WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSTY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Worksheet 1 on Propositional Logic and Set Theory
(Mathematics for Social Science and Natural Science)
1. Which of the following are propositions? Determine the truth value whenever
possible
(a) Thank you for your co-operation
(b) 3 < 5 or there are infinitely many prime numbers.
(c) 5 is prime but 7 is not prime.
(d) 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 provided that 𝑎 = 𝑏
(e) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 for all 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅
(f) The first human being lived in Africa
2. Find the negation of each of the following statements.
(a) 3 + 5 = 7 and Mango is vegetable.
(b) All vehicles have 4 wheels.
(c) If 2 is even number, then 4 is prime number.
(d) If all rich people are happy, then all poor people are sad.
3. (a) Suppose the truth value of the proposition 𝑝 ⇒ 𝑞 is True. What can be said
about the truth value of 𝑝 ∧ 𝑞 ⇔ 𝑝 ∨ 𝑞.
(b) Suppose the truth value of the proposition 𝑝 ⇔ 𝑞 is True. What can be said
about the truth values of 𝑝 ⇔ ¬𝑞 and ¬𝑝 ⇔ 𝑞.
4. If 𝑝, 𝑞 and 𝑟 are proposition, determine the following compound statements are
tautology, contradiction or neither.
i) [(p ⇒ q) ∧ (q ⇒ r)] ⇒ (p ⇒ r)]
ii) (p ∧ ¬q) ∧ (p ∧ q)
5. Let p, q, r be propositions have truth values False, False and True respectively.
Determine the truth value of each of the following prepositions.
(a) p ⇒ (q ∨ r)
(b) [¬(p ∨ q)] ⇔ [(¬p) ∧ (¬q)]
(c) [p ⇒ (q ∨ r)] ⇔ [(p ∧ (¬q) ⇒ r]
6. Write the following sentences in symbolic form.
(a) All students at Addis Ababa University (AAU) are Ethiopians.
(b) No Ethiopians is a racist.
(c) No student at AAU is a racist.
(d) If all students at AAU are Ethiopians and no Ethiopian is a racists, then no
student at AAUis a racist.
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 (e) No woman is both a politician and a house wife.
(f) Some integers are rational numbers.
(g) All judges are lawyers.
(h) Some women are both lawyers and congresswomen.
7. Let 𝑝(𝑥): 𝑥 is an integer less than 4 and 𝑞(𝑥): 𝑥 is a natural number.
Find the truth value for the following compound prepositions.
(a) p(3) ∧ q(0) (b) p(3) ∨ q(10) (c) p(12) ⇒ q(0) (d) p(3) ⟺ q(−1)
8. Given that 𝑄(𝑥): 𝑥 is a rational number; 𝐼(𝑥): 𝑥 is an irrational number and
𝑅(𝑥): 𝑥 is a real number, express each of the following in symbolic form.
(a) All Handsome men in Ethiopia.
(b) The collection of all natural numbers less than 200.
(c) The group of people who are friendly.
(d) The collection of all integers 𝑥 for which: 2𝑥 2 − 9 = 16.
9. Given that 𝑄(𝑥): 𝑥 is a rational number; 𝐼(𝑥): 𝑥 is an irrational number and
𝑅(𝑥): 𝑥 is a real number, express each of the following in symbolic form
(a) If 𝑥 is a rational number, then 𝑥 is a real number.
(b) If 𝑥 is a real number, then 𝑥 is either an irrational number or 𝑥 is a rational
number.
(c) 𝑥 is a real number if and only if 𝑥 is an irrational number or is a 𝑥 rational
number.
10. Let 𝑈 = {1, 2, 3, 4}, 𝑝(𝑥): 𝑥 is prime, 𝑞(𝑥): 𝑥 is odd and prime, 𝑟(𝑥): 𝑥 is less
than or equal to 4 and 𝑠(𝑥): 𝑥 is divisible by 2.
Determine the truth values of the following:
(a) (∃x) p(x) (c) (∀x) r(x) (e) (∃x) q(x)
(b) (∀x) p(x) (d) (∃x) s(x) (f) (∀x) q(x)
11. Let 𝑈 be the set of real numbers. Determine the truth value of the following
propositions.
(a) (∀x)(∀y)( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 ≥ 0 ) (f) (∀x)(∃y)( 𝑥 2 =y)
(b) (∃x)(∀y)( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 ≥ 0 ) (g) (∃x)(∀y)(xy = 0)
2 2
(c) (∃x)(∀y)( 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1) (h) (∃x)(∃y)[(𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2) ∨ (4𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 5)]
2
(d) (∃x)(∀y)( x ≤ 𝑦 ) (k) (∃x)(∃y)[(𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2) ∧ (−𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 1)]
(e) (∀x)(∃y)(𝑥𝑦 = 1)
12. Construct truth table for each of the following statements
(a) (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬p ⇔ q).
(b) (p ∧ q) ⇒ [(q ∧ ¬p) ⇒ (r ∧ q)].
(c) [(p ⇒ q) ⇒ r] ⇔ (p ∧ ¬q) ∨ r.

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13. Find converse, inverse and contrapositive of the following statements.
(a) If a number is divisible by 2, then the number ends in zero.
(b) If you nap or it rains, then you will not do your homework.
(c) If I am hungry and I have money, then I will buy a pizza.
14. Determine the validity of each of the following argument forms..
(a) q, p ⇒ q ⊢ ¬q
(b) ¬p ⇒ ¬q, q ⊢ p
(c) p ⇒ ¬q, p, r ⇒ q ⊢ ¬r
(d) p ⇒ q, ¬r ⇒ ¬q ⊢ ¬r ⇒ ¬p
(e) p ⇒ q, ¬p ⇒ r, r ⇒ s ⊢ ¬q ⇒ s
(f) ¬p ∨ q, r ⇒ p, r ⊢ q.
(g) Ayele works part time or full time. If Ayele does not play in the team, then
he does not work part time. If Ayele plays in the team, then he is busy.
Ayele does not work full time.Therefore, Ayele is busy.

15. Which of the following are well-defined sets?

(a) All Handsome men in Ethiopia.
(b) The collection of all natural numbers less than 200.
(c) The group of people who are friendly.
(e) All the colors in the rainbow.
(f) All the points that lie on a straight line.
(g) All the honest members in the family.
(h) All the consonants of the English alphabet.
(i) All the tall boys of the school.
(j) All the efficient doctors of the hospital.
(k) All the hardworking teachers in a school.
(l) All the prime numbers less than 100.
(m) All the letters in the word GEOMETRY.

16. Describe each of the following set by using listing or set builder method.
(a) The set of all persons whose birthday is 10th of July.
(b) The set whose members in the set {−1, 0, 1}.
(c) The set of all nonnegative integers which are multiples of 4.
17. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is an odd integer between 2 and 12}. List all subsets with exactly
(a) one element; (b) two elements, (c) three elements, (d) four elements.
18. Let A and B be two finite sets. If n(A) = 22, n(B ) = 26 and n(A ∪ B ) = 38,
then find n(A ∩ B ).

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19. If U is a universal set and A and B are subsets of U, use venn diagrams to show
that:
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(a) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐 ∩ 𝐵𝑐
(b) 𝐴 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 − 𝐵)
(c) If A and B are finite sets, then |𝐴 ∪ 𝐵| = |𝐴| + |𝐵| − |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵|
20. For any two sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 and universal set 𝑈 show that
(a) 𝐴 △ 𝐵 = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
(b) 𝐴 △ ∅ = 𝐴
(c) 𝐴 △ 𝐵 = 𝐵 △ 𝐴
(d) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)𝑐 = (𝐴 − 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 − 𝐶)
21. In a group of 100 students, 35 like tea , 45 like coffee and 15 like both. How
many like either of them and how many like neither?
22. There are 30 students in a class. Among them, 8 students are learning both
English and French. A total of 18 students are learning English. If every
student is learning at least one language, howmany students are learning
French in total?
23. Among a group of students, 50 played cricket, 50 played hockey and 40 played
volley ball. 15 played both cricket and hockey, 20 played both hockey and
volley ball, 15 played cricket and volley ball and 10 played all three. If every
student played at least one game, find the number of students who played only
cricket, only hockey and only volley ball.
24. If 𝑈 = {0, 1, 2, . . . 9} is the universal set, 𝐴 = {1, 3, 5, 7}, 𝐵 = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
and 𝐶 = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8} are sets, then find
(a) 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
(b) 𝐴 ∩ ∅
(c) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)
(d) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)𝑐
(e) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
(f) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐴𝑐