Product design and development

Lec - 04
Steps in defining the problem

Lecturer: Daniel Mengistu

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Outline of the presentation

Problem identification
Steps in defining the problem

Functional analysis phase

Value engineering job plan

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Problem identification
Defining the problem is the most important step (five W’s)
Who? would need it?
What? is needed
When? is it needed
Where? Is it needed
Why? is it needed

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Steps in defining the problem
Identify the background issues
Recourses and constraints of the firm
Objective of the decision maker
Buyer behavior
Legal environment
Economic environment
Marketing and technological skills of the firm

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Functional analysis phase
Functional analysis is a technique
used to identify and understand
the needs of the product, project
or services (what does it do, what
must it do)
Function analysis supports
creative problem solving by
moving the focus away from the
expected solution and placing the
focus on the required performance
on need.

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Value engineering job plan

01 Orientation 02 Information

03 Functional analysis Creative

04
alternative

05 Evaluation 06 Development

07 Presentation 08 Implementation
Orientation phase
Identify issues
Prioritize issues
Draft scopes and objectives
Establish evaluation factors
determine study team
Collect data
Prepare for the study

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Information phase
Gathering and tabulation of
the information concerning
the item as presently designed
Areas of high cost or low
worth are identified

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Creative alternatives
Opportunity for the team to produce alternative
means of performing the functions associated with
product, service or project
The goal is to generate as many ideas as possible
in a short period of time. This can be
accomplished through function based
brainstorming.
All team members, including the stakeholders and
designers, participate in the creative brainstorming
session.

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Evaluation phase
The ideas generated from the creative phase are
systematically evaluated, screened, prioritized and
shortlisted for their potential to save cost and
value.
Ideas found to be irrelevant or not worthy of
additional study are disregarded.
Those ideas that represent the greatest potential
for cost savings and improvements are selected
for development.

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Development phase
The objective of the development
phase is to develop the
idea/alternative in sufficient detail
for the idea to be compared to the
originally proposed solution.
It enables the proposal to be
developed systematically and
evaluated against the proposed
solution.

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Presentation phase
The presentation phase is the
team’s opportunity to present the
proposals in better way than the
originally proposed solution.
It is also an opportunity for
decision makers to question the
team and assess the depth of
analysis that has taken place.

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Implementation phase
Develop an implementation plan
Execute the plan
Monitor the plan to completion

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