FCEFyN– UNSJ PRÁCTICA DE APRENDIZAJE Nº 2

DPTO DE INFORMÁTICA INGLÉS II- LCC- LSI- TUPW

PRE READING ACTIVITIES

• Observamos el texto: título, subtítulos, gráfico y decimos sobre qué trata el texto

• Hacemos una lluvia de ideas entre todos para compartir los conocimientos previos que cada uno tiene
sobre el tema SQL VS NOSQL y empezar a adquirir nuevos conocimientos específicos de la carrera.

SQL vs. NoSQL Databases: What’s the Difference?

Adapted: https://www.upwork.com/hiring/data/sql-vs-nosql-databases-whats-the-difference/

In this article, we´ll explore what SQL is, how it makes these databases different, and how each type structures
the data it holds.

In the world of database technology, there are two main types of databases: SQL and NoSQL (Not only SLQ) or
relational databases and non-relational databases. The difference speaks to how they are built, the type of
information they store, and how they store it. Relational databases are structured, like phone books that store
phone numbers and addresses. Non-relational databases are document-oriented and distributed, like file
folders that hold everything from a person’s address and phone number to their Facebook likes and online
shopping preferences. We call them SQL and NoSQL referring to whether or not they are written solely in
structured query language (SQL).

SQL: RELATIONAL DATABASES

First, let’s take a look at one of the main features that separates these two systems: the way they structure
data. A relational database -or an SQL database, named for the language it´s written in: Structured Query
Language- is the more rigid, structured way of storing data, like a phone book. Developed by IBM in the 1970s,
a relational database consists of two or more tables with columns and rows. Each row represents an entry, and
each column sorts a very specific type of information, like a name, address, and phone number. The
relationship between tables and field types is called a schema. In a relational database, the schema must be
clearly defined before any information can be added.

For a relational database to be effective, the data you´re storing in it has to be structured in a very organized
way. A well-designed schema minimizes data redundancy and prevents tables from becoming out-of-sync, a
critical feature for many businesses, especially those that record financial transactions. A poorly designed
schema can result in organizational headaches due to its rigidity. For example, a column designed to store U.S.
phone numbers might require 10 digits because that´s the standard for phone numbers in the U.S. This has the
advantage of rejecting any invalid values (for example, if a number is missing an area code). However, if you
need to change the schema (for instance, if you need to include an international phone number entry with
more than 10 digits) then the entire database needs to be edited.
FCEFyN– UNSJ PRÁCTICA DE APRENDIZAJE Nº 2
DPTO DE INFORMÁTICA INGLÉS II- LCC- LSI- TUPW

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a programming language used by database architects to design relational
databases. In an SQL database (like MySQL, Sybase, Oracle, or IBM DM2) SQL executes queries, retrieves data,
and edits data by updating, deleting, or creating new records. SQL is a lightweight, declarative language that
does a lot of heavy lifting for the relational database, acting like a database’s version of a server-side script.
One particular advantage of SQL is its simple-yet-powerful JOIN clause, which allows developers to retrieve
related data stored across multiple tables with a single command.

NOSQL DATABASES

If you’re dealing with massive amounts of unstructured data, non-relational databases offer much greater
flexibility than their traditional counterparts. Unstructured data from the web can include sensor data, social
sharing, personal settings, photos, location-based information, online activity, usage metrics, and more. Trying
to store, process, and analyse all of this unstructured data led to the development of schema-less alternatives
to SQL.

Instead of tables, NoSQL databases are document-oriented. This way, non-structured data (such as articles,
photos, social media data, videos, or content within a blog post) can be stored in a single document that can
be easily found but isn’t necessarily categorized into fields like a relational database does. It’s more intuitive,
but note that storing data in bulk like this requires extra processing effort and more storage than highly
organized SQL data. That’s why Hadoop, an open-source computing and data analysis platform capable of
processing huge amounts of data in the cloud, is so popular in conjunction with NoSQL database stacks.

NoSQL databases offer another major advantage, particularly to app developers: ease of access. Relational
databases have a fraught relationship with applications written in object-oriented programming languages like
Java, PHP, and Python. NoSQL databases are often able to sidestep this problem through APIs, which allow
developers to execute queries without having to learn SQL or understand the underlying architecture of their
database system.

READING ACTIVITIES

Actividad 1: Resuelve con información del gráfico y el PRIMER párrafo:

• Escribe las características propias de cada tipo de base de datos.

ATENCIÓN: DEBES ELABORAR LA RESPUESTA NO DEBES TRADUCIR TODA LA INFORMACIÓN

Actividad 2: Lee la información del SEGUNDO párrafo y resuelve:

• Nombra la diferencia principal de las BBDD SQL con las NoSQL:

• Señala características de elementos fundamentales (tablas, columnas, filas, esquema) que constituyen
una BD SQL.

• Explica brevemente el ejemplo que ofrece el autor.

Actividad Nº 3: Según lo que plantea el autor en el TERCER párrafo:

• Explica qué efectos tiene para una empresa contar con un esquema de datos bien diseñado versus
uno mal diseñado.
FCEFyN– UNSJ PRÁCTICA DE APRENDIZAJE Nº 2
DPTO DE INFORMÁTICA INGLÉS II- LCC- LSI- TUPW

Actividad 4: Lee el CUARTO párrafo referido al lenguaje SQL y resuelve:

• Indica qué funciones desempeña este lenguaje de programación en una base de datos relacional.

• ¿Qué ventaja asigna el autor a la sentencia JOIN?

Actividad 5: Luego de leer el QUINTO párrafo

• Explica por qué surgieron las bases de datos NoSQL.

• Menciona con qué tipo de datos funcionan estas bases de datos

Actividad 6: Resuelve con la información que brinda el SEXTO párrafo

• Cómo almacenan y organizan los datos las bases NoSQL comparadas con las bases SQL.

• Qué supone tener que almacenar grandes cantidades de datos.

• Qué es Hadoop y qué opina el autor sobre ella.

Actividad 7: Según lo que plantea el autor en el SÉPTIMO párrafo:

• Qué inconveniente tienen los diseñadores de aplicaciones con las bases de datos relacionales.
• Explica de qué manera las bases de datos NoSQL facilitan la tarea de los diseñadores de
aplicaciones.

POST READING ACTIVITIES

Actividad 8: según el contexto del tema estudiado, ¿Qué significado le asignas a estas expresiones idiomáticas
y “phrasal verbs”?

SPEAK TO CONSIST OF

(PÁRRAFO I) (PÁRRAFO II)

TAKE A LOOK AT
(EXPRESIÓN) PREVENT . . . . FROM
PHRASAL VERBS & (EXPRESIÓN)
(PARRAFO II) EXPRESSIONS
(PÁRRAFO III
 FCEFyN– UNSJ PRÁCTICA DE APRENDIZAJE Nº 2
DPTO DE INFORMÁTICA INGLÉS II- LCC- LSI- TUPW

GLOSARIOS

Un GLOSARIO es un catálogo de palabras de una misma disciplina o campo de

estudios, que aparecen definidas, explicadas o comentadas.

Para aprender más términos específicos del tema estudiado en el texto puedes consultar el siguiente
glosario:

Database Terminology – A Dictionary of the Top Database Terms

https://raima.com/database-terminology/

Actividad 9: Para cada concepto indicado encuentra la explicación/definición que corresponde.

A single unit of named data that has a particular data type

(e.g., number, text, or date). They only exist in tables.

One set of related values for all of the columns

declared in a given table.

A collection of closely related columns. A table consists of

rows each of which shares the same columns but vary in
the column values.

COLUMNA
SQL

ESQUEMA
FILA
TABLA

The standardized and commonly accepted language

used for defining, querying and manipulating a
relational database.

A representation of the structure of a database. It may

be graphical or textual.
 FCEFyN– UNSJ PRÁCTICA DE APRENDIZAJE Nº 2
DPTO DE INFORMÁTICA INGLÉS II- LCC- LSI- TUPW

Actividad 10: Une cada concepto en la columna de la izquierda con su definición/explicación que aparece en
la columna de la derecha.

A non-relational database were designed to overcome the limitations of relational databases in

1 (or NoSQL) dealing with Big Data demands.

are designed to store and retrieve very large volumes of data and -as
A relational database a result- do not use the more general SQL query language to read and
2 (or SQL) write data.

provides a structure to organize the data, instead of having all of them

3 A database in a list with a random order.

has a different philosophy for how data should be stored and

4 NoSQL retrieved.

does not follow the relational model provided by traditional relational

database management systems.
5 NoSQL databases
is a collective set of multiple data sets organized by tables, records
and columns.
6 Each type of database

What is SQL (Structured Query Language)? Why is it Important?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8ngx84oHFY&feature=youtu.be

Escucha con atención el vídeo y responde sobre las características del lenguaje SQL.
DEFINICIÓN Y FUNCIÓN DE SQL:
SINTAXIS:
USOS:
EJEMPLOS DE BBDD RELACIONALES PROPIETARIAS Y DE CÓDIGO ABIERTO:
¿QUÉ SIGNIFICADO TIENE EL PHRASAL VERB "FIRE UP" EN ESTE CONTEXTO?