yale Locks’, night latches are known

Door bolts are security devices fixed to the inside faces of

Two general patterns produced are :

The bolt of a tower bolt is retained with staples or straps it is

In a barrel bolt, it is completely enclosed along its length.

CASEMENT WINDOW FURNITURE

In the casement window, there are two major parts

1. Fastener - is the security device

Architectural ironmongery serves two main purposes –

The hardware that architectural ironmongers supply for

While at first it might seem that architectural ironmongery

Deciding on the products needed, procuring them and

process normally uses an architectural ironmongery

Ironmongery is perfect for creating reliable and secure door

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