Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PARTXXXIX DIRECT SHEAR TEST FOR SOILS
CONTAINING GRAVEL
UDC 624.131.377.620.176
© Copyright 1978
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr 4 February 1978
IS: 2720 (Part XXXIX/Sec t). 1977
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART XXXIX DIRECT SHEAR TEST FOR SOILS
CONTAINING GRAVEL
Section I Laboratory Test
I) Copyright 1978
BUREAU OFINDIAN STANDARDS
.....
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV t 957) and or
reproduction in whole or 10 part by any means except With wntten permission of the
pubhsher sball be deemed to be an lDfrinaement of coPYriabt UDder the said Act.
IS: 2720 (Part XXXIX/Sec t ) .1977
( Contini..edfrom page 1 )
Members Reprmnting
SHRI R. S. MSLKOTE Central Water Commission, New Delhi
SHR.I C.
SUDHINDR. .... (A/tanate)
SHRI T. K. NATAltAJAN Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi
REPRF,SENTATIVE Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
RESEARCH OFPICER Building & Road. Research Laboratory, Cha,ndigarh
SURI K. R. SAXENA Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad
ShCltun,y Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi
D!.PlfTY SI.CRETARV ( Al/ernate )
DR SHAMSHER PRAKASII· University of Roorkee, Roorkee
Ih GOPAL RANJAN ( Alternate)
SIIRI H. D. SHAR M 1\ I rrigation Research Institute, Roorkee
SUPI'.RINTF,Nl.lING ENG1NEl'.R Public WOl ks Department, Governrnrnt of T~ulHl
Nadu
l:xEcuTIve ENOINEER ( Alternate )
SIIRI B. T. UNWAI.LA Concrete Association of India, Bombay
SJIIU T. M. MENON ( Altemat« )
SURl H. C. YUMA All India [nstrumcnts Manufacturers & Dealers
Association, Bombay
SURt V. K. VASUOEVAN ( Altemate )
StIIH D. AJITHA SIMUA, Director General, lSI ( [..\.ojJicio .\1ember)
Director ( Civ Engg )
Secretary
G, RAMAN
SHRf
Deputy Director (Ci v Engg }, lSI
.2
AMENDMENT NO. 1 SEPTEMBER 1987
TO
(BDC 23)
(CE023 )
Srta Fine Arts Pvt Ltd
IS : 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec t ) • 1911
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS
PART XXXIX DIRECT SHEAR TEST FOR SOILS
CONTAINING GRAVEL
Section I Laboratory Test
o. FOR E W 0 R D
0.1 Thi'i Indian Standard (P,\rt XXXIX/Sec 1) was adopted by the
Indian Standards Institution on :30 September 1977) after the draft
finalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved
by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 With a view to establish uniform procedures for the determination of
different characteristics of soils and aha for faciiitating .\ comparative study
of the results, the Indian Standards Institution is bringing out this Indian
Standard methods of test for soil> (IS: 2720) which is being published
in parts. 38 parts of this standard have been published S') far. This
part [IS: 2720 (Part XXXIX/Sec 1 )-1977] deals with the laboratory
determination by direct shear, the shear strength of soils contJilling gravel
with particle size more than 4'75 mm on with disturbed specimen. The
test is of two kinds depending upon the state of samples, namely, laboratory
test and in situ test. The in situ t('';t is being covered separately,
0.3 In the formulation of the .s tandard due weig-l1tage has been given to
international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing
in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the Held
in this country.
0.4 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with
this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to h ~ rounded off)
it sha H be dune in accordance with IS : 2-1960·.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard (Part XXXIX/S~r~ I) covers the method for the
laboratory determination by direct shear) of the shelf strength of soih
containing gravel (with particle size more than 4-75 mm).
NOTE - It is recommended that the 300-mm box shall lie used for soils containing
gravel up to 30 mm size.
3
IS z 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec: I ) -1977
1.2 The tevt shall be carried out at natural moisture content. In case, the
deposit is likely to get saturated, the test shall be carried out in the
saturated condition.
2. APPARATUS
2.1 Shear Box - (See Fig. 1) of mild steel, totally open at top and
bottom of size 300 X 300 rom and deep enough to hold a sample of size
300 X 300 X 150 mm. The box shall be divided horizontally so that the
dividing plane coincides with the central plane of the sample: These two
parts shall be accurately attached together by two easily removable screws
which pass verric.dly through the walls of the upper half and fit into the
lower half. Suitable spacing screws to separate the two halves of the shear
box, when it is assembled fur the test by the amounts required for the test
'111<111 be provided.
2.1.1 Suitable holes, about 1'5 rum in diameter shall be provided on the
sides of the lower half of the shear box to enable entry of water below the
bottom of the soil specimen.
2.2 Container for Shear Bos - so constructed that it holds the bottom
of shear box ri~kUy with respect to the top half and hold, water to
surround the shear box when it is placed in the container. A drain cock
shall he fitted to the container for filling and draining water.
2.3 Gripper Plates - (See Fig. 2A and 2B) two pairs of mild steel
plates to IIt into the shear box; one pair plain and one pair perforated.
2.4 Top and Bottom Plates - (See Fig. 3A and 3B) two pairs of
toothed mild steel plates to fit into the shear box; one pair plain and one
pair perforated.
2.5 Base-Plate -- (See Fig, 4 ) of mild steel with grooves on its top face,
to fi tin to the shear box.
2.6 Loading Plate - A mild steel plate of adequate thickness fitting the
shear box which shall distribute the load from a yoke over the specimen
norm.il 10 the shear plane. The lower face of the loading plate shall have
r ross grooves.
3. PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN
4. PROCEDURE
4.1 The shear Lox with the soli specimen should be fitted into posrtron as
shown in Fig. 1. The required normal load shall be applied. After the
required normal load is applied, the shear strain shall be applied. Before
the application of shear strain, the upper half of the box should be lifted
up slightly to eliminate friction between the parts of the shear box. The
shear strain should be applied at a constant rate of 0'2 nun/min 011 the
upper half of the box till the failure of the specimen. The final shear shall
be recorded through the calibrated proving ring. At the end of the test,
the specimen should be removed from the box and the water content at
the shear zone should be determined. The process shall be repeated for
the next higher normal load. A minimum of 4 sets of readings shall be
taken.
5
;;
N
lOAD BAR TOP LOAD NG .....
N
~AD I PERFORATED o
I
LlFTlN:J PLATE
I
LOCKER ,U-BRACI<ET
"'d
80,- T-
!
-•.,
<, ..
~
~
><
~
SHEAR eox CI2
UPPER HALF It
-n
.......
-•
O"l '.D
SHEAR BOX
.....
-
--.
LOWER HALF
WATER
JACKET
~
'iFi-">=-j ---~' '1 Er~f"=r ~ -~'<=
'-./ .... 7 7
..... ..... ./
J . . . / . . . ., '-/ ~ \
ROLLER STRIPS LBO TTOM PERFORATED PL ATE'- BASE PLATE
,A
~ LL
CD.j
::I
V-- T
A 1/v· .....
I
•
. A
l7
/
1
<I I
!
1
I-~~
50
7
IS I 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) • 1977
I I I
. ~ ---
1 1 '"
I
'-
'"
.. ...
e
I
'.
j
'.
.I
l~ -
-
/ ~:- -'l~
~
-~ ~--
_.
. I - -- -
I
V~
I
/
L ~¢3,120 HOLES
~2S --...f--25~
All dimensions in millimetres,
8
IS : 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec I ) • 1977
UL
-
--
I-- ~
>
- L\.-
-\-
~ -~- - >-- - - -
~ -
~ >-- - - - '----
f-- -- - f----
-~ - f-- -
. -~
~-
~. ~
I-- - ---
o - >.-~ --
DOD
-- --I---- 1--
-l...-
--
I-.- "--
ni
~~
9
IS: 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) - 1977
;- rp 3 529 HOLES
)
110 V
I
IU .L
5]-
f-.. --
I~
f-- 'D
I
t
I
~c
.~ ~
-
- - l- I--
~-
>
...-1-- . -
I
.
-- -
. --
. t-- >--
I-
I
- 1-- ~
-
I---- t--
f--- - 1.
-~
- ~ .
~-
--
'-
-
- ~-
,--
f---
-~
f-----
~
~
I--
-
.-
I--
I-- t--- ~
I--- . -
1-
-~ f-. -~
,~
- f-..
- ~ jl)1- ~~
~
D,~ .~
1--- -
~c
~
n on
- ,- >--
nr-
f-- &'-'/
- >-.- P
~-
r . . . - - - - - - 299-5+ 0
-0-3
sa --~
10
IS: 2720 (Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) -1977
I
~ +0
-----~-299·5 _ 0.3 SQ - - - -
11
IS l 2720 (Part XXXIX JSec 1 ). 1977
5. CALCULATION AND REPORT
5.1 Results of tests shall be recorded suitably. A recommended proforma
for recording the result is given in Appendix A.
5.2 The longitudinal displacement at a particular load shall be recorded
from the shear displacement dial readings.
5.3 The maximum shear force shall be the peak load from load-displace-
ment curve or where the tangent of flatter portion of later part of the
curve leaves in case the curve does not give peak point.
5.4 The maximum shear stress and the corresponding longitudinal
displacement (shear displacement) and applied normal stress should be
recorded for each test and the result should be presented in the form of a
graph in which the applied normal stress ioj plotted as abscissa and the
maximum shear stress is plotted as ordinate. The angle which the result-
ing straight line makes with horizontal axis and the intercept which the
straight line makes with the vertical axis shall be reported as the angle of
shearing resistance and cohesion intercept respectively.
NOTE - The normal stress lJeTSUS maximum shear stress relationship may not be
straight line in all cases. In such cases the shear parameter shall be obtained by draw-
ing a tangent to the normal stress and maximum shear stress curve at the point of
normal stress expected in the field.
12
IS I 2720 ( Part XXXIX/Sec 1 ) • 1977
APPENDIX A
(Clause 5.1 )
PROFORMA FOR RECORDING TEST RESULTS
Project .. Location of sample ..
Sample No ..
Rate of shear strain .. Proving ring No. .. .
Proving ring constant... .. .
Weight of loadlnK fl arne . ..
Normal load applied .. , ..
Soil Specimen Measurements
Dimensions Are a uf spcClmen .
Jnirial wet mass of specimen .. Volume' uf specimen
Water content. .. .. .
Bulk density '" .. ..
Final wet JTI"5~ of specimen .. .
Waler ronrenr at the shear ZOTlf' .
--------------
Plot - Shear stress minus normal stress relationship to obtain
a) Cohesion intercept, and
b) Angle of shearing resistance.
13
IS 12720 (Part XXXIX/Sec:: 1) .1977
( Continuedfrom page 2 )
Members Reprmnling
BHRr R. S. MELKon Central Water Commission, New Delhi
SHRI C. SUDHINORA ( Alurnat« )
SHRr N. SEN Ministry of Shipping & Transport (Road. Wing ),
New Delhi
SHRI P. K. TIIOWAS (Alternar,)
SHRr M. M. D. SUII Public Works Department. Government of Uttar
Pradesh
DR B. L. DHAWA.N ( Alternate)
SnRI P. JAOANNATHA RAO Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi
DR V. V. S. RAO In personal capacity (F-2/ Gmn Park, New Delhi)
SHRI H. C. VERMA Associated Instruments Manufacturers (I) Pvt Ltd,
New Delhi
PROP T. S. NAGARAJ (Alternate)
14
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters:
Manak Bnavan, 9 Bahadur Sha/17afar Marg. N[W DELHI 110002
Telephones 23230131,23233::175,23239402 Fax 91 +011 23239399, ?3?39382
E • Mail Info@ brs org In website http /Iwww brs org III
Regional Offices:
Cpntlrll Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zalar Marg, NEW OELHI11 0002 23?37617
'Eastern 1/14 CIT SchemeVl1 M, V I P Road, Kankurgachl, KOLKATA 700054 23378662
Nor them SCO 335·336, Sector 34~A, CHAN DIGARH 160022 2603843
Southern CIT Campus, IV Cross Road, CHCNNAI 600113 22541984
We"tcrn Man,'jkalaya, E9, MIDC, BehmdMaral Telephone Exchange, 28329295
Andhen (fast), MUMBAI 400093
Branch Offices:
'Pushpak', Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 5601348
Pcenva Industrial Area, 151 Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road, BANGALOfiE 8394955
Cornmercrat-cum-Otirce Complex, Opp Dushera Ma.oan, E·5 Arora Colony, 2423452
Blttan Market, BHOPAL 462016
6?-63, Ganga Nagm, UnIt VI, 8HUBANESHWAR 751001 2403139
S'~ Floor, Koval Towers, 44 Bala Sundaram Road, COIMBATORE 641018 2210141
sea 21, Sector 12, Fandabad 121007 ??92175
Savrtn Complex, 116 G T Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 2861498
53/~ Ward No 29, R G Barua Road, 5th By-lane, Apurba Smha Path, ?456508
GUWAHATI781003
~·8-b6C, L N Gupta Marg, Narnpally Station r~oad, HYDLRABAD 500001 23201084
L-52, Ctutaranran Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 2313879
117/41 B B, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 2233012
nd
Sethi Bhawan, 2 Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 2G1 8923
LUCKNOW 226001
NIT BUilding, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 2:'25171
Mahabrr Bhavan, 1'I Floor, Ropar Road, NALAGARH 174101 221451
Plot No A-20-21,lnstltutlonal Area, Sector 62, Goutam Budh Nagar, NOIDA-?0130 7 2402206
Pathputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 2262808
First Floor, Plot Nos 657-660, MarketYard, Gultkdl, PUNE 411037 4268659
"Sahajanand House" 3,a Floor, Bhaktinapar Circle, 80 Feet Road, 2378251
RAJKOT 360002
T C No 14/1421, Uruversrty PO Palayam, THIRUVANANl HAPURAM 695034 2339174
1-, Floor, Udyog Bhavan, VUDA, Smpuram Junction, VISHAKHAPATNAM·03 2712833