CONTINUOUS

ONE WAY
W SLABS-
TOS 5 UNIT 2B CONTINUOUS DESIGN AND
DETAILING
ONE WAY SLABS

Objectives:
1: To Understand How Large Spaces May be
Divided into Smaller Units of One Way or
Two Way Slabs

2: To Design One Way Continuous Slab using

I.S.Coefficients and Detail the Reinforcement

3: To Understand how Reinforcements are

placed physically (specially top
Reinforcements) and Concrete Operations
Carried Out
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2b: Continuous One Way Slab Units:

1. Need to divide larger slab units into smaller ones
You must have noticed the ceiling of your class room and seen the slab with supporting beams.
Why are these intermediate beams required? Can we do without them to have large clean
beamless soffits? The question cannot be easily answered. However I would like you to go through
the following small example of an 8M X 8M room and observe the reduction in concrete volume
by a simple process of providing intermediate beams
Case 1. Provide a single slab over the entire room
Obviously the slab is a two way slab and as per span to depth ratios learnt last year
1. The minimum depth of the slab S1would be Span/30 = 8000/30 = 266.66 ≈ 270
2. The minimum depth of the supporting beams B1 would be Span/12 = 8000/12 = 666.66 ≈675
So Volume of concrete would be
Slab = 8M x 8M x 0.27M = 17.28M³
Beams = 4 No’s x 8M X 0.23M X 0.675M = 4.97M³
Total Concrete Volume = 22.25M³

Case 2. Dividing the slab into two one way slab units by providing one intermediate beam
Obviously the slabs are one way slabs and as per span to depth ratios learnt last year
1. The minimum depth of the slab S2 would be Span/25 = 3885/25 = 155.4 ≈ 155
2. The minimum depth of the supporting beams B1 would be Span/12 = 8000/12 = 666.66 ≈675
(For simplicity sake I am rounding off the spans). Now Beams are 5 in numbers
So Volume of concrete would be

TOS 5 Unit 2b Design of Continuous One Way Slab Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Slab = 2 No’s x 4M x 8M x 0.155M = 09.92M³

Beams = 5 No’s x 8M X 0.23M X 0.675M = 6.21M³
Total Concrete Volume = 16.13M³

Case 3. Dividing the slab into four two way slab units by providing one intermediate beam in
both directions
Obviously the slabs are two way slabs and as per span to depth ratios learnt last year
1. The minimum depth of the slab S3 would be Span/30 = 3885/30 = 129.5 ≈ 130
2. The minimum depth of the supporting beams B1 would be Span/12 = 8000/12 = 666.66 ≈675
(For simplicity sake I am rounding off the spans). Now Beams are 6 in numbers
So Volume of concrete would be
Slab = 4 No’s x 4M x 4M x 0.130M = 08.32M³
Beams = 6 No’s x 8M X 0.23M X 0.675M = 07.45M³
Total Concrete Volume = 15.79M³

Case 4. Dividing the slab into 3 one way slab units by providing 2 intermediate beams as shown
above (Each Slab approximately spanning 2513mm)
These Slabs are now One Way Continuous Slabs and as per our study in this unit
1. The minimum depth of the slab S4 would be Span/28 = 2513/28 = 89.75 ≈ 100
2. The minimum depth of the supporting T beams B2 could be Span/15 = 8000/15 = 533.33≈550
(For simplicity sake I am rounding off the spans). Now Beams are 4 in numbers.

TOS 5 Unit 2b Design of Continuous One Way Slab Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Also the other two beams B3 as shown will have greater depths as they are single Simply
Supported Beams with two point loads on them.
So Volume of concrete would be
Slab = 3 No’s x 8M x 2.66M x 0.100M = 06.39M³
Beams B2= 4 No’s x 8M x 0.23M x 0.55M = 04.04M³
Beams B3 = 2 No’s x 0.23M x 0.8M X 8m =02.94M³
Total Concrete Volume = 13.37M³
Comparison of the four cases is as follows
CASE1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE4
Single Slab Two One Way Slabs and one 4 Two Way Slabs and 3 One Way Continuous
intermediate beam two intermediate beams Slabs with T Beams

22.25M³ 16.13M³ 15.79M³ 13.37M³

You can easily see that Providing these T Beams (we are yet to understand what these are) and
these one way continuous slab units is the most economical as far as concrete Volume is
considered (The steel quantity has not been considered at all as of present).
So the questions are now of:
1. What are these Continuous One Way Slab Units?
2. What are these T Beams?
We have already learnt Continuous Beams in TOS 3 and need to refer those notes to refresh our
memory. When Multiple Slabs Spanning over Beams in Linear Direction are cast monolithically
with the Beams, they can be designed as One Way Continuous Slabs over the supporting beams.

TOS 5 Unit 2b Design of Continuous One Way Slab Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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The above diagram shows that there is considerable reduction in the Positive Bending Moment,
However We have to deal with the negative B.M over the supports for which reinforcement will
have to be provided at the top
1. Condition for Use of Coefficients: Unless more exact estimates are made, for beams of
uniform cross-section which support substantially uniformly distributed loads over three or
more spans which do not differ by more than 15 % of the longest, the bending moments and
shear forces used in design may be obtained using the coefficients given in Table 12 and Table
13 respectively (the same has been produced in the form of a B.M.D above). Where
coefficients given in Table 12 are used for calculation of bending moments, redistribution shall
not be permitted (Clauses 22.5.1 and 22.5.2 From I.S.456)
2. Minimum Depth for Deflection: The span to depth ratio may be taken up to Span/30 for
effective depth (We shall for simplicity sake take Span to depth overall Ratio as 28).

3. Effective Span: In the case of continuous beam or slab, if the width of the support is less than
l/12 of the clear span, the Effective span shall be taken as least of the following
1. Centre to centre between supports
2. Clear span + de
The below diagram shows arrangement of reinforcement but does not show
distribution steel

Below is an extract showing how the top reinforcement is supported on bar chairs

TOS 5 Unit 2b Design of Continuous One Way Slab Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Install bar chairs Z Chairs acting @ 1000 c/c as spacers between top and bottom reinforcements.

Lay the top reinforcements with distribution bars fixed on first and the main reinforcements on the upper
layer (transverse direction).

TOS 5 Unit 2b Design of Continuous One Way Slab Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Design Steps for One Way Continuous Slabs

1. Assume depth by deflection do = Span/28 and Calculate de = do – cover – ½ (diameter)

2. Calculate Effective spans as per 3 above

3. Calculate Dead load and Factored Dead Load FdD

Calculate Live Load and Factored Live Load FdL
4. Calculate B.M positive for all spans and B.M negative for all spans using Coefficients.

5. Check for depth for B.Mmax and prove that it is lesser than de assumed

6. Calculate Ast for various B.Ms and spacing and provide the same at top or bottom as case
may be.

7. Calculate Adst as 0.12 % = 0.12/100 x do x 1000 and spacing of Adst

8. Make Schedule and draw section of reinforcement as given in below two alternative
detailing

Problems:
Problem 1: A Class Room of Size 8M X 12M is to be provided with a slab supported on
beams spanning across the 8M dimension of the room, two intermediate T beams and two end L
beams. Design the slabs
(Refer the sketch plan at the end of the problem)
1. Clear Span of slabs = (12000 – 2(230) )/3 = 3846.66
do =3846.66/28 = 137.35 ≈140 = 0.14M
Hence de = 140 – 15 – ½(10) = 120mm = 0.12M

2. Effective Span le is the same for all and is least of the following.
a. c/c between supports = 3.846 + 0.23 = 4.076
b. clear span + de = 3.846 + 0.12 = 3.966M

3. Loading
a. Dead load
Self-weight = 1M x 0.14M x 25kN/M³ = 3.50kN/M
Floor Finish = 1M X 1.25kN/M² = 1.25kN/M
Total Dead Load = 4.75kN/M
Factored Dead Load = FdD = 1.5 X 4.75 = 7.125 kN/M
TOS 5 Unit 2b Design of Continuous One Way Slab Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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b. Live load = 1M x 4kN/M² = 4kN/M. Factored Live Load = FdL = 1.5 X 4 = 6.0kN/M

4. B.M Calculations
1. B.Mmax1 +ive = FdL x le²/10 + FdD x le²/12 = 6 x 3.966²/10 + 7.125 x 3.966²/12
= 9.43 + 9.33 = 18.76kNM = 18.76 x 10⁶Nmm
2. B.Mmax3 -ive = FdL x le²/9 + FdD x le²/10 = 6 x 3.966²/9 + 7.125 x 3.966²/10
=10.48 + 11.2 = 21.68kNM = 21.68 x 10⁶Nmm

3. B.Mmax2 -ive = FdL x le²/12 + FdD x le²/16 = 6 x 3.966²/12 + 7.125 x 3.966²/16

=7.86 + 7.00 = 14.86kNM = 14.86 x 10⁶Nmm

5. Check for depth using B.Mmax among the above 3

M.R = 0.134 x fck x b x d². Hence 21.68 x 10⁶ = 0.134 x 20 x 1000 x d²
de = 89.94 < 120 (de assumed) So Safe for Depth assumed

6. Calculate Ast for all three B.Ms

1. Ast1 = 18.76 x 10⁶/0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 120 ≈ 443mm²
Spacing of 10mm bars for Ast1 = 78.5 x 1000/443 ≈ 175c/c
2. Ast2 = 14.86 x 10⁶/0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 120 ≈ 351mm²
Spacing of 10mm bars for Ast2 = 78.5 x 1000/351 ≈ 220c/c
3. Ast3 = 21.68 x 10⁶/0.87 x 500 x 0.81 x 120 ≈ 513mm²
Spacing of 10mm bars for Ast3 = 78.5 x 1000/513 ≈ 150c/c

7. Calculate Adst = 0.12 X 1000 X 140/100 = 168mm²

Spacing of 8mm bars = 50.3 x 1000/168 ≈295c/c
8. Slab Schedule and Sketch

Slab Schedule
Slab Depth Steel along shorter span Steel Along Longer Span Remark
Top
Bottom
Reinforcement
Reinforcement
at Supports
S1 140 10Φ@175c/c 10Φ@150c/c 8Φ @ 295c/c One way Continuous
S2 140 10Φ@220c/c 10Φ@150c/c 8Φ @ 295c/c One way Continuous

TOS 5 Unit 2b Design of Continuous One Way Slab Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho
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Problem 2: A Office Room of Size 6.8M X 10.6M is to be provided with a slab supported on
beams spanning across the 6.8M dimension of the room, two intermediate T beams and two end
L beams. Design the slabs

TOS 5 Unit 2b Design of Continuous One Way Slab Compiled by Ar. Arthur Cutinho