MAIN: How do we study the physical world?

A cosmic calendar depicts the universe's fifteen-billion-year lifespan. Major occurrences

in billions of years equal 24 days, according to this concept. The major events in the cosmic year
can be separated into three parts. From the dawn of man (i.e., evolution) to the present day.
The study of elementary particles, atomic nuclei, atoms, molecules, supramolecules, plants,
animals, the planet, stars, galaxies, galactic clusters, and the known parts of the universe are all
part of the physical world. Conducting rational and systematic scientific research is how
scientific knowledge is generated.

(2.1)
What is a cosmic calendar?
A cosmic calendar depicts the universe's fifteen-billion-year lifespan, from the moment
it was created to the current day and is organized chronologically in a single year. Major
occurrences in billions of years equal 24 days, according to this concept. A second is equal to
475 earth revolutions.

How were they able to date important cosmic events?

Astrophysical theories give data for celestial occurrences, whereas geological
stratification and radioactive dating provide evidence for arranging and discovering geological
events. The major events in the cosmic year can be separated into three parts, according to Carl
Sagan's book Dragons of Eden. The first are the "pre-December dates," which begin with the Big
Bang in January and terminate with the arrival of eukaryotes on the planet. These occurrences
take place between January 1 and November 15 on the cosmic calendar. The second phase,
which spans the entire month of December, encompasses the period from the emergence of
multicellular life through the extinction of dinosaurs. From the dawn of man (i.e., evolution) to
current technology, the 24-hour period between December 31 and New Year's Eve
encompasses events from the dawn of man (i.e., evolution) to the present day.

(2.2)
What are the parts of the physical world as explained in this reading?
From a submicroscopic particle to a cosmic gathering of matter, the physical world is
defined by its spatial properties. Dimensions are used to quantify the study of the physical
universe. Sizes are highly regarded and play an important part in the development of physical
scientific branches. Elementary particles, atomic nuclei, atoms, molecules, supramolecules,
plants, animals, the planet, stars, galaxies, galactic clusters, and the known parts of the universe
are all part of the physical world.

Which parts of the physical world are studied by physics? by chemistry? by geology?
The study of elementary particles, atomic nuclei, atoms, stars, galaxies, known regions
of the universe, and other celestial bodies is referred to as physics. Chemistry, on the other
hand, focuses on the microscopic information of matter, but physics allows us to see the
physical world in a larger scheme. It is concerned with the study of molecules and
supramolecules, as well as their interactions. Physics and chemistry complement geology,
another important discipline of research that leads to a deeper understanding of the physical

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 universe. The study of the earth and its spheres is known as geology. It's extremely vital for
explaining major cosmic events and ensuring the planet's long-term viability.

(2.3)
How does experiment complement theory?
The data collected during the experiment can be used to support a theory or fact. To
create and design an experiment, there should be an underlying theory. Theories emerge from
the unexpected links between various data. Kenneth Ford, on the other hand, stressed that no
amount of experimental verification can truly prove a theory because a theory might yield an
endless number of predictions, and no theory is unique.

How does scientific knowledge develop?

Conducting rational and systematic scientific research is how scientific knowledge is
generated. Kenneth Ford enumerated steps in the development of scientific knowledge in his
book Basic Physics: (1) collecting facts; (2) observing to identify laws (patterns or regularities)
linking the facts; (3) formulating a hypothesis; (4) testing the hypothesis against known facts;
(5) predicting new facts and additional tests; and (6) developing and applying the theory.

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