What is a beat?

In music and music theory, the beat is the basic unit of time, the pulse (regularly repeating
event).
The beat is often defined as the rhythm listeners would tap their toes to when listening to a
piece of music, or the numbers a musician counts while performing,
Rhythm in music is characterized by a repeating sequence of stressed and unstressed beats.

This is a 4/4 beat. The first 4 indicates to us that it's a half note beat.
The second 4 says how many half notes we need to make a whole beat.
The clefs:

This is the G clef. It’s normally used for the

notes on the middle, upper register of the
piano.
It's called G clef, because it’s written on the G
line of the staff.

This is the Do 3 (C3). It’s the middle Do, and

we will always find him outside the Staff.

This is the F clef, or more commonly known as

Bass clef.
As the name says by itself, this is the clef for the
middle, low register of the piano.
The name F clef it’s used because we draw the
clef on the F line from the Staff.
How to read notes:

This is the main register from both clefs.

If we want to get higher, or lower from this example, we just need to add additional
lines/spaces as if we were doing a bigger staff.

Musical Figures: