The

Catalyst
Restricted Permutation & Combination
Number of combinations of n distinct things taken r at a time when p-
particular things always occur
(n p)
(r p)
C

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(1) From a group of 15 cricket players, a team of 11 players is to be
choosen. In how many ways can this done?
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(2) In how many ways can a football team of 11 players be selected from 16
players? How many of these will
(i) include 2 particular players?
(ii) exclude 2 particular players?
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Catalyst
The number of permulations of n distinct things taken r at a time when p
particular things always occur
(n p)
(r p)
C .r!

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(3) Out of 7 consonant and 4 vowels, how many words of 3 consonants and
2 vowels can be formed?
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(4) How many four letter, words can be formed using the letters of the word
FAILURE
(i) F is included in each word?
(ii) F is not included in any word?
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(5) In how many ways can the letters of the word PENCIL be arranged so
that (i) N is always next to E? (ii) N and E are always together?
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(6) A code word is to consist of two district English alphabets followed by
two distinct numbers from 1 to 9. For example, CA 23 is a code word.
How many such code words are there? How many of them end with an
even integer?
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(7) How many words can be formed out of the letters of the word
ARTICLE, so that vowels occupy even places?
Ans: 144
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Catalyst
Number of permutations of n things, taken all at a
time when things are not all different
Out of n things. Let P
1
are alike of one kind, P
2
are alike of second kind,
P
r
of then alike of the r
th
kind
P
1
+ P
2
+ + P
r
n.
And rearranging things are all different. Then by the numbers of
permutations
1 2 r
n!/(p !p !...p )

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(8) How many different words can be formed with the letters of the word
MISSISSIPPI?
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(9) In how many ways can a cricket eleven be chosen out of a batch of 15
players if
(a) there is no restriction on the selection,
(b) a particular player is always chosen.
(c) a particular player is never chosen?
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Catalyst
If some or all of a things be taken at a time
Then the number combinations
n n n n
1 2 n
C C ... C 2 1 + + +
This is equivalent to select at least one object.
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(10) In how many ways can 5 different balls be distributed between two
persons such that;
1. No restrictions are there
2. Each should get at least one ball
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(11) Committee of 12 is to be formed from 9 women and 8 men. In how
many ways this can be done if at least five women have to be included
in a committee? In how many of these committee (i) the women are in
majority (ii) the men are in majority?
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Selections of at least one object when all objects are
not different
Total number of ways to make selection of at least one object by taking
some or all of p
1
+ p
2
+ + p
r
objects, where p
1
are alike of one kind. p
2
are alike of second kind, p
2
are alike of r
th
kind is given by
1 2 r
(p 1)(p 1)...(p 1) 1 + + +
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(12) In how many ways one or more fruits out of 5 apples, 6 oranges and 7
bananas be selected?
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(13) Out of 6 white, 5 black and 4 red balls, the number of ways in which one
or more balls can be selected is
(a) 210 (b) 209 (c) 120 (d) 121
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Dearrangements
Any change in the given order of the things is called a dearrangement.
(i) If n things form arranged in row, the number of ways they can be
disarranged so that no one of them occupies its original place is given by
n
n
1 1 1 1
D n! 1 ... ( 1)
1! 2! 3! n!
| `
+ + +

. ,
This is known as total disarrangement of n objects.
(ii) Partial disarrangement: If some of n objects (say r) to be
disarranged, so that any r objects occupy original places and rest (n r)
are disarranged, then number of disarrangements.
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Catalyst
n n r
r r r
1 1 1 1
C D C r! 1 ... ( 1)
1! 2! 3! r!

+ + +
' '

(14) There are 4 letters and 4 addressed envelopes. The number of ways in
which all the letters could be put into the wrong envelopes is
(a) 7 (b)
1 1 1
4
2 3 4
| `
+

. ,
(c) 9 (d) 8
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