Name: Quetua, Aeverly V.

Course & Section: BSEd II English

UNIT 8
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Developmental task:
Describe or identify the following words depending on your recollection or
understanding of them. Write your answer opposite the word.

1. Alibata - Baybayin was incorrectly referred to as Alibata for many years.

2. Babaylan - Mostly females that have the ability to heal and connect with spirits.
3. Folklores - Traditional beliefs or stories of a community that have been passed
from one generation to the next generations.
4. Bothoan - A place to teach.
5. Sipol - A sharp object used for writing.
6. Colegios - School
7. Beaterios - Combined school and nunnery.
8. Pensionados - People who studied in the U.S. funded by the government.
9. Ilustrados - Educated upper-class Filipinos.
10. Parochial schools - Schools beside churches.
11. Missionaries / Friars - They preach and educate people about religion.
12. Thomasites - American teachers who traveled from the U.S. to the Philippines to
teach basic education.
13. Coercion - Can be considered a threat.
14. Military rule - Military have the authority or power to control.
15. Patriotism - It is the love or devotion to one’s country.

Reflections:

1. How do you think the differences in values, orientations, and philosophies of the
various colonial rulers affected our educational system? Share your thoughts.

One of the effects of various colonial rulers on our educational system that is
really seen in today’s time is the levels of education. Because of the colonizers,
 various cultures were introduced to us. Therefore, various topics were also
introduced. Colonizers have different methods in terms of education and it is
being used in the present time.

2. Every time a new conqueror forcibly gained control of the Philippines, education
goals, emphasis, and methods changed radically. Do you agree? Justify your
answer.

Every time a new conqueror forcible gained control of the Philippines, education
goals, emphasis, and methods changed radically because they have different
sets of rules on how they governed the country. Conquerors have different
cultures thus; the focus of education depends on their culture and beliefs.

3. If only the Spaniards had invaded the Philippines, please describe our
educational system.

During the Spanish period, the catechism was the main focus. The power or
control is given to the church; therefore, they teach more about religion. If only
the Spaniards had invaded the Philippines, there would still be a lot of parochial
schools due to the power bestowed on friars. The education system is focused
on the practical side and worshiping so it can be considered as not a formal
education.

4. Please describe our educational system if the Japanese had occupied the
Philippines for a longer period.

During the Japanese occupation, schools operated the whole year; thus, there
were no vacations or short breaks for students, teachers, and even principals.
Teachers and principals are expected to work even during weekends and
holidays. The Japanese expunged the old notion of the United States and Great
Britain to replace it with a new order. The Japanese desire to make Nihongo a
substitute for the English language; even ending its use of it might have resulted
in Filipinos' fluency in the Japanese language instead of English. The Japanese
used coercion and if they had occupied the Philippines for a longer period,
students and workers would face major exhaustion and Filipinos would be
familiar with the Japanese culture more than our own because the Japanese
used Nihongo to teach Japanese culture and even eliminated Social Studies
where patriotism is promoted.
Activity 1

This is a summary of the Philippine educational system, based on various historical

periods. To finish the idea, indicate what is requested in each area/box (goals, focus,
instructional techniques/methods used, and general features of each era).

PERIOD GOALS FOCUS METHOD GENERAL

CHARACTERISTICS

PRE-COLONI - To foster - Vocational - Practical - More vocational

AL ERA respect for training training
the laws, - Oral
customs, and - Writing system
- Hands-on called baybayin
authorities
represented
- Teachers are the
by their
parents, elders,
parents and
storytellers, and
elders.
chroniclers

SPANISH - To spread - Religion - Oral - Spanish friars and

ERA Christian missionaries are in
faith. - Educational charge
materials
such as - Parochial schools
books and are connected to
pamphlets churches
were
employed - Neither hierarchical
nor structured
educational system

- Beaterios (girls) and

Cologeios (boys)
AMERICAN - Promotion - Instill the - English - American soldiers
ERA of peace values of language were the first
democracy, teachers later on
development replaced by
and fair play Thomasites because
to the of the training,
students. qualifications, and
personal attributes

- English language
was taught to
disseminate
democratic principles

- Established public
school systems

- Prescription of
implementation of a
standard curriculum
for three-year
primary education at
the beginning of
1904 and was
increased to 4-year
in 1909 by the
General Office

- Modifications to the
Philippine
educational system
were made in 1940
JAPANESE - Promote - Adopt the - They used - Embodiment of
ERA their culture, Japanese coercion to Japanese
language, culture and make the educational policies
vocational their population in Military Order no. 2
education, language by participate in where six basic
and work eliminating education. principles were listed.
ethics. the then
medium of - There is no - School faculty were
instruction summer obliged to work even
which is the vacation due during weekends and
English to the school holidays.
language. operation
year-round. - Textbooks that have
content about the
- Teaching the United States and
Japanese Great Britain were
language to discarded.
easily teach
their culture. - They eliminated
Social Studies which
- Offers promotes patriotism.
vocational
courses and
home
economics.

- Teachers
were teaching
60 students
both morning
and
afternoon.

Activity 2

Prior to the implementation of the K-12 curriculum, research some basic education
curricula. Identify the highlights of each one.
● The Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
- It focuses on the basics of reading, writing, arithmetic, science, and patriotism.
Values are essential to all subject areas. By then, students are ready for lifelong
learning. It also aims to improve the reading comprehension of grade 3, and
worse, grade 6.
- Integrative and interactive teaching-learning approaches are emphasized.
Teachers, students, and teacher-students are learning and sharing knowledge
and experiences. For example, under the old curriculum, English teachers and
Values teachers will prepare lesson plans in accordance with what they teach,
under the BEC they will work together on their lesson plans.
- High school mathematics has gone from a spiral system that introduced all
mathematics subjects at all levels to a linear, sequential approach that teaches
only elementary algebra in the first year, intermediate algebra in the second year,
and geometry only in the third year.
- Textbooks for the revised curriculum valuing P1.4 billion are delivered to schools
from various places nationwide and some are still in the process of being
distributed. The budget for textbooks only funds the grades 1 to 4 and 1st-year to
2nd-year high school, DepEd will be able to provide textbooks to 3rd-year high
schools too. This is the result of significant savings DepEd has achieved through
its transparent approach to sourcing school supplies and supplies.
- The lesson plans of teachers are already prepared and produced. Additional
training and preparation of lesson plans were added from the 3rd to the 15th of
June. High schools teacher will all get lesson plans.
● Revised Basic Education Curriculum (RBEC)
- Basic Education. — Basic education aims to meet the basic learning needs that
form the basis for building further learning. This includes kindergarten, primary
and secondary education, and alternative learning systems for out-of-school
learners and people with special needs.
- Enhanced Basic Education Program. — The Enhanced Basic Education Program
includes, in that order, at least one year of kindergarten education, six years of
primary education, and six years of secondary education. Secondary education
consists of four years of junior high school and two years of senior high school.
- Curriculum development. — DepED develops the design and details of the
Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum. Working with the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) to create harmonious undergraduate and higher education
curricula for the international competitiveness of Filipino graduates. DepED
coordinates CHED with the Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA) to ensure college readiness and avoid rework and duplication
of undergraduate courses.

● National Secondary Education Curriculum (NSEC)

 - The New Secondary Education Curriculum or NSEC of the Secondary Education
Development Programme is cognitive-affective-manipulative based. It focuses on
substantive and process content, and values development, productivity, and
technology.
- The eight subject areas in the NSEC are
1. English
2. Filipino
3. Mathematics
4. Araling Panlipunan
5. Science and Technology
6. Edukasyong Pangkalusugan
7. Technology and Home Economics
8. Pangkatawan at Musika (Physical Education, Health and Music, Values
Education)
- The NSEC will be introduced to all types of public and private high schools
beginning in the 1989-1990 school year. This includes technical and vocational
training institutions and higher education departments of state colleges and
universities.
- The following timetable shows the NSEC implementation by year level:
➔ 1989 – 1990 First Year
➔ 1990 – 1991 Second Year
➔ 1991 – 1992 Third Year
➔ 1992 – 1993 Fourth Year

● Program for Decentralized Education (PRODED)

- In 1983-1984, DECS launched the Program for Decentralized Education

(PRODED), changing the curriculum to focus on science, technology,
mathematics, and literacy.

Activity 3

Identify the educational policies of each Philippine President and report to the class.

● Roxas, M
Executive Order No. 94

The Department of Instruction was renamed the Department of Education in 1947 by

Executive Order No. 94. Bureau of Public and Private schools is the organization that
governs the public and private schools.
During this time, Philippine education is aiming to develop an integrated, nationalistic,
and democratic educational system in which the objectives are more on the side of
instilling values that are moral and spiritual, a strong faith in God, raising a morally
upright and educated populace in a democratic society, preserving the country's natural
resources, to perpetuate our fundamental principles and cultivating humanities, the arts,
and the sciences.

● Quirino, E

Republic Act No. 896 or Elementary Education Act of 1953

The inclusion of Grade VII in the elementary curriculum was formerly removed by the
Educational Act of 1940 and was restored. Under this law, the primary course shall
consist of four grades (Grades I to IV) and three grades in the intermediate course
(Grades V to VII).

The elementary school’s primary goal shall be creating morally upright, healthy citizens
who possess skills, values, and behaviors that are necessary for fulfilling lives at home;
as well as in the community.

● Magsaysay, R

Magsaysay pioneered the use of prefabricated school buildings to support the

community school movement he started. The school building was mass-produced on a
self-help basis, with people providing the labor, and was built or furnished in the barrio.

Magsaysay is the one behind the improvement of educational opportunities for young
people in the country by building more schools. A goal his recently revised K-12
curriculum seeks to achieve is emphasizing professional training to improve their
chances of getting a job.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425

An act to include the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges, and
universities courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and distribution thereof,
and for other purposes.

Its goal is to pay tribute to our national hero’s devotion and works to shape the
characters of Filipinos, to instill patriotism through the study of Rizal’s life, works, and
writings, and commit the lives of the youth to ideals of freedom and nationalism.

● Garcia, C
The Revised Philippine Educational Program of 1957 or Department Order No.1, s.
1957 is otherwise known as the 2-2 plan. The present four years of secondary
education were divided into two parts and is aiming to develop greater competence in
terms of vocational and, insuring more adequate academic preparation for students.

Department Order No. 5, s. 1958 or Character Education and Right Conduct - there is an
allotted time of 40 minutes once a week and is given in English.

● Macapagal D.

Macapagal is the one behind the implementation of measures with the intention of
improving the quality of instruction. During his term, he strengthen the curricula at all
levels of instruction and was able to open 13,000 new classes in comparison to 10,300
new classes in 1961.

● Marcos, F

Educational Reforms

According to Marcos education is a very important role in the goal of the “New Society”.
During his term, he vowed that the administration “shall educate our children, our men
and women, and ourselves.”

Educational Development Decree of 1972

Ten-year Education Development Program (1972-1982)

● Establishment of science education system

● Accelerated manpower skills training to respond to regional industrial needs

● A regional agricultural education programs

● Emphasis on work-oriented programs

● A policy of bilingualism

● A National College Entrance Examination

● Study now, pay later plan

Presidential Decree No. 932 or the Educational Assistance Act

● The decree states that any Filipino citizen who graduates from a duly
 authorized secondary school, whether public and private, desiring to pursue
further studies may avail of assistance under any of the schemes, the basic
consideration being he is poor but deserving.

Presidential Decree No. 1706 or the National Service Law

● The decree provides that each citizen shall render national service in any of
the three main programs, namely: civic welfare service, law enforcement
service, and military service.

● Aquino, C.

Educational Program

● Adult Education Program

● Non-formal Education
● Technical and Vocational Education
● Physical Education and School Sports
● Scholarships and incentives
● Free Public Education in Elementary and High school
● ESCS - Educational Service Contracting Scheme
● SEDP - Secondary Education Developmental Program

Educational Practices

● To improve the quality and increase the relevance of education and

training.
● To increase access to disadvantaged groups in all educational areas.
● To accelerate the development of middle and high-level manpower
required by economic recovery and sustainable growth as well as
enhance their employability, productivity, and self-reliance.

Legal Mandates

R.A 6728

● This act provides Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private

Education (July 10, 1989)

E.O No. 27
 ● Education to Maximize Respect for Human Rights (July 4, 1986)

E.O No.189

● It is a declared policy of the national government to prioritize education,

science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and
nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation
and development. (June 10, 1987)

Philippine Constitution 1987 - Article XIV; Sec. 1-2

Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality
education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all.

Section 2. The State shall:

(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of
education relevant to the needs of the people and society;

(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education at the elementary and high
school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children,
elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age;

(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs,
subsidies, and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both
public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged;

(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as

self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that
respond to community needs; and

(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in civics,
vocational efficiency, and other skills.

R.A 7104 - Common Filipino Language

● Pursuant to the mandate of the Constitution, it is hereby declared to be a

policy of the Government to ensure and promote the evolution, development,
and further enrichment of Filipino as the national language of the Philippines,
on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.

● The Congress of the Philippines enacted Republic Act No. 7104 creating the
Commission on the Filipino Language. which is now also known as Komisyon
 sa Wikang Filipino (KWF), in 1991. Under the said law, KWF is tasked to
undertake, coordinate and promote research for the development of ages.

R.A 6959 - Provincial Centers for Science and Technology

● Sec 1: It is the policy of the State to accelerate the application and transfer
of the benefits of modern science and technology, particularly to the rural
areas so that the great majority of our people, through higher productivity and
increased earning power, improve the quality of their lives.

● Ramos, F
Educational Reforms

RA 7687 in 1994 (The Science and Technology Scholarship Law).

● Fidel V. Ramos believes that science and technology were one of the
means wherein the Philippines could attain the status of a newly industrialized
country (NIC). During his term, he was able to establish programs that were
significant to the field of S&T.

RA 7784 (Law establishing Centers of Excellence in Teacher Education)

● An act to strengthen teacher education in the Philippines by establishing

centers of excellence, creating a teacher education council for the purpose,
appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes.

RA 7743 (Establishing municipal libraries and barangay reading centers)

● It provides for the establishment of congressional, city and municipal

libraries and barangay reading centers throughout the Philippines. This was
signed into law on June 17, 1996.

RA 8496 (Philippine Science High School System)

● In 1997, the PSHS System Law (R.A. 8496 was signed by President Fidel
V. Ramos. It established the PSHS System and unified all the existing
campuses into a single system of governance and management

● Sipnayan, Kapnayan, MATHirang MATHibay

RA 8525 (Adopt-a-school program)

● R.A. 8525. Adopt-A-School refers to a program where a private entity

agrees to extend assistance to a public school in a particular aspect/s of its
 educational program within an agreed period. technologies through
computers, television, internet, satellite programs, distance education.

RA 7686 (The Law on Dual Tech Training of 1994)

● An act to strengthen manpower education and training in the Philippines by

institutionalizing the dual training system as an instructional delivery system
of technical and vocational education and training, providing the mechanism
appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes.

RA 7796 (TESDA)

● The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) was

established through the enactment of Republic Act No. 7796 otherwise known
as the "Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994", which was
signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos on August 25, 1994

RA 7722 (CHED)

● The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) works with DECS to regulate

higher education in the Philippines. 7722, also known as the Higher
Education Act of 1994, during the term of President Fidel V. Ramos. The
commission's vision is the pursuit of a better quality of life for all through
education.

RA 7731 (An Act Abolishing the National College Entrance Examination)

● Abolition of the National College Entrance Exámination (NCEE) Republic

Act No. 7731, or "An Act Abolishing the National College Entrance
Examination, Repealing for the Purpose Presidential Decree No. Local and
foreign students are no longer required to have an NCEE rating for admission
to any degree program. June 2, 1994.

RA 7762 (Passage of the Legal Education Reform Act)

● This law is to reform and uplift the standards of legal education in the
country. Towards this end, the State shall undertake appropriate reforms in
legal education, require proper selection of law students, maintain quality
among law schools, and require legal apprenticeship and continuing legal
education.
RA 7836 (Philippine Teachers Professionalization: Act)

● It was enacted, transferring the regulation of the teaching profession from

CSC to PRC.

● Estrada, J
● The budget for basic education was increased during his
term, and expressed his plan on achieving universal Primary
Education by 2015.
● He focused more on early childhood and preschool
education.
● After the inauguration of the P10.5 million for the Division Office
of the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS), he gave
the pledge.
● Arroyo, G
Ladderized education
● This new system of education allows learners to progress between
Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and college or
vice versa.
● It opens opportunities for students and workers in their career and
educational advancement.
● Executive Order No. 358 - mandates TESDA and CHED to develop
and implement a unified qualifications framework.

Ladderized education provides graduates of Technical Vocational a gateway

or entry point to a college degree.

Priority discipline under Ladderized Education Program

● Agriculture and fisheries

● Health and medical services
● Information and communication technology (ICT)
● Maritime
● Tourism/ Hotel and Restaurant Management (HRM)
● Criminology
● Education
● Engineering

Strengthen the use of the English language as MOI (Medium of

Instruction)
 ● Starting with the first grade, the English language shall be taught as a
second language.
● The English language shall be used as the medium of instruction for
subjects English, Mathematics, and Science from a least the
third-grade level as provided in the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum.

Implementing the Basic Education Curriculum

● Upgrades in the teaching of five learning areas of English, Science,

Math, Filipino, and Makabayan in basic education and training
teachers were made.
● The teaching of science extended with 300-400 minutes allotted time
each week.

Increasing the basic salary of teachers.

● In 2009, she announced a salary increase of P18,198.00 (from

P9,939.00) for public teachers nationwide.

Easing the Textbook Backlog

● 10 million copies of textbooks were printed for 19,000 public

elementary and secondary schools nationwide.

Constructing more school buildings

● 1,612 school buildings were built

● For the construction of schools in Autonomous Regions in Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM) 40 million pesos budget was allocated.

Launching the Internet-based Education Program

● Empowering and preparing the youth for the information age.

Improving Teacher Welfare

● Improves teacher welfare by cleaning up its Automatic Payroll
Deduction System for teachers with loans and hiring an additional
15,000 new teachers.
Mainstreaming distance learning

● Its aim is to extend the benefits of education in remote areas that do

not have proper means for education.
● This is initially available in 20 barangays in different parts of the
country.
● The students are taught through “technovans” (includes materials for
reading, writing, and arithmetic.

● Aquino, B.

● K-12 was implemented during his term.

● Policy framework wherein children that are suitable for pre-schooling are
given the opportunity to enroll in a public pre-kindergarten care and education
program.
● Madaris Education was established as a sub-system in the current
educational system
● Technical and vocation courses were re-introduced in public high schools
● He intended to improve science and mathematics and a child must be able
to read by first grade
● Private education was assisted by the government
● Mother-tongue is the medium of instruction
● He advised to have better textbooks
● In cooperation with LGUs he was able to construct additional schools
● Duterte, R

Law Institutionalizing Good Manners and Right Conduct (GMRC)

● He signed a law institutionalizing Good Manners and Right Conduct

(GMRC) and Values Education as a core subject in the K to 12 curriculum in both
public and private schools. Under Republic Act (RA) 11476, Edukasyon sa
Pagpapakatao (ESP) was replaced by GMRC. Grades 1 to 6 shall be taught
GMRC as a separate subject and will also be integrated into the daily learning
activities of Kindergarten students. The introduction of GMRC must be clear,
distinct, and specific, and must provide a concrete character-building such as
role-playing in the classroom, community immersion activities, activities that will
oblige teachers and parents to collaborate, values formation activities initiated by
the school, simulated activities, and other forms of experiential learning.

Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act

 ● RA No. 10931 was signed by Duterte on 03 August 2017. It is otherwise known
as the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act and it provides free
tuition and other school fees in state universities and colleges, local universities
and colleges, and state-run technical-vocational institutions. This law also
established the Tertiary Education Subsidy and Student Loan Program, resulting
in a strengthened Unified Student Financial Assistance System for Tertiary
Education, and appropriating funds.

Transnational Higher Education Act

● He signed the Transnational Higher Education Act or RA No. 11448 in August

with the means of expanding access to educational services through the
establishment and administration of transnational higher education (TNHE).
● Under the law, "the State shall endeavor to modernize the Philippine higher
education sector and bring international quality standards and expertise into the
country with a view to making higher education globally competitive, attracting a
flow of talented students, faculty, and staff and improving the country's human
resource base.”
● TNHE is referred to as “all types and modes of delivery of higher education study
programs, sets of courses of study, or educational services, including distance
education and study-abroad programs, which involve education systems of a
State different from the State where a TNHE provider operates or programs
which may operate independently of any national education system where the
learners are located in a country different from the one where the awarding
institution is based.”

Labor Education Act

● He signed Labor Education Act or RA 11551. The need for the state to provide a
mechanism to educate rights and responsibilities in promoting harmonious
alliance in the workplace and social progress in society to future workers,
employers and entrepreneurs is recognized in this law.
● Labor education shall be integrated by all public and private higher education
institutions (HEIs) as part of an elective course. And if possible, shall hold a
Labor Empowerment and Career Guidance conference wherein the attendees
are the graduating students.

Duterte signs Alternative Learning System Act

● Proper implementation of the RA No. 11510 would provide children who can not
attend regular classes access to education.
● He signed the bill into law, mandating the Department of Education (DepEd) in
 partnership with the Department of Budget and Management and the Civil
Service Commission, to provide teaching positions and corresponding salary
grades to boost the existing ALS Teachers Program.

Duterte approves program seeking to raise the quality of Education

● The plan of the Department of Education (DepEd) to raise the country’s quality
of education was approved in his term following the Philippines scoring the
lowest among 79 countries in an assessment in reading comprehension.
● The DepEd to implement its "Sulong EduKalidad" program. It aims to review and
update the curriculum of K-12 including; improvement of the learning
environment, upskilling and reskilling teachers, and having the stakeholders
support and collaborate.

Duterte signs the law on school Opening

● On July 17, 2020, he signed RA 11480 amending Section 3 of RA 7797 by

adding the provision that the President may set a different date for the start of the
school year if a state emergency or calamity is declared upon the
recommendation of the Secretary of Education. In RA 7797 the start of the
school year is set on the first Monday of the month of June and must not be later
than the last day of the month of August.